Synthesis of clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron using green tea extract for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions

This study addresses the synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron(n ZVI) in the presence of natural bentonite(B-n ZVI) using green tea extract. The natural bentonite and B-n ZVI were then applied for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions at various concentrations, p H levels and contact time. The desorption of phosphorus(P) from adsorbents was done immediately after sorption at the maximum initial concentration using the successive dilution method. The characterization of FTIR, SEM, and XRD indicated that n ZVI was successfully loaded to the surface of natural bentonite. The sorption of phosphorus on B-n ZVI was observed to be p H-dependent, with maximum phosphorus removal occurring at the p H range of 2 to 5. The results demonstrate that the maximum sorption capacities of natural bentonite and B-n ZVI were 4.61 and 27.63 mg·g^(-1), respectively.Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson models properly described the sorption isotherm data. For either adsorbent, desorption isotherms did not coincide with their corresponding sorption isotherms, suggesting the occurrence of irreversibility and hysteresis. The average percentages of retained phosphorus released from natural bentonite and B-n ZVI were 80% and 9%, respectively. The results indicated that sorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The present study suggests that B-n ZVI could be used as a suitable adsorbent for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions.

Eco friendly adsorbents for removal of phenol from aqueous solution employing nanoparticle zero-valent iron synthesized from modified green tea bio-waste and supported on silty clay

The present research investigated a novel route for the synthesis of nanoparticle zero-valent iron(NZVI)utilizing an aqueous extract of green tea waste as a reductant with ferric chloride.Also,the supported nanoparticle zerovalent iron was synthesized using natural silty clay as a support material(SC-NZVI).The NZVI and SC-NZVI were characterized by infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET),and zeta potential(ζ).The interpretation of the results demonstrated that the polyphenol and other antioxidants in green tea waste can be used as reduction and capping agents in NZVI synthesis,with silty clay an adequate support.Additionally,the experiments were carried out to explore phenol adsorption by NZVI and SC-NZVI.To determine the optimum conditions,the impact of diverse experimental factors(i.e.,initial pH,adsorbent dose,temperature,and concentration of phenol)was studied.Langmuir,Freundlich,and Tempkin isotherms were used as representatives of adsorption equilibrium.The obtained results indicated that the adsorption processes for both NZVI and SC-NZVI well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model.The appropriateness of pseudofirstorder and pseudosecondorder kinetics was investigated.The experimental kinetics data were good explained by the second-order model.The thermodynamic parameters(ΔH0,ΔS0,andΔG0)for NZVI and SC-NZVI were determined.The maximum removal rates of phenol at optimum conditions,when adsorbed onto NZVI and SC-NZVI,were found to be 94.8%and 90.1%,respectively.

Study of diclofenac removal by the application of combined zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide nanoparticles in groundwater

Diclofenac(DCF)is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in groundwater,posing a great threat to the environment and human health due to its toxicity.To mitigate the DCF contamination,experiments on DCF degradation by the combined process of zero-valent iron nanoparticles(nZVI)and nano calcium peroxide(nCaO_(2))were performed.A batch experiment was conducted to examine the influence of the adding dosages of both nZVI and nCaO_(2)nanoparticles and pH value on the DCF removal.In the meantime,the continuous-flow experiment was done to explore the sustainability of the DCF degradation by jointly adding nZVI/nCaO_(2)nanoparticles in the reaction system.The results show that the nZVI/nCaO_(2)can effectively remove the DCF in the batch test with only 0.05 g/L nZVI and 0.2 g/L nCaO_(2)added,resulting in a removal rate of greater than 90%in a 2-hour reaction with an initial pH of 5.The degradation rate of DCF was positively correlated with the dosage of nCaO_(2),and negatively correlated with both nZVI dosage and the initial pH value.The order of significance of the three factors is identified as pH value>nZVI dosage>nCaO_(2)dosage.In the continuous-flow reaction system,the DCF removal rates remained above 75%within 150 minutes at the pH of 5,with the applied dosages of 0.5 g/L for nZVI and 1.0 g/L for nCaO_(2).These results provide a theoretical basis for the nZVI/nCaO_(2)application to remove DCF in groundwater.

