The reaction of flexible bis(imidazole) ligand and 1,2-bis(imidazol-l'-yl)methane (bimm) with Co(Ⅱ) salt under ionothermal method resulted in the formation of a new coordination polymer {[Co(bimm)3]·...The reaction of flexible bis(imidazole) ligand and 1,2-bis(imidazol-l'-yl)methane (bimm) with Co(Ⅱ) salt under ionothermal method resulted in the formation of a new coordination polymer {[Co(bimm)3]·(PF6)2}n (1). X-ray single-crystal diffraction determination reveals that 1 crystallizes in the triclinic Pi space group, with α = 8.647(6), b = 12.092(9), c = 14.967(1 l) A, α = 88.912(8), β = 81.199(8), ), = 89.395(8)°, V= 1546 (2) A3, Z = 2, Mr = 793.39, Dc= 1.704 Mg/m3,μ = 0.768 mm-1 F(000) = 798, the final R = 0.0626 and wR = 0.1634 for 4319 observed reflections with I〉 2σ(I). In compound 1, the Co(lI) ion is connected to another Co(ll) by two bimm ligands to form 1D double chains which are further linked by bimm ligands to form a 2D wavelike layer. Topologically, the structure of 1 represents a uninodal 2D 4-connected sq1/Shubnikov tetragonal plane net. Moreover, thermogravimetric analyses and photocatalytic property for 1 have also been investigated.展开更多
A new two-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer has been prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Co(C2O4)(bix)]n 1 crystallizes in the m...A new two-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer has been prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Co(C2O4)(bix)]n 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 11.549(3), b = 15.700(3), c = 9.260(2) A, β = 102.984(3)°, V = 1636.0(6) A^3, C16HIaCON4O4, Mr= 383.23, Dc = 1.556 g/cm^3, μ(MoKa) = 1.078 mm^-1, F(000) = 780, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0455 and wR = 0.1286 for 1483 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(I)). Of the compound, the Co center is octahedrally coordinated with oxalate acting as a tetra-dentate ligand coordinated to the cobalt atom and each bix serving as a bridging ligand by employing two N-donors to coordinate with the Co center. An infinite {Co2(C2O4)2}∞ chain is formed along the α axis. Furthermore, the 1D chains are held together via bix ligands to generate a two-dimensional network structure with 1D coronal-like channels (ca. 5.691A × 15.700A).展开更多
The title compound [Cu(bbpy)(H2bptc)]n (bbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and H4bptc = 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2?,3,3'-tetracarboxylic acid) has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, and its structure was d...The title compound [Cu(bbpy)(H2bptc)]n (bbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and H4bptc = 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2?,3,3'-tetracarboxylic acid) has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P1 with a = 11.2831(12), b = 11.6718(13), c = 11.7771(13), α = 105.392(2), β = 108.382(2), γ = 112.397(2)o, CuC28H20N2O8, Mr = 576.00, V = 1222.4(2)3, Dc = 1.565 g/cm3, F(000) = 590, μ = 0.951 mm-1, S = 1.022 and Z = 2. The final refinement gave R = 0.0405 and wR = 0.1142 for 4270 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). The title complex has a 1D [Cu(bbpy)(H2bptc)]n chain structure, in which the extensive hydrogen-bond interactions make the chain more stable. The neighboring parallel chains are further packed into a 2D layer structure via π···π stacking interaction between the pyridine rings of bbpy ligands. Moreover, the adjacent layers are interconnected by the C–H···π interactions to form a 3D metal-organic framework.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer, [Co3 (bta)2(dib)2]·4H2O (1, H3bta=benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid, and dib=1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene), has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by IR spectroscop...A novel coordination polymer, [Co3 (bta)2(dib)2]·4H2O (1, H3bta=benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid, and dib=1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene), has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic system, space group Pī, with a=9.141(2), b=9.667(2), c=13.855(2), α=100.83(3), β=90.81(3), γ=100.94(3)°, V=1179.0(4)3 , C48H46N8O16Co3 , Mr=1167.72, Dc=1.645 g/cm 3 , F(000)=599, μ=1.127 mm-1 and Z=1. The final R=0.0634 and wR=0.1703 for 4291 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(I)). In the title complex, the bta ligand acts as a four-dentate bridging ligand to link up cobalt atoms into a lamellar framework, which are further interlinked by the dib ligands to generate a binodal (3,8)-connected tfz-d net.