A Multi-Domain Boundary Element Method to Analyze the Reflection and Transmission of Oblique Waves From Double Porous Thin Walls

In the present paper, we examine the performance of an efficient type of wave-absorbing porous marine structure under the attack of regular oblique waves by using a Multi-Domain Boundary Element Method(MDBEM). The structure consists of two perforated vertical thin barriers creating what can be called a wave absorbing chamber system. The barriers are surface piercing, thereby eliminating wave overtopping. The problem of the interaction of obliquely incident linear waves upon a pair of perforated barriers is first formulated in the context of linear diffraction theory. The resulting boundary integral equation, which is matched with far-field solutions presented in terms of analytical series with unknown coefficients, as well as the appropriate boundary conditions at the free surface, seabed, and barriers, is then solved numerically using MDBEM. Dissipation of the wave energy due to the presence of the perforated barriers is represented by a simple yet effective relation in terms of the porosity parameter appropriate for thin perforated walls. The results are presented in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients. The effects of the incident wave angles, relative water depths, porosities, depths of the walls, and other major parameters of interest are explored.

The analytical transfer matrix method for quantum reflection

In this paper, the analytical transfer matrix method （ATMM） is applied to study the properties of quantum reflection in three systems： a sech2 barrier, a ramp potential and an inverse harmonic oscillator. Our results agree with those obtained by Landau and Lifshitz [Landau L D and Lifshitz E M 1977 Quantum Mechanics （Non-relativistic Theory） （New York： Pergamon）], which proves that ATMM is a simple and effective method for quantum reflection.

Antireflection Coating for Solar Cells Based on Graded-Index Materials

The conversion of sunlight into electricity via photovoltaics presents tremendous opportunities for the generation of renewable energy. However, solar cells still face several challenges and limitations to further reduce manufacturing costs and increase module efficiency. Photon management is paramount to increase the efficiency of the mainstream silicon-based cell and always includes a suitable antireflection coating (ARC) structure to decrease the reflectance (R) at the top surface. We propose a novel triple-layer anti-reflective coating (TLAR) consisting of three layers sandwiched between the upper cover (glass) and the substrate (silicon). The inner three layers are graded refractive index material (GIM) as an active layer, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc sulfide (ZnS), respectively. The optical properties of the TLAR have been investigated using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The results of using GIM as the active medium lead to the reflection decaying to the minimum value, and the transmittance reaching the maximum values at a specific wavelength range. The proposed triple-layer anti-reflective coating (TLAR) structure presents a promising solution for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells. Its unique design and utilization of graded refractive index material (GIM) as the active layer make it a novel and innovative approach that holds great potential for advancing solar cell technology.

REFLECTION/TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN DISPERSIVE INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA

In this paper, we analyze the transmission and reflection properties of a high order discontinuous Galerkin method for dispersive Maxwell＇s equations, originally proposed by Lu et al. [J. Comput. Phys. 200 （2004）, pp. 549-580]. We study the reflection and transmission properties of the numerical method for up to second-order polynomial elements for one- and two-dimensional Maxwell＇s equations with rectangular meshes. High order accuracy has been shown for reflection and transmission coefficients near material interfaces.

Applying Finite Difference Method to Simulate the Performance of a Perforated Breakwater Under Regular Waves

Using a discretized finite difference method, a numerical model was developed to study the interaction of regular waves with a perforated breakwater. Considering a non-viscous, non-rotational fluid, the governing equations of Laplacian velocity potential were developed, and specific conditions for every single boundary were defined. The final developed model was evaluated based on an existing experimental result. The evaluated model was used to simulate the condition for various wave periods from 0.6 to 2 s. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of waves were examined with different breakwater porosities, wave steepnesses, and angular frequencies. The results show that the developed model can suitably present the effect of the structural and hydraulic parameters on the reflection and transmission coefficients. It was also found that with the increase in wave steepness, the reflection coefficient increased logarithmically, while the transmission coefficient decreased logarithmically.