Factors Affecting the Reductive Properties of the Core-Shell SiO2-Coated Iron Nanoparticles

In this study, novel core-shell SiO2-coated iron nanoparticles (SiO2-nZVI) were synthesized using a one-step Stoeber method. The Malachite green degradation abilities of the nanoparticles were investigated. The effects of ethanol/distilled water volume ratio, presence and absence of PEG, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) dosage, and hydrolysis time used in the nanoparticles preparation process were investigated. The results indicated that the SiO2-coated iron nanoparticles had the highest reduction activity when the particles synthesized with ethanol/H2O ratio of 2:1, PEG of 0.15 ml, TEOS of 0.5 ml and the reaction time was 4 h. The SiO2-nZVI nanoparticles were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the average particles diameter of the SiO2-nZVI was 20 - 30 nm. The thickness of the outside SiO2 film is consistent and approximately 10 nm. The results indicated that the nanoparticles coated completely with a transparent SiO2-film. Such nanoparticles could have wide applications in dye decolorization.

Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil remediation

The addition of nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising technology for the in situ remediation of soil.Unfortunately,the mobility and,consequently,the reactivity of nZVI particles in contaminated areas decrease due to their rapid aggregation.In this study,we determined how nZVI particles can be stabilized using different types of biochar(BC)as a support(BC@nZVI).In addition,we investigated the transport behavior of the synthesized BC@nZVI particles in a column filled with porous media and their effectiveness in the removal of BDE209(decabromodiphenyl ether)from soil.The characterization results of N2 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area analyses,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)indicated that nZVI was successfully loaded into the BC.The sedimentation test results and the experimental breakthrough curves indicated that all of the BC@nZVI composites manifested better stability and mobility than did the bare-nZVI particles,and the transport capacity of the particles increased with increasing flow velocity and porous medium size.Furthermore,the maximum concentrations of the column effluent for bagasse-BC@nZVI(B-BC@nZVI)were 19%,37%and 48%higher than those for rice straw-BC@nZVI(R-BC@nZVI),wood chips-BC@nZVI(W-BC@nZVI)and corn stalks-BC@nZVI(C-BC@nZVI),respectively.A similar order was found for the removal and debromination efficiency of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE209)by the aforementioned particles.Overall,the attachment of nZVI particles to BC significantly increased the reactivity,stability and mobility of B-BC@nZVI yielded,and nZVI the best performance.

Immobilization and transformation of co-existing arsenic and antimony in highly contaminated sediment by nano zero-valent iron

Arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)are usually coexistent in mine wastes and pose a great threat to human health.The As immobilization by nano zero-valent iron(n ZVI)is promising,however,the stabilization for co-occurring As and Sb is not known.Herein,the immobilization and transformation of As and Sb in n ZVI-treated sediments were evaluated using complementary leaching experiments and characterization techniques.Raw sediment samples from a gold-antimony deposit revealed the co-existence of ultrahigh As and Sb at 50.3 and 14.9 g/kg,respectively.Leaching results show that As was more efficiently stabilized by n ZVI than Sb,which was primarily due to the soluble fraction that was readily absorbed by n ZVI of As was higher.As the n ZVI treatment proceeds,the oxidation and reduction of As and Sb occur simultaneously as evidenced by XPS analysis.The primary oxidant,hydroxyl radicals,was detected by EPR studies,proving the occurrence of n ZVI induced Fenton reaction.This study sheds light on differences in the interaction and immobilization of n ZVI with Sb and As in co-contaminated sediments.

碳包覆棒状纳米氧化铁非等温还原动力学

纳米氧化铁作为一种兼具优良光学属性、磁响应特性等多种功能优势的纳米材料,结合碳包覆工艺,极大地促进了新功能材料的开发与应用。为确定碳包覆棒状纳米氧化铁还原过程中的动力学参数,试验通过水热炭化法制备碳包覆棒状纳米氧化铁,在氮气气氛条件下,对样品的失重曲线分析,结合FWO法与CR法进行交叉验证。结果显示:碳包覆棒状纳米氧化铁反应活化能约为102.06 kJ/mol,反应机理为三级化学反应模型。

Synthesis and Characterization of SiO_2 Coated γ-Fe_2O_3 Nanocomposite Powder for Hyperthermic Application

SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder has been successfully synthesized by chemical vapor condensation process and its feasibility on hyperthermic application was investigated in this study. The power loss of SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder which means the magnetic heating effect under alternative magnetic field was much higher than the single phase γ-Fe2O3 nano powder due to the very fine size under 20 nm and well dispersion in biologically compatible SiO2 matrix. The superparamagnetism and hyperthermic property of SiO2 coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite powder were discussed in terms of microstructural development in this study.

