Effects of Selenium and Zinc on Renal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Fluoride in Rats

Objective To study the effects of selenium and zinc on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes in rat renal cells induced by fluoride. Methods Wistar rats were given distilled water containing sodium fluoride （50 mg/L NaF） and were gavaged with different doses of selenium-zinc preparation for six months. Four groups were used and each group had eight animals （four males and four females）. Group one, sham-handled control; group two, 50 mg/L NaF; group three, 50 mg/L NaF with a low dose of selenium-zinc preparation （0.1 mg/kg Na2 SeO3 and 14.8 mg/kg ZnSO4 · 7H2O）; and group four, 50 mg/L NaF with a high dose of selenium-zinc preparation （0.2 mg/kg Na2 SeO3 and29.6 mg/kg ZnSO4 · 7H20）. The activities of serum glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, kidney superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） in the kidney were measured to assess the oxidative stress. Kidney cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Results NaF at the dose of 50 mg/L increased excretion of fluoride in urine, promoted activity of urine γ -glutarnyl transpeptidase （ γ -GT）, inhibited activity of serum GSH-PX and kidney SOD, reduce kidney GSH content, and increased kidney MDA. NaF at the dose of 50 mg/L also induced rat renal apoptosls, reduced the cell number of G2/M phase in cell cycle, and decreased DNA relative content significantly. Selenium and zinc inhibited effects of NaF on oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoted the cell number of G2/M phase in cell cycle, but failed to increase relative DNA content significantly. Conclusion Sodium fluoride administered at the dose of 50 mg/L for six months induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and changes the cell cycle in rat renal cells. Selenium and zinc antagonize oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes induced by excess fluoride.

Recovery of nickel,cobalt,copper and zinc in sulphate and chloride solutions using synergistic solvent extraction

A number of synergistic solvent extraction （SSX） systems have been developed to recover nickel, cobalt, zinc and copper from sulphuric and chloride leach solutions by the solvent extraction team of CSIRO, Australia. These in- clude （1） Versatic 10/CLXS0 system for the separation of Ni from Ca in sulphate solutions, （2） Versatic 10/4PC system for the separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, （3） Cyanex 471X/HRJ-4277 system for the separation of Zn from Cd in sulphate solutions, （4） Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, （5） Versatic 10/LIX63/TBP system for separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, （6） Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of cobalt from nickel in sulphate solutions by difference in kinetics, （7） Cyanex 272/LIX84 system for the separation of Cu/Fe/Zn from Ni/Co in sulphate solutions, （8） Versatic 10/LIX63fFBP system to recover Cu/Ni from strong chloride solutions, and [9） Versatic 10/LIX63 system to separate Cu from Fe in strong chloride solutions. The synergistic effect on metal separation and efficiency is presented and possible industrial applications are demonstrated. The chemical stability of selected SSX systems is also reported.

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles towards efficient oxygen reduction for zinc–air battery

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials encapsulating 3 d transition metals are promising alternatives to replace noble metal Pt catalysts for efficiently catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR). Herein, we use cobalt substituted perfluorosulfonic acid/polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer and dicyandiamide as the pyrolysis precursor to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube(N–CNT) encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles hybrid material. The carbon layers and specific surface area of N–CNT have a critical role to the ORR performance due to the exposed active sites, determined by the mass ratio of the two precursors. The optimum hybrid material exhibits high ORR activity and stability, as well as excellent performance and durability in zinc–air battery.

Insertion of Selenium into Zinc Carbon Bond and Application in Synthesis of Arylselenoester

Selenium was inserted into the zinc carbon bond of aryl zinc halides to form corresponding zinc selenoates. They reacted in THF-HMPA with acylhalides to afford the selenoesters in high yields.

INFLUENCE OF ZINC，MANGANESE AND SELENIUM ONSUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN LUNGCANCER TISSUE AND CELL IN CULTURE

In this experiment,the cancer tissues and cells,Which were derived from Lewis lung cancer and A549 lung Cancer cell line,were respectively divided into four groups and zinc, manganese and selenium were respectively added to the medium for 24 hours. The superoxide dismutase activity in the tissues and the cells was estimated. It was found that the SOD activity was enhanced by zinc and manganese and the effect of zinc on SOD activity was superior to that of manganese. We supposed that the enhance of the SOD activity was relative to the activation of the SOD apoenzymes. This experimental result indicated that the inhibitory effect of zinc and manganese on carcinogenesis was achieved by SOD and the elements might be considered a SOD activator.

