The use of three-dimensional(3D)electrodes in water treatment is competitive because of their high catalytic efficiency,low energy consumption and promising development.The use of particle electrodes is a key research...The use of three-dimensional(3D)electrodes in water treatment is competitive because of their high catalytic efficiency,low energy consumption and promising development.The use of particle electrodes is a key research focus in this technology.They are usually in the form of particles that fill the space between the cathode and anode,and the selection of materials used is important.Carbon-based materials are widely used because of their large specific surface area,good adsorption performance,high chemical stability and low cost.The principles of 3D electrode technology are introduced and recent research on its use for degrading organic pollutants using carbon-based particle electrodes is summarized.The classification of particle electrodes is introduced and the challenges for the future development of carbon-based particle electrodes in wastewater treatment are discussed.展开更多
As a clean and renewable energy source,solar energy is a competitive alternative to replace conventional fossil fuels.Nevertheless,its serious fluctuating nature usually leads to a poor alignment with the actual energ...As a clean and renewable energy source,solar energy is a competitive alternative to replace conventional fossil fuels.Nevertheless,its serious fluctuating nature usually leads to a poor alignment with the actual energy demand.To solve this problem,the direct solar-to-electrochemical energy conversion and storage have been regarded as a feasible strategy.In this context,the development of high-performance integrated devices based on solar energy conversion parts(i.e.,solar cells or photoelectrodes)and electrochemical energy storage units(i.e.,rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors[SCs])has become increasingly necessary and urgent,in which carbon and carbon-based functional materials play a fundamental role in determining their energy conversion/storage performances.Herein,we summarize the latest progress on these integrated devices for solar electricity energy conversion and storage,with special emphasis on the critical role of carbon-based functional materials.First,principles of integrated devices are introduced,especially roles of carbon-based materials in these hybrid energy devices.Then,two major types of important integrated devices,including photovoltaic and photoelectrochemicalrechargeable batteries or SCs,are discussed in detail.Finally,key challenges and opportunities in the future development are also discussed.By this review,we hope to pave an avenue toward the development of stable and efficient devices for solar energy conversion and storage.展开更多
Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs) are emerging technologies to meet the ever-increasing demand for sustainable energy storage devices and systems in the 21 st Century owing to their advantages such as long lifet...Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs) are emerging technologies to meet the ever-increasing demand for sustainable energy storage devices and systems in the 21 st Century owing to their advantages such as long lifetime, fast charging speed and environmentally-friendly nature, which play a critical part in satisfying the demand of electronic devices and systems. Although it is generally accepted that EDLCs are suitable for working at low temperatures down to-40℃, there is a lack of comprehensive review to summarize the quantified performance of EDLCs when they are subjected to low-temperature environments. The rapid and growing demand for high-performance EDLCs for auxiliary power systems in the aeronautic and aerospace industries has triggered the urge to extend their operating temperature range,especially at temperatures below-40℃. This article presents an overview of EDLC’s performance and their challenges at extremely low temperatures including the capability of storing a considerable amount of electrical energy and maintaining long-term stability. The selection of electrolytes and electrode materials is crucial to the performance of EDLCs operating at a desired low-temperature range. Strategies to improve EDLC’s performance at extremely low temperatures are discussed, followed by the future perspectives to motivate more future studies to be conducted in this area.展开更多
Room temperature Na-ion batteries(SIBs) show great potential for use as renewable energy storage systems.However, the large-scale application of SIBs has been hindered by the lack of an ideal SIBs anode material. We s...Room temperature Na-ion batteries(SIBs) show great potential for use as renewable energy storage systems.However, the large-scale application of SIBs has been hindered by the lack of an ideal SIBs anode material. We synthesized MoS2 on carbonized graphene-chitosan(G-C) using the hydrothermal method. The strong interaction between the MoS2 and the G-C greatly improved the electron transport rate and maintained the structural stability of the electrode, which lead to both an excellent rate capability and long cycle stability. The G-C monolith was proven to enhance the electrical conductivity of the composites and served as a matrix for uniformly dispersing active MoS2 nanosheets(NSs), as well as being a buffer material to adapt to changes in volume during the cycle.Serving as an anode material for SIBs, the MoS2-G-C electrode showed good cycling stability(527.3mAh g-1 at100 m A g-1 after 200 cycles), excellent rate capability, and a long cycle life(439.1 m Ah g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 200 cycles).展开更多
Low-Z materials, such as carbon-based materials and Be, are major plasma-facing material (PFM) for current, even in future fusion devices. In this paper, a new type of multielement-doped carbon-based materials develop...Low-Z materials, such as carbon-based materials and Be, are major plasma-facing material (PFM) for current, even in future fusion devices. In this paper, a new type of multielement-doped carbon-based materials developed are presented along with experimental re-sults of their properties. The results indicate a decrease in chemical sputtering yield by one order of magnitude, a decrease in both thermal shock resistance and radiation-enhanced sublimation, an evidently lower temperature desorption spectrum, and combined properties of exposing to plasma.展开更多