羰基铁粉表面纳米钴修饰及其对磁流变液性能的影响

羰基铁粉作为制备磁流变液最重要的磁性材料,其表面特性将对所制备的磁流变体系的磁流变效应、化学稳定性和沉降稳定性产生很大的影响。因此,在磁流变液制备中,磁性颗粒的表面修饰必不可少,也是磁流变液研究的重要内容。本文采用化学沉积方法,首先在微米级羰基铁粉表面均匀镀上一层纳米级金属钴,然后再对表面进行其它处理,以试图改善磁性材料的表面均匀性、提高饱和磁化强度并增强磁流变效应。在pH=10左右的硼砂缓冲溶液介质中,采用次亚磷酸钠直接还原钴盐的方法将纳米级金属钴包覆在羰基铁粉的表面。对影响钴化学沉积过程的因素例如pH值、温度、溶液浓度等进行了实验研究,并对实验条件进行优化。采用XRD、热分析、SEM、XPS和原子发射光谱对处理后的颗粒样品进行观察、表征和成分测定。采用钴处理前后颗粒作为磁性粒子制备磁流变液,对其沉降稳定性和磁流变效应进行比较,得到较为满意的结果。

新型磁性纳米锂离子筛的合成

采用狭道式撞击流反应器,将Fe3O4爆发式成核过程与快速包覆MnCO3+Li2CO3薄膜的过程同步进行,制备出具有核壳结构的纳米Fe3O4/MnCO3+Li2CO3前驱体;然后,通过在450℃下高温焙烧和稀酸酸浸脱锂工艺得到一种组成为Fe3O4/HxMnyO4的磁性纳米锂离子筛。实验优化了爆发式成核过程与液相快速包膜过程的主要操作参数。采用BET、TEM、EDX、XRD等手段对产物进行了分析表征。结果表明,磁性纳米锂离子筛的平均粒径约为40 nm,比饱和磁化强度为27.581 emu.g-1,磁矫顽力为138.64 G。与普通锂离子筛相比,纳米锂离子筛薄膜在固相扩散方面优势明显,有望在海水提锂过程中发挥独特的作用。

包覆型纳米铁的制备及对氯酚类化合物的降解研究

利用自制的二氧化硅包覆型纳米零价铁在常温中性条件下还原降解了2,4,6-TCP,简要探讨了包覆型纳米零价铁的投加量和2,4,6-TCP初始浓度对降解效率的影响,并对其反应动力学进行了简要说明。降解反应过程符合一级反应动力学,表观反应速率常数Kobs=0.011 13 h-1。

铁杂质在Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+)激活的铝酸锶发光粉中发光猝灭研究

利用纳米包覆技术制备了掺杂不同含铁量的发光粉SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy,通过X射线衍射、发射光谱和余辉曲线等测试手段研究了铁杂质对发光粉的晶体结构以及发光性能的影响.结果表明微量铁的存在没有引起发光粉的晶相结构变化,但降低了发光强度.随着铁含量从0.001 mol增加到0.01 mol,余辉平均发光强度下降了50%,这种变化是由于Fe3+—O2-中心将一部分能量传递到红外区域引起的,同时首次发现了铁在铝酸锶晶体中的红外发光现象.

铁基纳米氧化铝镀层修复发动机关键部件研究

针对目前发动机关键部件修复存在的问题,对铁基纳米复合镀层用于发动机关键部件的修复进行研究。设计了研究方案,阐述铁基纳米复合镀层制备所需设备、材料、镀液成分及工艺过程,进行结合强度、耐磨性、硬度等物理力学特性测验,并对发动机关键部件——曲轴修复进行试验研究,阐述试验过程,获得试验数据。该技术能满足发动机关键部件修复需要。

纳米二氧化硅包覆云母氧化铁及其对UV固化涂料防腐性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在云母氧化铁表面上包覆纳米二氧化硅对其进行改性。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、能谱(EDS)和热重分析(TG)确定纳米二氧化硅是否包覆于云母氧化铁表面;扫描电镜(SEM)观察了云母氧化铁包覆前后的表观形貌变化;利用EIS技术研究了云母氧化铁经改性后对涂层耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:包覆在云母氧化铁表面的SiO_2颗粒大小一致,粒径大小约为40 nm;纳米SiO_2包覆云母氧化铁后使其表面具有纳米材料特性,从而提高了云母氧化铁的耐热性和疏水性,因此极大地增强了涂层的耐腐蚀性能。