Effects of Selenium and Cobalt on Germination of Alfalfa(Medicago sativa) at Different Temperatures

Taking No.3 alfalfa(Medicago sativa)as the material,the effects of selenium and cobalt elements on seed germination of alfalfa at different temperatures were studied through germination test.The results showed that selenium and cobalt promoted seed germination of alfalfa,and improved germination potential,germination rate,germination index and vigor index.With the increasing proportion of selenium and cobalt,the numerical value of each index first increased then decreased.The seed germinations in A15 and B12 treatments were the best at 10℃ and 20℃,while those in A1 and B1 treatments were the worst.

Psychotropic effects of aspirin, acetylsalicylate cobalt and acetylsalicylate zinc at various doses

For the first time it is shown that psychotropic action of acetylsalicylates at various doses is manifested as a nonmonotonic dependence having its peaks at therapeutic and ultra-low dose zones. It is discovered that development of effects of aspirin resembles that of acetylsalicylate zinc. Acetylsalicylate cobalt at extremely low doses zone showed the highest antidepressant activity, demonstrating toxicity at high doses. Generally, it is revealed that the use of aspirin and its salts at high doses range causes maximum psychotropic effects development, usually accompanied by side-effects. Therefore, aspirin, acetylsalicylate cobalt and zinc at extremely low doses are recommended for further study as psychotropic medications.

Synthesis and Characterization of Dipeptide Schiff Base Complexes of Copper(Ⅱ), Zinc(Ⅱ), Nickel(Ⅱ) and Cobalt(Ⅱ)

A new Schiff base (LK) obtained from 2, 4, -dihydroxybenzaldehyde and glycly-DL- phenylalanine reacted with Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) to yield new complexes. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, 1H NMR DTA, TG, IR and UV spectroscopy. In these complexes the ligand is coordinated to the metal through its phenolic oxygen, carboxyl oxygen, imino nitrogen and amide nitrogen. All complexes are non-electrolytes and four coordinated with 1:1(metal; ligand) stoichiometry. The probable structure of the complexes is suggested

Study on the Development of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Bread Dough Enriched with Zinc and Selenium

The incorporation of lyophilized lactic acid bacteria in dough formulation is a current trend in bread making in order toachieve quality improvement and extension of shelf life of bread. Another major aspect for today＇s bread making industry is anincrease of the biological value of bread, by addition of mineral substances that are deficient in bread （such as zinc and selenium）.This is an effective approach to combat the existing mineral deficiency in population nutrition. The aim of the present study is toinvestigate the development of lactic acid bacteria in a medium enriched with zinc and selenium. It was found that the addition ofZnSO4-7H20 in an amount of 0.174 g/kg flour and Na2SeO3.5H20 in an amount of 880.28 μg/kg flour （alone and in combination） didnot inhibit the development of lactic acid bacteria used as starter cultures in bread dough formulation. It was found that the growth ofthe lactococcal component of the applied starters is dominant. The results reveal the possibility of obtaining bread with increasedbiological value and improved quality.

Removal of cobalt from zinc sulphate solution using rude antimony trioxide as additive

The process of cobalt removal from zinc sulphate solution using rude antimony trioxide as an additive was investigated. The rude antimony trioxide was produced in treatment of copper and lead anode mud and its main components are antimony trioxide, antimony arsenate and lead antimonate. Using the rude antimony trioxide as the additive of cobalt removal can not only decrease operation cost of purification but also find out a new way for utilization of the rude antimony trioxide. The effects of temperature, dosage of zinc dust, the rude antimony trioxide, copper ion and solution pH on removal of cobalt were studied. And experimental data using the rude Sb 2O 3 as additive were compared with those using Sb 2O 3. The results indicate that using rude Sb 2O 3 as additive, cobalt concentration in solution could be decreased from 24 mg/L to below 1 mg/L under about the same conditions as using Sb 2O 3.

Extraction and recycling technologies of cobalt from primary and secondary resources:A comprehensive review

Cobalt has excellent electrochemical,magnetic,and heat properties.As a strategic resource,it has been applied in many hightech products.However,the recent rapid growth of the battery industry has substantially depleted cobalt resources,leading to a crisis of cobalt resource supply.The paper examines cobalt ore reserves and distribution,and the recent development and consumption of cobalt resources are summarized as well.In addition,the principles,advantages and disadvantages,and research status of various methods are discussed comprehensively.It can be concluded that the use of diverse sources(Cu-Co ores,Ni-Co ores,zinc plant residues,and waste cobalt products)for cobalt production should be enhanced to meet developmental requirements.Furthermore,in recovery technology,the pyro-hydrometallurgical process employs pyrometallurgy as the pretreatment to modify the phase structure of cobalt minerals,enhancing its recovery in the hydrometallurgical stage and facilitating high-purity cobalt production.Consequently,it represents a promising technology for future cobalt recovery.Lastly,based on the above conclusions,the prospects for cobalt are assessed regarding cobalt ore processing and sustainable cobalt recycling,for which further study should be conducted.