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer, [Co3(bta)2(dpe)3(H2O)2]·2H2O (1, H3bta = benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid, and dpe = 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene), has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by IR spect...A novel coordination polymer, [Co3(bta)2(dpe)3(H2O)2]·2H2O (1, H3bta = benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid, and dpe = 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene), has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic system, space group P , with a = 9.5687(15), b = 11.2470(17), c = 13.686(2) , α = 78.262(3), β = 89.271(4), γ = 81.292(3)°, V = 1425.2(4) 3, C60H56N6O16Co3, Mr = 1293.90, Dc = 1.508 g/cm3, F(000) = 667, μ = 0.940 mm-1 and Z = 1. The final R = 0.0707 and wR = 0.1413 for 4950 observed reflections (I 2σ(I)). In the title complex, the bta ligand acts as a four-dentate bridging ligand to link up cobalt atoms into lamellar frameworks which are further interlinked by the dpe ligands to generate a trinodal (3,4,6)-connected (4.62)2(42.68.83.102)(64.82) net.展开更多
A novel pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid bridged Co(II) phen complex 2 ∞ [Co- ...A novel pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid bridged Co(II) phen complex 2 ∞ [Co- (phen)(μ-L)3/3]?H2O (H2L = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) has been hydrothermally synthesized, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis shows that it crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 11.480(2), b = 11.885(2), c = 12.939(3) ?, β = 110.55(3)°, V = 1653.1(6) ?3, Mr = 423.25, Dc = 0.425 g/cm3, Z = 4, R = 0.0361 and wR = 0.1011. The title complex consists of 2D 2 ∞ [Co(phen)(μ-L)3/3] layers and crystal water molecules. Each Co atom is octahedrally coordinated by three N atoms and three O atoms to form 2D 2 ∞ [Co(phen)(μ-L)3/3] polymeric layers. Furthermore, such 2D layers are stacked into 3D supramolecular frameworks via Van der Waals’ intermolecular forces, strong and weak hydrogen-bond interactions. The coordination phen and crystal water molecules are resided into cavities of the frameworks.展开更多
A new 3D Cd(II) coordination polymer, [Cd(Hpidc)]n(1, H3 pidc = 2-(pyrid-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxy acid), has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, PXRD, and single-crystal X-ray di...A new 3D Cd(II) coordination polymer, [Cd(Hpidc)]n(1, H3 pidc = 2-(pyrid-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxy acid), has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, PXRD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Fdd2 with a = 22.833(9), b = 25.536(9), c = 7.437(3) A, V = 4336(3) A3, Z = 16, Dc = 2.105 Mg·m-3, μ = 2.025 mm-1, F(000) = 2656, and the final R = 0.0261 and w R = 0.0636. The structure determination reveals that 1 exhibits a rare 3D 3-connected lig net with a point symbol of(82·10). In addition, the solid state properties such as thermogravimetric analysis and luminescence of 1 were also studied.展开更多
A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Co(Ⅱ)(C6H5CH--CHCOOH)2(4,4'- bipy)(H20)5]n has been synthesized with cinnamylic acid, 4,4'-bipy and cobaltous chloride as raw materials. Crystal data for this c...A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Co(Ⅱ)(C6H5CH--CHCOOH)2(4,4'- bipy)(H20)5]n has been synthesized with cinnamylic acid, 4,4'-bipy and cobaltous chloride as raw materials. Crystal data for this complex: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1.1481(3), b = 1.1230(2), c = 1.1759(3) nm, β = 97.054(4)^o, V= 1.5046(6) nm^3, Mr= 617.50, Dc = 1.363 g/cm^3, Z = 2, ,u(MoKa) = 0.627 mm^-1, F(000) = 646, S = 1.062, R 0.0443 and wR = 0.1178. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring cobalt(ID ions are linked together by one 4,4'-bipy, and the whole complex molecule adopts a one-dimensional chain structure. Each cobalt(H) ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from two 4,4'-bipy molecules and four oxygen atoms from four water molecules, giving a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The electrochemical properties were analyzed by combining with the crystal structure.展开更多
A metal-organic coordination polymer {[Zn(Pht)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (Pht = phthalate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR,...A metal-organic coordination polymer {[Zn(Pht)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (Pht = phthalate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Yellow crystals crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P2/n, a = 7.6346(14), b = 11.316(2), c = 10.8133(19) ,A, β = 92.A.A,A.(3)°, V = 933.3(3) A^3, C18H20N2O8Zn, Mr = 457.73, Dc = 1.629 g/cm^3, F(000) = 472, Z = 2,μ(MoKa) = 1.367 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0323 and wR = 0.0821 for 1859 observed reflections (Ⅰ〉 2σ(Ⅰ)). The structure of 1 exhibits a two-dimensional bilayer framework formed by hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, 1 shows yellow photoluminescent property at room temperature.展开更多