糯米粉包覆纳米零价铁去除溶液中U(Ⅵ)的试验研究

研究了以糯米粉为载体、采用液相还原法制备包覆型复合材料糯米粉-纳米零价铁(nZVI),并用于去除溶液中以UO22+形式存在的U(Ⅵ)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料的微结构,并考察溶液pH、糯米粉-nZVI用量、温度、反应时间及U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度等因素对铀去除效果的影响。结果表明:在溶液U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为10mg/L、溶液pH=6、温度30℃、材料投加量0.4g/L、反应120min条件下,U(Ⅵ)去除率达96.4%,吸附量为18.73mg/g;U(Ⅵ)初始浓度越高,U(Ⅵ)去除效果越好,糯米粉-nZVI可用于从溶液中吸附去除U(Ⅵ)。

包覆型纳米零价铁的制备及其对染料溶液的脱色性能

采用一步法合成了SiO2覆型纳米零价铁（SiO2-NZVI），并采用TEM，XRD，FTIR及EDS方对其进行了表征，考察了SiO2-NZVI对偶氮、蒽醌、三苯甲烷3种不同类型的染料溶液的脱色能力。表征结果表明：SiO2-NZVI平均粒径为15-22nm，SiO，薄膜厚度均一，约为10nm；SiO2-NZVI中所含元素主要为Fe和Si，质量比为90．6：9．4。实验结果表明：SiO2-NZVI对3种染料溶液均具有脱色能力，在染料溶液质量浓度为100mg／L、SiO2-NZVI加入量为2g／L、反应时间为35min的条件下，对甲基橙、孔雀石绿、洋红溶液的脱色率分别为86．04％，97．50％，82．13％；SiO2-NZVI相对于NZVI有更强的抗氧化能力，且酸性环境有利于SiO2-NZVI对染料溶液的脱色。

球墨铸铁热处理方法之探讨

详细介绍了球墨铸铁件的各种热处理、表面热处理工艺以及在生产中的应用,并简单介绍了新型纳米复合涂层在球墨铸铁件中的应用。

装配式钢结构水性重防腐涂层的研制

针对我国近海内陆装配式钢结构长效防腐需求,研制了与之配套的水性重防腐涂层。通过调整涂料关键材料的组成及配比,研究了其对水性环氧富锌底漆、水性环氧云铁中间漆以及水性脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆关键性能的影响。结果表明:适量的纳米锌粉、云母氧化铁以及离子吸收剂的加入有利于提高底漆的耐腐蚀性和早期耐水性;云母氧化铁与复合磷酸锌颜料合理搭配,有助于提升中间漆的防腐性能;附着力促进剂对水性聚氨酯面漆性能提升显著。所研制的水性环氧富锌底漆、水性环氧云铁中间漆、水性脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆及配套涂层的相关性能超过行业标准(HG/T 5176-2017)的性能指标,表明了该涂层体系可以满足C4环境下的长效防腐要求(>25 a),为近海内陆装配式钢结构的表面涂装提供了技术参考。

纳米包覆法制备SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋发光粉及铁杂质猝灭研究

利用纳米包覆技术制备了掺杂不同含铁量的发光粉SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了纳米氧化铝水合粒子的包覆过程。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、光谱测量等分析手段研究了铁杂质对发光粉}生能方面的影响。结果表明，微量铁的引入没有使发光粉的晶相结构发生变化，但却大大降低了其发光强度。随着铁含量从0．001mol增加到0．01mol，余辉平均发光强度下降了50％，这种变化可能是由于Fe^3＋-O^2-知中心将一部分能量传递到红外区域引起的，同时首次发现了铁在铝酸锶晶体中的红外发光现象。

不对称交流-直流电镀Fe-纳米ZrO_2复合镀层工艺的研究

为提高镀铁层的硬度及耐磨性能,采用氯化物低温镀铁工艺,选择纳米ZrO2作为第二相粒子,以不对称交流-直流电源电镀法制备了Fe-纳米ZrO2复合镀层。研究了不对称交流-直流镀铁工艺对镀层的影响,考察了工艺参数对镀层中ZrO2复合量的影响以及表面活性剂对镀层性能的影响。结果表明,采用不对称交流-直流电镀方法可获得内应力小、光滑致密的复合镀层,有效降低镀层裂纹的产生;通过控制工艺参数可调节镀层中ZrO2纳米粒子的复合量;在镀液中加入阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠可降低纳米粒子的团聚,获得最佳的镀层综合性能。