Performance Evaluation of Bottom-Standing Submerged Breakwaters in Regular Waves Using the Meshless Singular Boundary Method

In this paper, the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method (ISBM) is developed for analyzing the hydrodynamic performance of bottom-standing submerged breakwaters in regular normally incident waves. Both the single and dual prismatic breakwaters of rectangular and trapezoidal forms are examined. Only the impermeable breakwaters are considered in this study. The physical problem is cast in terms of the Laplace equation governing an irrotational flow and incompressible fluid motion with the appropriate mixed-type boundary conditions, and it is solved numerically using the ISBM. The numerical results are presented in terms of the hydrodynamic quantities of reflection and transmission coefficients. The values are first validated against the data of previous studies, computed, and discussed for a variety of structural conditions, including the height, width, and spacing of breakwater submergence. An excellent agreement is observed between the ISBM results and those of other methods. The breakwater width is found to feature marginal effects compared with the height. The present method is shown to accurately predict the resonant conditions at which the maximum reflection and transmission occur. The trapezoidal breakwaters are found to generally present a wide spectrum of reflections, suggesting that they would function better than the rectangular breakwaters. The dual breakwater systems are confirmed to perform much better than single structures.

Meshless Method with Domain Decomposition for Submerged Porous Breakwaters in Waves

Based on the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method(ISBM)in multi domain(MD),a numerical method is proposed in this paper to study the interaction of submerged permeable breakwaters and regular waves at normal incidence.To account for fluid flow inside the porous breakwaters,the conventional model of Sollitt and Cross for porous media is adopted.Both single and dual trapezoidal breakwaters are examined.The physical problem is formulated in the context of the linear potential wave theory.The domain decomposition method(DDM)is employed,in which the full computational domain is decomposed into separate domains,that is,the fluid domain and the domains of the breakwaters.Respectively,appropriate mixed type boundary and continuity conditions are applied for each subdomain and at the interfaces between domains.The solution is approximated in each subdomain by the ISBM.The discretized algebraic equations are combined,resulting in an overdetermined full system that is solved using a least-square solution procedure.The numerical results are presented in terms of the hydrodynamic quantities of reflection,transmission,and wave-energy dissipation.The relevance of the results of the present numerical procedure is first validated against data of previous studies,and then selected computations are discussed for various structural conditions.The proposed method is demonstrated to be highly accurate and computationally efficient.

兼顾传输功率和衰减因素的同轴线半径比优化方法

针对传统的通用型同轴线产品设计、制造基础理论缺陷和目前微波采油现场利用地下石油管构建超长、功率容量大及能量损耗小的井筒同轴线工程需求,进行通用型同轴线结构优化理论和设计方法研究;突破经典的单因素优化方法约束,基于同轴线上传输功率、能量损耗与衰减系数三者之间固有的物理关系,构造兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响的目标函数数学模型;提出同轴线半径比优化设计方法。结果表明:通用型同轴线的外、内导体半径比最优值为2.11,特性阻抗标称值为45Ω;同轴线传输特性对其导体半径比的变化很敏感,应用经典的单因素优化结果不能满足使用要求,只有兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响才能使通用型同轴线具有通用性功能,本文的理论结果与同轴线单模传输公式相结合,构成了完整的通用型同轴线结构优化设计理论体系。

波流耦合影响下分层海床隧道周围砂土渗流孔压及液化分析

目前针对波浪作用下海底盾构隧道周围渗流场的既有理论研究一般将衬砌考虑为不透水介质,较少考虑隧道衬砌的渗透性,尤其是较少考虑波浪与海流共同作用对隧道的影响。此外,既有理论一般将海床视为均质且各向同性工况,忽略了实际情况下分层海床的影响。首先,基于波流共同作用下的海床表面的动力边界条件,采用传递-反射矩阵法得到波流共同作用下自由分层海床的孔压响应;其次,采用镜像法建立了由于隧道存在引起的砂土摄动压力控制方程,并利用砂土与衬砌间渗流连续条件获得了该方程的Fourier级数展开解析解;接着,采用叠加原理得到了波流共同作用下分层海床中隧道周围砂土的渗流压力响应及液化判定解答。最后,将理论解析解与数值结果及已有的试验结果进行对比,获得了较好的一致性。此外,针对海床渗透性和隧道衬砌渗透性进行了影响因素分析。结果表明:海流顺流会增大海床中的孔压和液化程度,逆流会减小海床中的孔压并抑制海床的液化,且流速相同时海床对逆流响应的相对差异总体上也大于顺流;当分层海床上层渗透系数较大时(k+s>1×10^(-2)m/s),海床整体孔压较大,且第一次分层处孔压变化明显;当隧道衬砌渗透系数较小时(k+l<1×10^(-6)m/s),隧道对超静孔隙水压在海床内传播“阻挡”效应明显。