The self-assembly of a flexible bipyridyl ligand 2,2?-bis(4-pyridylmethyle- neoxy)-1,1?-biphenylene (4,4?-bpp) with cobalt(II) center gave rise to a one-dimensional chain complex [Co(μ-4,4?-bpp)2(SCN)2?H2O]n 1 which ...The self-assembly of a flexible bipyridyl ligand 2,2?-bis(4-pyridylmethyle- neoxy)-1,1?-biphenylene (4,4?-bpp) with cobalt(II) center gave rise to a one-dimensional chain complex [Co(μ-4,4?-bpp)2(SCN)2?H2O]n 1 which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The polymer crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with unit cell parameters: a = 13.1888(13), b = 24.230(2), c = 15.4218(17) ?, β = 93.291(6)o, V = 4920.1(8) ?3, Z = 4, C50H42CoN6O5S2, Mr = 929.95, Dc = 1.255 g/cm3, F(000) = 1932 and μ(MoKα) = 0.484 mm-1. The final R and wR are 0.0691 and 0.1670 for 3746 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). 1 possesses an infinite 1-D polymeric chain structure consisting of the repeated basic square units Co2(μ-4,4?-bpp)2, where the Co(II) center acts as the joint of the square ring. The Co(II) center is coordinated in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry with four nitrogen atoms from four different 4,4?-bpp ligands in the equatorial plane and two trans thiocyanate ligands occupying the axial positions, preventing the formation of an extended framework.展开更多
A novel manganese coordination polymer [Mn2(sfdb)2(biyb)2(H2O)2]n (1, H2sfdb = 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, biyb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benze) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally cha...A novel manganese coordination polymer [Mn2(sfdb)2(biyb)2(H2O)2]n (1, H2sfdb = 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, biyb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benze) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray determination, IR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 10.138(4), b = 11.187(5), c = 13.582(6) A, α = 69.146(7), β = 89.628(7), γ = 77.076(7)°, MnzC56H48N8O14S2, Mr= 1231.02, V= 1398.5(10) A3, Dc= 1.462 g/cm3, F(000) = 634,μ = 0.600 mm-1, S = 1.088 and Z = 1. The final refinement gave R = 0.0570 and wR = 0.1229 for 4889 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ(I). Interestingly, in complex 1, the sfdb2 and biyb ligands connect the Mn(Ⅱ) ions into two-dimensional 2-fold interpenetrating layers, and such layers are further connected with each other to generate a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonding interaction.展开更多
The title compound {[Mn(H2BPTC)(tpy)(H2O)]·(H2O)3}, (1, H4BPTC = 1,1'- biphenyl-2,2',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid, tby = 2,2':6,2'-terpyridine) has been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction, and ...The title compound {[Mn(H2BPTC)(tpy)(H2O)]·(H2O)3}, (1, H4BPTC = 1,1'- biphenyl-2,2',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid, tby = 2,2':6,2'-terpyridine) has been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 10.971(2), b = 20.776(4), c = 14.332(3) A, β = 109.25(3)°, MnC31H27N3O12, Mr = 688.50, V= 3084.1(10) A^3, Dc = 1.483 g/cm^3, F(000) = 1420, p = 0.498 mm^-1, S = 1.066 and Z = 4. The final refinement gave R = 0.0447 and wR = 0.1103 for 5107 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The title complex has a {[Mn(H2BPTC)(tpy)(H2O)]}, chain structure, and the hydrogen bonding interactions make it more stable. Each chain is further connected to the adjacent ones through π…π, C-H…π and rich hydrogen bonds to form a metal-organic coordination polymer.展开更多
A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Ni2(NIPH)2(bimb)2.5(H2O)] n·3nH2O 1 (H2NIPH = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, bimb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-butane) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurall...A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Ni2(NIPH)2(bimb)2.5(H2O)] n·3nH2O 1 (H2NIPH = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, bimb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-butane) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P4(1)2(1)2 with a = 17.3533(16), b = 17.3533(16), c = 30.802(6)A, V= 9275(2)A^3, C41HagN12Ni2O16, Mr = 1083.34, Dc = 1.552 g/cm^3, p(MoKa) = 0.897 mm^-1, F(000) = 4504, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0383 and wR = 0.0952 for 7343 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)). It exhibits a three-dimensional network structure.展开更多
Two new one-dimensional zigzag chain coordination polymers, [Co(hfipbb)(2,2'- bpy)(H2O)2]n 1 and [Co(hfipbb)(1,10-phen)(H2O)], 2, have been synthesized under hydrother- mal reactions from COCl2.6H20, 4,4...Two new one-dimensional zigzag chain coordination polymers, [Co(hfipbb)(2,2'- bpy)(H2O)2]n 1 and [Co(hfipbb)(1,10-phen)(H2O)], 2, have been synthesized under hydrother- mal reactions from COCl2.6H20, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) and 2,2' -bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that the zigzag chains of 1 and 2 are linked into three-dimensional supramolecular networks by both O-H…O hydrogen-bonds and π…π stacking interactions. Crystal data for 1: CzTHajCoF6N2Os Mr = 641.38, orthorhombic, space group Pnna, a = 9.3820(19), b = 27.366(6), c = 10.106(2)A, V = 2594.8(9)A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.642 g/cm3, F(000) = 1300,/t = 0.752 mm-l, R = 0.0311 and wR = 0.0924. Crystal data for 2: C29H18CoF6N2O5, Mr = 647.38, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 7.7626(16), b = 29.446(6), c = 11.281(2)A,β= 93.98(3)°, V= 2572.3(9)A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.672 g/cm3, F(000) = 1308,μ= 0.757 mm-1, R = 0.0403 and wR = 0.0820.展开更多