The Effect of Hemin and Deferoxamine on Selenium, Zinc, and Iron Levels of K562 Cells

This study investigated contents of trace elements selenium, zinc and iron both in control K562 cells, human leukemia cell line, and cells treated with hemin or the iron chelator deferoxamine cells. K562 cell line was grown in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 25 μg/mL amphotericin B and 2 mM L-glutamine at 37?C in humidified air containing 5% CO2. K562 cells were treated with hemin and deferoxamine from the first day to the fifth day. The trace element levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Treatment of K562 cells with hemin resulted in an increase in the levels of selenium on fifth day compared with first day. No differences were observed in selenium levels of the control group compared with the hemin-induced group. Also there were no significant differences observed in the zinc levels of control cells compared with deferoxamine- and hemin-induced cells. Iron levels of hemin-induced cells were decreased on the fourth day com-pared with the third day. On the third day, iron levels of hemin-induced cells were significantly increased compared to the control group. Our observations suggest that alterations of selenium and zinc levels may play a role in hemin-induction and deferoxamine-inhibition, respectively. On the other hand, iron levels may influence both in hemin-induction and deferoxamine-inhibition of K562 human leukemia cell

A 3D Mixed Zinc-cobalt-organogermanate Built from Ge-O Sheets and Zn/Co-Carboxyl Layers

The assembly of metal ions Zn2＋, Co2＋ and H2E2Ge2O3 ligand under mild hydro- thermal conditions leads to a mixed 3D transition zinc-cobalt-organogermanate framework, Zn0.88Co0.12（E2Ge2O3） （1, E = -CH2CH2COO-）. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, energy- dispersive X-ray analysis, inductively coupled plasma, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogra- vimetric analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compound 1 crystallizes in the chiral space group P212121, with a = 4.9096（5）, b = 8.9031（11）, c = 24.046（3） A, V = 1051.0（2） A3, C6H8Ge2O7Zn0.88Co0.12, Mr = 401.88, Z = 4, Dc = 2.540 g.cm-1,μ = 7.875 mm-1, F（000） = 775, GOF= 1.016, the final R = 0.0324 and wR = 0.0642. The structure ofl is built up by Ge-O sheets with Ge6 rings and Zn/Co-carboxyl layers. It should be mentioned that although the whole E2Ge2O32- ligand exhibits only one kind of coordination mode, it plays two roles in forming the structure： SBU and linker. In this situation, the E group of H2E2Ge2O3 ligand becomes a determining factor for structural dimensionality. In addition, it displays blue-violet emission light and shows high thermostability.

Acid leaching kinetics of zinc plant purification residue

The leaching processes of zinc plant purification residue in sulfuric acid solution were investigated with respect to the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size. A particle size of 75？80 μm was required to leach 99.8%cobalt and 91.97%zinc at 70 °C for 20 min when the sulfuric acid concentration was 100 g/L and the ratio of liquid to solid was 50？1 （mL/g）. The leaching kinetics of zinc plant purification residue in sulfuric acid solution system conformed well to the shrinking core model, and the dissolution rates of cobalt and zinc were found to be controlled by diffusion through a porous product layer. The apparent activation energy values of cobalt and zinc reaction were calculated to be 11.6931 kJ/mol and 6.6894 kJ/mol, respectively, according to the Arrhenius formula equation. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate-controlling step.

Simultaneous determination of trace Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+), Ni^(2+) and Co^(2+) in zinc electrolytes by oscillopolarographic second derivative waves

Simultaneous determination of impurity metal ions in high concentration zinc solution is very important for zinc hydrometallurgy,and the purpose is to establish a method for determining the trace Cu^2+,Cd^2+,Ni^2+and Co^2+in zinc electrolytes at the same time using the second derivative waves of single sweep oscillopolarography.Factors affecting the derivative waves of the ions were researched in a medium of dimethylglyoxime(DMG)-sodium citrate-sodium tetraborate.The results indicated that the interferences of a high concentration of Zn^2+and most other coexisting ions on the determination can be eliminated;when the Cu^2+,Cd^2+,Ni^2+and Co^2+are in the ranges of1×10^-7-3×10^-4,6×10^-7-2×10^-4,2×10^-8-1×10^-5and1×10^-8-3×10^-5mol/L,respectively,the relationships between the peak currents of the second derivative waves and the concentrations are linear;the detection limits to determine the Cu^2+,Cd^2+,Ni^2+and Co^2+are8×10^-8,2×10^-7,6×10^-9and4×10^-9mol/L,respectively.Without any sample pretreatment,the method was used to directly determine the trace Cu^2+,Cd^2+,Ni^2+and Co^2+in actual zinc electrolytes with satisfactory results.The method is simple,sensitive and rapid.