微波频段下麦麸介电特性的测量与分析

介电特性对于麦麸的微波消杀与干燥具有重要研究价值,为探究麦麸的介电特性,在频率0.5~4.0 GHz、含水率1.94%~31.56%、温度35~85℃下,采用同轴传输/反射法测量了麦麸介电常数ε'和损耗因子ε″的变化,并采用多元回归分析法建立了频率为2.45 GHz的ε′、ε″与含水率和温度的数学模型。结果表明:随着频率的增加,ε′和ε″呈单调递增状态;温度越高,ε′和ε″越大;含水率越高,ε′和ε″越大。对模型的验证结果表明,ε′和ε″实验值与计算值之间的决定系数分别为0.99312和0.99082,相对误差分别小于7%和10%,说明该模型可以较好地预测麦麸介电特性。研究结果为麦麸物理性质相似物质的介电特性测量提供指导,对麦麸微波干燥与微波消杀等设备的研发提供理论依据与数据支持。

Scattering of Water Waves by Dual Symmetric Inclined Floating Porous Barriers Using the DBEM

The scattering of normally incident water waves by two surface-piercing inclined perforated barriers in water with a uniform finite depth is investigated within the framework of linear water wave theory.Considering that thin barriers are zero-thickness,a novel numerical method involving the the coupling of the dual boundary element method(DBEM)with damping layers is applied.In order to effectively damp out the reflected waves,two damping layers,instead of pseudoboundaries are implemented near the two side boundaries of the computational domain.Thus,the modified linearized free surface boundary conditions are formulated and used for solving both the ordinary boundary integral equation as well as the hypersingular boundary integral equation for degenerate boundaries.The newly developed numerical method is validated against analytical methods using the matched eigenfunction expansion method for the special case of two vertical barriers or the inclined angle to the vertical being zero.The influence of the length of the two damping layers has been discussed.Moreover,these findings are also validated against previous results for several cases.After validation,the numerical results for the reflection coefficient,transmission coefficient and dissipation coefficient are obtained by varying the inclination angle and porosity-effect parameter.The effects of both the inclination angle and the porosity on the amplitudes of wave forces acting on both the front and rear barriers are also investigated.It is found that the effect of the inclination angle mainly shifts the location of the extremal values of the reflection and the transmission coefficients.Additionally,a moderate value of the porosity-parameter is quite effective at dissipating wave energy and mitigating the wave loads on dual barriers.

混凝土板件波速测试方法及影响因素分析

利用ANSYS有限元软件模拟瞬时冲击荷载作用下,应力波在混凝土结构中的传播过程,模拟分析混凝土板在冲击荷载下的波场响应特征,从而更加直观地研究冲击后混凝土板内波的传播特性,主要从波速测试影响因素以及波速测试方法等几个方面进行研究,讨论在不同激振位置和不同冲击持续时间下对波速变化的影响,以及通过反射法、透射法和瑞利波速法来预估纵波速的方法来讨论不同方法的差异性、优缺点,并提出一套合理的纵波波速测试方法。

粘接结构波动特性的矩阵表示法及参数影响

为丰富多层复合材料界面形态检测方式,笔者构建了一种声波传播界面矩阵模型。分别用空气和水模拟粘接结构的界面为脱粘和进水状态,导出了横波入射下的多层结构中的声反射和透射系数表达式;研究了超声波与不同形态界面的相互作用,分析了入射角度对声波传播特性的影响。结果表明:当横波入射角度介于30°~40°或30°~60°之间,分别采用横波的反射系数法或透射系数法可较容易区分出完好连接、脱粘以及进水界面;除了0°、临界角和90°外,采用纵波透射系数法也较容易鉴别界面形态;无论横波入射角度为多大,采用纵波反射系数法均不能很好地区分脱粘和进水界面。该方法为实验时采用超声波检测粘接结构提供了依据。