A three-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer [Co(IMPAA)2]n(1, HIMPAA =(2E)-3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]acrylic acid) was synthesized with ozagrel and structurally characterized by element analysis, ...A three-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer [Co(IMPAA)2]n(1, HIMPAA =(2E)-3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]acrylic acid) was synthesized with ozagrel and structurally characterized by element analysis, IR, PXRD, TGA and X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is of monoclinic system, space group P21 with a = 5.136(4), b = 25.577(19), c = 8.174(6) A, V = 1078.6(14) A3, Mr = 513.41, Z = 2, Dc = 1.581 g/cm3, F(000) = 686, μ = 0.840 mm-1, S = 1.119, Rint = 0.0637 and w R = 0.1456. In complex 1, four IMPAA- and four Co(II) ions form a S-shaped 52-membered macrocycle [Co4(IMPAA)4]4+. Two carboxlate oxygen atoms link the macrocycles to form a one-dimensional chain. IMPAA- ligands bridge one-dimensional chains to yield a novel three-dimensional metal-organic framework(MOFs). The complex is stable up to 350 ℃.展开更多
A new cobalt(Ⅱ) coordination polymer with the formula of [Co(iqnc)2]n(1, iqnc = l-isoquinolinecarboxylate) has been synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-...A new cobalt(Ⅱ) coordination polymer with the formula of [Co(iqnc)2]n(1, iqnc = l-isoquinolinecarboxylate) has been synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The title coordination polymer represents a two-dimensional layer structure featuring adjacent one-dimensional [Co(iqnc)2]n chains connected with each other by uncoordinated oxygen atoms of carboxylate. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 15.4302(2), b = 5.6743(7), c = 9.2307(1) A, β = 98.459(2)o, V = 799.41(2) A3, Z = 2, S = 1.019, the final R = 0.0346, w R = 0.0876(I 2σ(I)) and R = 0.0477 and wR = 0.1159 for all reflections. In addition, elemental analysis, IR, and magnetism properties are presented.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer [Na2Pd(2,6-pydc)2(H2O)6]n (2,6-H2pydc = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal ...A novel coordination polymer [Na2Pd(2,6-pydc)2(H2O)6]n (2,6-H2pydc = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclirtic system, space group P21/c, with a = 11.962(2), b = 6.5552(13), c = 12.673(3) A, β = 91.72(3)^o, V = 993.3(3) A^3, Z = 2, Mr = 590.68, Dc = 1.975 g/cm^3,μ = 1.059 mm^-1, F(000) = 592, the final R = 0.0211 and wR = 0.0454. In the crystal the Pd(II) ion adopts a distorted four-coordinated square-planar geometry and bonds to two bidentate 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate molecules through caronyl oxygen and pyridine nitrogen atoms. The title complex exhibits a novel three-dimensional network structure.展开更多
The reaction of L-histidine, CdCl22.5H2O and 4,4-bipyridine in methane/water gave rise to a two-dimensional coordination polymer [CdCl2(4,4-bipyridine)] which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction...The reaction of L-histidine, CdCl22.5H2O and 4,4-bipyridine in methane/water gave rise to a two-dimensional coordination polymer [CdCl2(4,4-bipyridine)] which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The polymer crystallizes in the orthorhombic sys- tem, space group Cmmm with a = 12.083(7), b = 11.771(7), c = 3.781(2) ? V = 537.8(6) ?, Z = 2, C10H8N2CdCl2, Mr = 339.48, Dc = 2.097 g/cm3, F(000) = 328 and (MoK? = 2.490 mm-1. The final R = 0.0658 and wR = 0.1398 for 257 observed reflections with I≥2(I).展开更多
A new one-dimensional Ni(Ⅱ) coordination polymer [Ni(L)(cis-1,4- chdc)]n·1.25nH2O has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by using 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2chdc) and 2-(3-fluor...A new one-dimensional Ni(Ⅱ) coordination polymer [Ni(L)(cis-1,4- chdc)]n·1.25nH2O has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by using 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2chdc) and 2-(3-fluorophenyl)- 1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [ 1,10]phenanthroline (L). Crystallographic data for the compound: triclinic, space group Pi with a = 8.777(2), b = 10.662(2), c = 13.799(3) A, a = 89.480(4), β = 73,933(3), γ = 81.980(4)°, V = 1228.2(5) A3, Z = 2, C27H22.50FN4NiO5.25, Mr = 568.70, Dc = 1.527 g/cm3, F(000) = 583,μ(MoKα) = 0.846 mm-1, R = 0.0634 and wR = 0.1465. Neighboring Ni(Ⅱ) atoms are linked by the cis-1,4-chdc ligands to generate a one-dimensional chain structure. The π-π interactions between the L ligands of neighboring chains led to the formation of a two-dimensional supramolecular layer. The elemental analysis, IR spectrum and TG of the compound have been studied.展开更多