The effects of dietary supplementation with mushroom or selenium enriched mushroom powders on the growth performance and intestinal health of post-weaned pigs

Background There is an urgent need to identify natural bioactive compounds that can enhance gastrointestinal health and promote pig growth performance in the absence of pharmacological levels of zinc oxide(ZnO).The objectives of this study were to:1)compare the effects of mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium(inSeMP)to mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium(orgSeMP)to pharmacological levels of ZnO on growth performance and faecal scores(FS)for the first 21 d post-weaning(Period 1);and 2)compare the molecular and microbial effects of inSeMP and orgSeMP in these pigs on d 39 post-weaning(Period 2).Methods In Period 1,pigs(3 pigs/pen;8 pens/treatment)were assigned to:(1)basal diet(control);(2)basal diet+zinc oxide(ZnO)(3100 mg/kg d 1–14,1550 mg/kg d 15–21);(3)basal diet+mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium(inSeMP)containing selenium(selenite)content of 0.3 mg/kg feed;(4)basal diet+mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium(orgSeMP)containing selenium(selenocysteine)content of 0.3 mg/kg feed.Mushroom powders were included at 6.5 g/kg of feed.Results In Period 1,there was no effect of diets on average daily gain(ADG)and gain:feed(G:F)ratio(P>0.05).The orgSeMP supplemented pigs had a lower average daily feed intake(ADFI)compared to all other groups(P<0.05).The ZnO supplemented pigs had reduced FS compared to the basal and mushroom group,while the orgSeMP supplemented pigs had lower FS compared to the basal group during the 21 d experimental period(P<0.05).In Period 2,there was no effect of diets on ADFI,ADG and G:F ratio(P>0.05).The orgSeMP supplementation increased the caecal abundance of bacterial members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum,including Lactobacillus,Agathobacter,Roseburia,and Prevotella and decreased the abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group,while inSeMP increased the caecal abundance of Prevotella and decreased the caecal abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group(P<0.05).Dietary supplementation with inSeMP increased expression of TLR4 and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene IL10 and decreased nutrient transporter gene FABP2 compared to the orgSeMP group(P<0.05).Conclusion OrgSeMP is a novel and sustainable way to incorporate selenium andβ-glucans into the diet of weaned pigs whilst improving FS and modulating the caecal microbiota.

石灰性土壤小麦籽粒锌硒生物强化理论技术与推广面临的挑战

锌与硒是人类生命活动必需的两种微量元素,摄入不足会引发多种疾病。我国小麦主产区恰好处于锌硒缺乏或潜在缺乏的石灰性土壤地带,籽粒中锌硒含量难以达到人体需求标准,导致缺锌缺硒人口数量庞大,已成为我国严重的公共营养与健康问题。本文综述了小麦籽粒锌硒农艺生物强化措施,强化籽粒中锌硒的分布、安全形态、生物可给性及叶面喷施的应用现状。国内外研究大多认为,在极缺锌土壤上采用土施或土施与叶面喷施锌肥结合的方式是最有效的小麦锌强化策略;而最新研究表明,在我国潜在缺锌的石灰性土壤上,叶面喷施硫酸锌的强化效果远优于土施,在小麦灌浆前期喷施2~3次0.3%~0.4%的Zn SO_(4)·7H_(2)O (喷锌总量约2.5 kg/hm^(2))并添加表面活性剂,可以实现籽粒锌含量达40~60 mg/kg的富锌目标。小麦籽粒中锌含量由外到内逐渐降低,人体摄入最多的中心胚乳部分锌含量最低,故需更为关注胚乳中锌含量及生物有效性,制定胚乳富锌标准。此外,食物中无机态元素毒性较大,生物有效性低,吸收利用效果不理想,而有机态对人体更为安全有效,因此还需明晰强化小麦籽粒中是否将外源无机Zn转化为有机态储存。小麦硒生物强化通过土施或叶面喷施亚硒酸盐或硒酸盐均能实现,由于土施硒肥易受土壤pH、有机质等因素影响,硒肥利用率低,因此,通行的硒强化措施是在小麦灌浆前期,喷施2 0~3 0 g/h m 2的亚硒酸钠或硒酸钠,能够实现籽粒硒含量达0.2 5~0.30 mg/kg的富硒目标。与锌不同,硒在籽粒中分布相对均匀,胚乳中硒占全粒总硒的96.2%~97.4%。同时硒强化小麦籽粒中对人体安全的有机硒占总硒的80%以上,且不同有机硒在人体中的作用不同。虽然叶面单独喷锌或硒的理论技术体系完善且实际强化效果良好,但其经济效益没有充分体现,影响了该技术的应用推广。近年来,将叶面喷施锌硒与“一喷三防”农艺措施相结合的研究不断增多,与小麦实际生产形成有效对接,为小麦锌硒强化提供了可行途径。然而,锌硒与不同农药及多种微量元素共同喷施时多种物质之间的互作效应,叶面喷施进行锌硒生物强化及籽粒锌硒储存的生理及分子机制还未明晰,值得进一步探讨。