槽波地震勘探技术在煤层地质探测中的应用

为准确掌握煤矿工作面内隐伏的中小型断层发育等地质情况,将槽波地震透射技术和槽波地震反射技术综合应用于文家坡煤矿4106工作面进行地质条件探测。通过波场和速度分析、频谱分析、频散分析,确定文家坡煤矿4106工作面内槽波的有效频段以及噪声频段;为宽频带通滤波提供可靠依据,进行宽频带通滤波后,分别进行透射能量CT成像和反射叠加成像;根据成像结果综合解释,将透射能量CT成像解释结果和反射叠加成像结果相互印证,确定文家坡煤矿4106工作面存在2个异常区、2条断层,为该工作面的安全生产作业提供了地质依据。

改进的同轴传输/反射法测量复介电常数

推导了一种基于传输线理论和微波网络理论的测量电介质材料复介电常数的传输/反射法。给出了半波谐振和多值性问题的解决方法。改进的校准方法消除了试样位置和夹具长度测量误差对结果的影响。使用矢量网络分析仪和空气同轴线,在100 MHz～4 GHz频率范围内测量了聚四氟乙烯试样。计算值与参考值在整个频率范围内符合得很好,最大偏差不超过5%。实验结果表了明该文方法能够实现宽频带的电介质材料复介电常数的测量。

井下槽波地震勘探——预防煤矿灾害的一种地球物理方法

当在煤层中激发地震波时,由于顶、底板围岩速度明显高于煤层中地震波的传播速度,当地震波入射角大于临界角时会发生全反射,经过多次全反射混合叠加,在煤层中形成槽波.槽波是一种围限波,它最大的特点是频散现象,槽波在煤层中传播时还具有速度低、衰减弱等特点,因此可以用来探测煤层中的采空区、断层等地质构造.本文初步阐述了槽波地震勘探技术的研究现状,槽波的形成,槽波的特点、槽波地震勘探的工作方法以及应用实例等内容,并基于其特点对槽波地震勘探技术作出了展望.

脉冲红外热成像无损检测的物理检测机理

介绍了实验中采用的脉冲红外热成像无损检测系统的组成,通过黑体辐射理论和热传导理论研究了系统检测机理以及常用的反射和透射检测方法,提出了两种增强小发射系数试件热辐射的方法,并得到了反射法和透射法检测的适用范围。

基于同轴线的传输/反射法测量射频材料的电磁参数

射频功能材料电磁参数的测量对于微波电路设计和吸波隐身材料的研究具有重要意义。本文基于传输/反射法测量原理,利用矢量网络分析仪和同轴夹具组成的测试系统对聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲醛、铁氧体及介电型吸波材料的电磁参数在10MHz4GHz频段内进行了测算。论证了Nicolson算法中的厚度谐振、多值性和相角跳变等问题,借助网络分析仪的扫频技术解决了多值性的问题,并对系统测量不确定度进行了分析。证明了厚度谐振问题对于高损耗型受试材料不会出现,因此传输/反射法尤其适于吸波材料的电磁参数测试。

用传输线和时域有限差分法计算电缆X射线响应

介绍了时域传输线和时域有限差分两种计算电缆X射线瞬态响应的方法,并利用电缆芯线总电荷以及介质层的电荷分布,结合实验结果,分别给出了时域传输线模型中的电流源和时域有限差分模型中电流密度的计算方法。作为例子,在60 keV单能X射线垂直于电缆轴向辐照的条件下,采用两种方法计算了电缆两端接匹配负载时负载上的电流响应;采用传输线方法计算了不同能量X射线辐照电缆时的芯线负载电流响应。计算结果表明,两种方法计算的电缆X射线瞬态响应是一致的;电缆介质层中存在静电场;X射线能量不同时,电缆芯线负载电流存在最大值。计算中,电缆与X射线的作用采用蒙特卡罗方法计算。

±800kV特高压直流GIL关键技术研究

为了提高特高压直流输电线路走廊选择的灵活性,研究可以替代部分架空输电线路的直流气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(gas insulated metal enclosed transmission line,GIL)具有重要意义。提出了在进行直流GIL绝缘子相关试验时,以带绝缘子的圆柱平板电极替代带绝缘子的同轴圆柱电极的试验方法。结合国外小尺寸电极试验结果,采用麦夸特法拟合得到了考虑表面粗糙度的同轴圆柱电极SF6气体间隙下临界击穿场强估算公式。设计了包含微粒陷阱、微粒驱赶电极和屏蔽环的直流GIL电极结构,并对此进行了电场分布的仿真,结果表明此结构具有抑制金属导电微粒运动的作用。