A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Cu(phen)(2,4,6-TMBA)2(H2O)]n has been synthesized by reacting 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(Ⅱ) perchlorate and its structure was charac...A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Cu(phen)(2,4,6-TMBA)2(H2O)]n has been synthesized by reacting 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(Ⅱ) perchlorate and its structure was characterized. Crystal data for this complex: tetragonal, space group I41, a = 2.0293(3), b = 2.0293(3), c = 1.3758(2) nm, α =β= γ = 90°, V= 5.6657(13) nm3, Dc= 1.379 g/cm3, Z = 8, μ(MoKa) = 0.815 mm-1, Mr = 588.14, F(000) = 2456, S = 1.047, R = 0.0459 and wR = 0.1053. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring Cu(Ⅱ) ions are linked together by one bridging-chelating 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic group, forming a one-dimensional chain structure. Each Cu(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule, three oxygen atoms from three 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid molecules and one oxygen atom from one water molecule, giving a six-coordinate distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of the complex was also investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(132300410326)the Foundation of the Education Department of Henan Province(13A150801 and 14A150040)
文摘The reaction of flexible bis(imidazole) ligand and 1,2-bis(imidazol-l'-yl)methane (bimm) with Co(Ⅱ) salt under ionothermal method resulted in the formation of a new coordination polymer {[Co(bimm)3]·(PF6)2}n (1). X-ray single-crystal diffraction determination reveals that 1 crystallizes in the triclinic Pi space group, with α = 8.647(6), b = 12.092(9), c = 14.967(1 l) A, α = 88.912(8), β = 81.199(8), ), = 89.395(8)°, V= 1546 (2) A3, Z = 2, Mr = 793.39, Dc= 1.704 Mg/m3,μ = 0.768 mm-1 F(000) = 798, the final R = 0.0626 and wR = 0.1634 for 4319 observed reflections with I〉 2σ(I). In compound 1, the Co(lI) ion is connected to another Co(ll) by two bimm ligands to form 1D double chains which are further linked by bimm ligands to form a 2D wavelike layer. Topologically, the structure of 1 represents a uninodal 2D 4-connected sq1/Shubnikov tetragonal plane net. Moreover, thermogravimetric analyses and photocatalytic property for 1 have also been investigated.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department(201205080)the Science and Technology Research Projects of the Education Office of Jilin Province (No. 2012. 358)
文摘A new two-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer has been prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Co(C2O4)(bix)]n 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 11.549(3), b = 15.700(3), c = 9.260(2) A, β = 102.984(3)°, V = 1636.0(6) A^3, C16HIaCON4O4, Mr= 383.23, Dc = 1.556 g/cm^3, μ(MoKa) = 1.078 mm^-1, F(000) = 780, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0455 and wR = 0.1286 for 1483 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(I)). Of the compound, the Co center is octahedrally coordinated with oxalate acting as a tetra-dentate ligand coordinated to the cobalt atom and each bix serving as a bridging ligand by employing two N-donors to coordinate with the Co center. An infinite {Co2(C2O4)2}∞ chain is formed along the α axis. Furthermore, the 1D chains are held together via bix ligands to generate a two-dimensional network structure with 1D coronal-like channels (ca. 5.691A × 15.700A).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10947162)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 2010A140009)the International Technology Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province (No. 104300510044)
文摘The title compound [Cu(bbpy)(H2bptc)]n (bbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and H4bptc = 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2?,3,3'-tetracarboxylic acid) has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P1 with a = 11.2831(12), b = 11.6718(13), c = 11.7771(13), α = 105.392(2), β = 108.382(2), γ = 112.397(2)o, CuC28H20N2O8, Mr = 576.00, V = 1222.4(2)3, Dc = 1.565 g/cm3, F(000) = 590, μ = 0.951 mm-1, S = 1.022 and Z = 2. The final refinement gave R = 0.0405 and wR = 0.1142 for 4270 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). The title complex has a 1D [Cu(bbpy)(H2bptc)]n chain structure, in which the extensive hydrogen-bond interactions make the chain more stable. The neighboring parallel chains are further packed into a 2D layer structure via π···π stacking interaction between the pyridine rings of bbpy ligands. Moreover, the adjacent layers are interconnected by the C–H···π interactions to form a 3D metal-organic framework.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20971004,21171097)the Key Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education (No.210102)