有机含钴废渣综合回收锌、钴的研究

针对锌冶炼产出的有机含钴废渣,采用“焙烧→选择性浸锌→浸钴→氯化钴溶液净化→蒸发结晶”工艺综合回收其中的Zn、Co等有价金属的试验研究。该工艺回收有机物钴渣流程简短,易于操作控制,得到ZnSO_(4)溶液和CoCl_(2)产品。焙烧时为了促进有机物的分解和Zn、Co转化为氧化物,尤其是Co转化为Co(Ⅲ)氧化物,对物料进行多次翻动,并保证有足够的空气,使有价金属充分氧化;Zn浸出时要加入氧化剂提高溶液的电位抑制Co的浸出,实现Zn和Co的分离;硫化沉淀除杂需要精确控制溶液pH值,提高杂质去除率和Co回收率。

锌硒配施对水稻汞的阻隔效应

【目的】研究锌硒配施对土壤-水稻体系中水稻富集转运汞的影响,探讨锌硒配施对水稻汞的阻隔效应,为汞污染土壤安全利用提供参考。【方法】选取贵州铜仁碧江区某矿区汞污染土壤,以水稻品种川康优727为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,测定水稻生长发育特征以及土壤有效汞和水稻各器官汞含量。【结果】锌硒配施使土壤中有效汞含量显著降低了45%-75.2%,低浓度硒与锌配施使土壤有效汞含量降低75.2%;锌硒配施使水稻各器官汞降低了15.2%-92.3%,其中,籽粒汞含量的降幅效果最好(87.6%-92.3%)。除高浓度硒和高低浓度锌配施促进了水稻汞从根到籽粒转运外,锌硒配施对水稻富集与转运汞的阻隔效果均优于锌、硒单施,锌硒配施使水稻汞从根到籽粒的富集系数降低了88%-92%,低浓度硒与高低浓度锌配施对水稻汞从根到籽粒的转运系数分别降低了69.2%和61.5%。【结论】锌硒配施对水稻汞的阻隔效应显著,有效缓解了汞对水稻生长发育的毒害作用。

钴锌铁氧体改性生物炭对水中结晶紫的吸附性能研究

染料在生产和生活中广泛使用,导致环境中染料污染问题频发,尤其是水体,对生态系统和人体健康带来潜在危害。生物炭具有来源广泛且符合“双碳”的要求,被广泛用于环境污染治理。但由于原始生物炭的吸附能力差,且缺乏选择性。因此,对生物炭改性是最常用的方法。为了提高生物炭对染料结晶紫(CV)的吸附效果,研究以橙子皮为原料,通过共沉淀-热解法制备钴锌铁氧体改性的磁性生物炭(Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC)。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、Zeta电位仪对改性前后的生物炭进行详细表征。实验结果表明,改性后产生介孔结构,显著增加了材料的比表面积,而且增加了材料的表面正电荷,提高材料的pH适应性,从而促进生物炭对CV的吸附效果。通过批处理实验考察不同实验条件对Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC吸附CV的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行拟合,发现Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC对CV的吸附性能显著提高,去除率可达到99.64%,相较于单独的BC(41.94%)和Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(26.78%)吸附能力显著增强。一级动力学和Langmuir模型更好地拟合吸附过程和吸附等温线。吸附过程是单层吸附,以物理吸附为主,最大吸附量为227.59 mg/g。Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC在pH 5~11都能有效地吸附CV。常见的共存阴阳离子稍微促进Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC对CV的吸附。在自来水和长江水中,吸附效果比纯水中好。这说明该材料具有很好的抗干扰能力。经过5次循环后对CV的去除率仍能达到69.75%。研究为CV污染水体的处理提供一种潜在材料,也为生物炭改性对染料废水的吸附提供一种新思路。