文摘A novel coordination polymer, [Co3 (bta)2(dib)2]·4H2O (1, H3bta=benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid, and dib=1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene), has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic system, space group Pī, with a=9.141(2), b=9.667(2), c=13.855(2), α=100.83(3), β=90.81(3), γ=100.94(3)°, V=1179.0(4)3 , C48H46N8O16Co3 , Mr=1167.72, Dc=1.645 g/cm 3 , F(000)=599, μ=1.127 mm-1 and Z=1. The final R=0.0634 and wR=0.1703 for 4291 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(I)). In the title complex, the bta ligand acts as a four-dentate bridging ligand to link up cobalt atoms into a lamellar framework, which are further interlinked by the dib ligands to generate a binodal (3,8)-connected tfz-d net.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20971004)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 11040606M45)
文摘A novel coordination polymer, [Co3(bta)2(dpe)3(H2O)2]·2H2O (1, H3bta = benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid, and dpe = 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene), has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic system, space group P , with a = 9.5687(15), b = 11.2470(17), c = 13.686(2) , α = 78.262(3), β = 89.271(4), γ = 81.292(3)°, V = 1425.2(4) 3, C60H56N6O16Co3, Mr = 1293.90, Dc = 1.508 g/cm3, F(000) = 667, μ = 0.940 mm-1 and Z = 1. The final R = 0.0707 and wR = 0.1413 for 4950 observed reflections (I 2σ(I)). In the title complex, the bta ligand acts as a four-dentate bridging ligand to link up cobalt atoms into lamellar frameworks which are further interlinked by the dpe ligands to generate a trinodal (3,4,6)-connected (4.62)2(42.68.83.102)(64.82) net.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Bureau of Jinhua City (No 2003-01-179)
文摘A novel pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid bridged Co(II) phen complex 2 ∞ [Co- (phen)(μ-L)3/3]?H2O (H2L = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) has been hydrothermally synthesized, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis shows that it crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 11.480(2), b = 11.885(2), c = 12.939(3) ?, β = 110.55(3)°, V = 1653.1(6) ?3, Mr = 423.25, Dc = 0.425 g/cm3, Z = 4, R = 0.0361 and wR = 0.1011. The title complex consists of 2D 2 ∞ [Co(phen)(μ-L)3/3] layers and crystal water molecules. Each Co atom is octahedrally coordinated by three N atoms and three O atoms to form 2D 2 ∞ [Co(phen)(μ-L)3/3] polymeric layers. Furthermore, such 2D layers are stacked into 3D supramolecular frameworks via Van der Waals’ intermolecular forces, strong and weak hydrogen-bond interactions. The coordination phen and crystal water molecules are resided into cavities of the frameworks.
基金Supported by the NSRF of Hubei Provincial Education Office of China(Q20141201)the SRASF of Yichang of Hubei Province(A13-302a-02)
文摘A new 3D Cd(II) coordination polymer, [Cd(Hpidc)]n(1, H3 pidc = 2-(pyrid-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxy acid), has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, PXRD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Fdd2 with a = 22.833(9), b = 25.536(9), c = 7.437(3) A, V = 4336(3) A3, Z = 16, Dc = 2.105 Mg·m-3, μ = 2.025 mm-1, F(000) = 2656, and the final R = 0.0261 and w R = 0.0636. The structure determination reveals that 1 exhibits a rare 3D 3-connected lig net with a point symbol of(82·10). In addition, the solid state properties such as thermogravimetric analysis and luminescence of 1 were also studied.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Education Committee of Hunan Province (06C195)the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers of Hengyang Normal University (2006)the construct program of the Key Discipline in the Eleventh Five Year Plan of Higher Learning of Education in Hunan Province
文摘A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Co(Ⅱ)(C6H5CH--CHCOOH)2(4,4'- bipy)(H20)5]n has been synthesized with cinnamylic acid, 4,4'-bipy and cobaltous chloride as raw materials. Crystal data for this complex: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1.1481(3), b = 1.1230(2), c = 1.1759(3) nm, β = 97.054(4)^o, V= 1.5046(6) nm^3, Mr= 617.50, Dc = 1.363 g/cm^3, Z = 2, ,u(MoKa) = 0.627 mm^-1, F(000) = 646, S = 1.062, R 0.0443 and wR = 0.1178. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring cobalt(ID ions are linked together by one 4,4'-bipy, and the whole complex molecule adopts a one-dimensional chain structure. Each cobalt(H) ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from two 4,4'-bipy molecules and four oxygen atoms from four water molecules, giving a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The electrochemical properties were analyzed by combining with the crystal structure.
基金The project was supported by the Education Office of Jilin Province (No. 0047)
文摘A metal-organic coordination polymer {[Zn(Pht)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (Pht = phthalate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Yellow crystals crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P2/n, a = 7.6346(14), b = 11.316(2), c = 10.8133(19) ,A, β = 92.A.A,A.(3)°, V = 933.3(3) A^3, C18H20N2O8Zn, Mr = 457.73, Dc = 1.629 g/cm^3, F(000) = 472, Z = 2,μ(MoKa) = 1.367 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0323 and wR = 0.0821 for 1859 observed reflections (Ⅰ〉 2σ(Ⅰ)). The structure of 1 exhibits a two-dimensional bilayer framework formed by hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, 1 shows yellow photoluminescent property at room temperature.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20231020)
文摘The self-assembly of a flexible bipyridyl ligand 2,2?-bis(4-pyridylmethyle- neoxy)-1,1?-biphenylene (4,4?-bpp) with cobalt(II) center gave rise to a one-dimensional chain complex [Co(μ-4,4?-bpp)2(SCN)2?H2O]n 1 which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The polymer crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with unit cell parameters: a = 13.1888(13), b = 24.230(2), c = 15.4218(17) ?, β = 93.291(6)o, V = 4920.1(8) ?3, Z = 4, C50H42CoN6O5S2, Mr = 929.95, Dc = 1.255 g/cm3, F(000) = 1932 and μ(MoKα) = 0.484 mm-1. The final R and wR are 0.0691 and 0.1670 for 3746 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). 1 possesses an infinite 1-D polymeric chain structure consisting of the repeated basic square units Co2(μ-4,4?-bpp)2, where the Co(II) center acts as the joint of the square ring. The Co(II) center is coordinated in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry with four nitrogen atoms from four different 4,4?-bpp ligands in the equatorial plane and two trans thiocyanate ligands occupying the axial positions, preventing the formation of an extended framework.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21101133)the Natural Scientific Research Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Education Office of China (No. 11JK0565)
文摘A novel manganese coordination polymer [Mn2(sfdb)2(biyb)2(H2O)2]n (1, H2sfdb = 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, biyb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benze) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray determination, IR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 10.138(4), b = 11.187(5), c = 13.582(6) A, α = 69.146(7), β = 89.628(7), γ = 77.076(7)°, MnzC56H48N8O14S2, Mr= 1231.02, V= 1398.5(10) A3, Dc= 1.462 g/cm3, F(000) = 634,μ = 0.600 mm-1, S = 1.088 and Z = 1. The final refinement gave R = 0.0570 and wR = 0.1229 for 4889 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ(I). Interestingly, in complex 1, the sfdb2 and biyb ligands connect the Mn(Ⅱ) ions into two-dimensional 2-fold interpenetrating layers, and such layers are further connected with each other to generate a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonding interaction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 2010A140009) the International Technology Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province (No. 104300510044)
文摘The title compound {[Mn(H2BPTC)(tpy)(H2O)]·(H2O)3}, (1, H4BPTC = 1,1'- biphenyl-2,2',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid, tby = 2,2':6,2'-terpyridine) has been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 10.971(2), b = 20.776(4), c = 14.332(3) A, β = 109.25(3)°, MnC31H27N3O12, Mr = 688.50, V= 3084.1(10) A^3, Dc = 1.483 g/cm^3, F(000) = 1420, p = 0.498 mm^-1, S = 1.066 and Z = 4. The final refinement gave R = 0.0447 and wR = 0.1103 for 5107 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The title complex has a {[Mn(H2BPTC)(tpy)(H2O)]}, chain structure, and the hydrogen bonding interactions make it more stable. Each chain is further connected to the adjacent ones through π…π, C-H…π and rich hydrogen bonds to form a metal-organic coordination polymer.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department (201205080)
文摘A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Ni2(NIPH)2(bimb)2.5(H2O)] n·3nH2O 1 (H2NIPH = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, bimb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-butane) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P4(1)2(1)2 with a = 17.3533(16), b = 17.3533(16), c = 30.802(6)A, V= 9275(2)A^3, C41HagN12Ni2O16, Mr = 1083.34, Dc = 1.552 g/cm^3, p(MoKa) = 0.897 mm^-1, F(000) = 4504, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0383 and wR = 0.0952 for 7343 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)). It exhibits a three-dimensional network structure.
基金Supported by the NNSFC (20701022)the K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Two new one-dimensional zigzag chain coordination polymers, [Co(hfipbb)(2,2'- bpy)(H2O)2]n 1 and [Co(hfipbb)(1,10-phen)(H2O)], 2, have been synthesized under hydrother- mal reactions from COCl2.6H20, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) and 2,2' -bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that the zigzag chains of 1 and 2 are linked into three-dimensional supramolecular networks by both O-H…O hydrogen-bonds and π…π stacking interactions. Crystal data for 1: CzTHajCoF6N2Os Mr = 641.38, orthorhombic, space group Pnna, a = 9.3820(19), b = 27.366(6), c = 10.106(2)A, V = 2594.8(9)A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.642 g/cm3, F(000) = 1300,/t = 0.752 mm-l, R = 0.0311 and wR = 0.0924. Crystal data for 2: C29H18CoF6N2O5, Mr = 647.38, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 7.7626(16), b = 29.446(6), c = 11.281(2)A,β= 93.98(3)°, V= 2572.3(9)A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.672 g/cm3, F(000) = 1308,μ= 0.757 mm-1, R = 0.0403 and wR = 0.0820.
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(No.31060213)the Research Foundation of Educational Department of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ13261)
文摘A three-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer [Co(IMPAA)2]n(1, HIMPAA =(2E)-3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]acrylic acid) was synthesized with ozagrel and structurally characterized by element analysis, IR, PXRD, TGA and X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is of monoclinic system, space group P21 with a = 5.136(4), b = 25.577(19), c = 8.174(6) A, V = 1078.6(14) A3, Mr = 513.41, Z = 2, Dc = 1.581 g/cm3, F(000) = 686, μ = 0.840 mm-1, S = 1.119, Rint = 0.0637 and w R = 0.1456. In complex 1, four IMPAA- and four Co(II) ions form a S-shaped 52-membered macrocycle [Co4(IMPAA)4]4+. Two carboxlate oxygen atoms link the macrocycles to form a one-dimensional chain. IMPAA- ligands bridge one-dimensional chains to yield a novel three-dimensional metal-organic framework(MOFs). The complex is stable up to 350 ℃.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21203160)Education Department Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.12JK0631)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2013JM2013)Special Research Fund of Xianyang Normal University(No.11XSYK204,11XSYK205,12XSYK023)
文摘A new cobalt(Ⅱ) coordination polymer with the formula of [Co(iqnc)2]n(1, iqnc = l-isoquinolinecarboxylate) has been synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The title coordination polymer represents a two-dimensional layer structure featuring adjacent one-dimensional [Co(iqnc)2]n chains connected with each other by uncoordinated oxygen atoms of carboxylate. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 15.4302(2), b = 5.6743(7), c = 9.2307(1) A, β = 98.459(2)o, V = 799.41(2) A3, Z = 2, S = 1.019, the final R = 0.0346, w R = 0.0876(I 2σ(I)) and R = 0.0477 and wR = 0.1159 for all reflections. In addition, elemental analysis, IR, and magnetism properties are presented.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province (2004B30101007) Taishan University (No. Y04-2-02)
文摘A novel coordination polymer [Na2Pd(2,6-pydc)2(H2O)6]n (2,6-H2pydc = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclirtic system, space group P21/c, with a = 11.962(2), b = 6.5552(13), c = 12.673(3) A, β = 91.72(3)^o, V = 993.3(3) A^3, Z = 2, Mr = 590.68, Dc = 1.975 g/cm^3,μ = 1.059 mm^-1, F(000) = 592, the final R = 0.0211 and wR = 0.0454. In the crystal the Pd(II) ion adopts a distorted four-coordinated square-planar geometry and bonds to two bidentate 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate molecules through caronyl oxygen and pyridine nitrogen atoms. The title complex exhibits a novel three-dimensional network structure.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20231020)
文摘The reaction of L-histidine, CdCl22.5H2O and 4,4-bipyridine in methane/water gave rise to a two-dimensional coordination polymer [CdCl2(4,4-bipyridine)] which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The polymer crystallizes in the orthorhombic sys- tem, space group Cmmm with a = 12.083(7), b = 11.771(7), c = 3.781(2) ? V = 537.8(6) ?, Z = 2, C10H8N2CdCl2, Mr = 339.48, Dc = 2.097 g/cm3, F(000) = 328 and (MoK? = 2.490 mm-1. The final R = 0.0658 and wR = 0.1398 for 257 observed reflections with I≥2(I).
基金Supported by the Institute Foundation of Siping City (No. 2009011)
文摘A new one-dimensional Ni(Ⅱ) coordination polymer [Ni(L)(cis-1,4- chdc)]n·1.25nH2O has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by using 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2chdc) and 2-(3-fluorophenyl)- 1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [ 1,10]phenanthroline (L). Crystallographic data for the compound: triclinic, space group Pi with a = 8.777(2), b = 10.662(2), c = 13.799(3) A, a = 89.480(4), β = 73,933(3), γ = 81.980(4)°, V = 1228.2(5) A3, Z = 2, C27H22.50FN4NiO5.25, Mr = 568.70, Dc = 1.527 g/cm3, F(000) = 583,μ(MoKα) = 0.846 mm-1, R = 0.0634 and wR = 0.1465. Neighboring Ni(Ⅱ) atoms are linked by the cis-1,4-chdc ligands to generate a one-dimensional chain structure. The π-π interactions between the L ligands of neighboring chains led to the formation of a two-dimensional supramolecular layer. The elemental analysis, IR spectrum and TG of the compound have been studied.
基金supported by the Foundation of Education Committee of Hunan Province(06C195)the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers of Hengyang Normal University(2006)Supported by the construct program of the key discipline in hunan province.
文摘A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Cu(phen)(2,4,6-TMBA)2(H2O)]n has been synthesized by reacting 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(Ⅱ) perchlorate and its structure was characterized. Crystal data for this complex: tetragonal, space group I41, a = 2.0293(3), b = 2.0293(3), c = 1.3758(2) nm, α =β= γ = 90°, V= 5.6657(13) nm3, Dc= 1.379 g/cm3, Z = 8, μ(MoKa) = 0.815 mm-1, Mr = 588.14, F(000) = 2456, S = 1.047, R = 0.0459 and wR = 0.1053. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring Cu(Ⅱ) ions are linked together by one bridging-chelating 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic group, forming a one-dimensional chain structure. Each Cu(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule, three oxygen atoms from three 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid molecules and one oxygen atom from one water molecule, giving a six-coordinate distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of the complex was also investigated.