Adsorption and the combination of adsorption and photocatalysis are prospective strategies for treating lowconcentrationvolatile organic compounds (VOCs). Behind the adsorption technology of VOC treatments are carbon-...Adsorption and the combination of adsorption and photocatalysis are prospective strategies for treating lowconcentrationvolatile organic compounds (VOCs). Behind the adsorption technology of VOC treatments are carbon-basedmaterials with large surface areas and high VOC uptake. This review summarizes the research progress in carbon-basedadsorbents and adsorbent-photocatalysts for VOC removal. Firstly, the VOC adsorption performances of various carbonmaterials, including activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, biochar, graphene and its derivatives, and carbon nanotubes,are summarized, and the adsorption mechanism of VOCs on carbon materials is analyzed. Then, the VOC adsorptionphotocatalyticproperties of composites comprised of different carbon materials and photocatalysts are presented. Finally,perspectives on the adsorption and adsorption-photocatalysis of VOCs via carbon materials are proposed. This reviewprovides an optimal reference for the research and development of adsorbents and adsorption-photocatalysts of VOCs.展开更多
The urgent demand for high-energy-density storage systems evokes the research upsurge on the alkali metal batteries with high theoretical capacities.However,the utilization of alkali metal anodes,including Li,Na,and K...The urgent demand for high-energy-density storage systems evokes the research upsurge on the alkali metal batteries with high theoretical capacities.However,the utilization of alkali metal anodes,including Li,Na,and K,is significantly hindered by notorious dendrite growth,undesirable corrosion,and unstable solid electrolyte interface.In order to resolve these issues,the carbon materials for the rational design of current collector/host that can regulate the plating/stripping behavior of alkali metal have been exploited.These carbon-based current collectors/hosts are featured with many pivotal advantages,including mechanical integrity to accommodate the volume change,superior electronic/ionic conductivity,large available surface area,and rich functionalization chemistries to increase the affinity to alkali metal.In this review,the recent progress on various dimensional carbon-based current collectors/hosts with different chemical components in stabilizing the alkali metal anodes through the regulation of initial deposition and subsequent growth behavior during plating/stripping process is provided.The nanostructured carbon scaffolds with self-affinity to alkali metals,as well as the carbon frameworks with internal/external affinitive sites to alkali metals,catalogued by various dimensions,are discussed in this review.Therefore,these appealing strategies based on the carbon-based current collectors/hosts can provide a paradigm for the realization of high-energy-density alkali metal batteries.展开更多
Although great accomplishments of functional material synthesis have been achieved in sodium ion batteries(SIBs)recently,there are still numerous challenges and problems in preparing carbon-based materials with porous...Although great accomplishments of functional material synthesis have been achieved in sodium ion batteries(SIBs)recently,there are still numerous challenges and problems in preparing carbon-based materials with porous architectures and enough lattice distance for Na^+insertion.Herein we report a templated strategy to synthesize 3D porous graphene girds(PGGs)consisting of several stacking graphene structure with ultrahigh surface area and hierarchical connected structure by employing Ag nanoparticles(NPs).The Ag NPs will regenerate for decreasing the experimental cost,also in line with principles of green chemistry and environmentally friendly strategy.The PGGs obtain advanced specific capacity of160 m A h g^(-1)at current density of 50 m A h g^(-1).Moreover,112 mA h g^(-1)capacity can be gained at 1 A h g^(-1)during 1000 cycles.Due to their porous architecture,ultrahigh surface area and low amorphous graphited structure,PGGs electrode showed the excellent electrochemical performance in high rate capability.展开更多
Due to their unique properties and uninterrupted breakthrough in a myriad of clean energy-related applications,carbon-based materials have received great interest.However,the low selectivity and poor conductivity are ...Due to their unique properties and uninterrupted breakthrough in a myriad of clean energy-related applications,carbon-based materials have received great interest.However,the low selectivity and poor conductivity are two primary difficulties of traditional carbon-based materials(zero-dimensional(0D)/one-dimensional(1D)/two-dimensional(2D)),enerating inefficient hydrogen production and impeding the future commercialization of carbon-based materials.To improve hydrogen production,attempts are made to enlarge the surface area of porous three-dimensional(3D)carbon-based materials,achieve uniform interconnected porous channels,and enhance their stability,especially under extreme conditions.In this review,the structural advantages and performance improvements of porous carbon nanotubes(CNTs),g-C_(3)N_(4),covalent organic frameworks(COFs),metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),MXenes,and biomass-derived carbon-based materials are firstly summarized,followed by discussing the mechanisms involved and assessing the performance of the main hydrogen production methods.These include,for example,photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen production,release from methanolysis of sodium borohydride,methane decomposition,and pyrolysis-gasification.The role that the active sites of porous carbon-based materials play in promoting charge transport,and enhancing electrical conductivity and stability,in a hydrogen production process is discussed.The current challenges and future directions are also discussed to provide guidelines for the development of next-generation high-efficiency hydrogen 3D porous carbon-based materials prospected.展开更多
Atmospheric water,as one of the most abundant natural resources on Earth,has attracted huge research interest in the field of water harvesting and energy harvesting and conversion owing its environmental friendliness ...Atmospheric water,as one of the most abundant natural resources on Earth,has attracted huge research interest in the field of water harvesting and energy harvesting and conversion owing its environmental friendliness and easy access.The developments of new materials have seen advanced technologies that can extract water and energy out of this long-neglected resource,suggesting a promising and sustainable approach to address the water and energy crises over the world.Carbon-based functional materials have been considered to be indispensable materials for atmospheric water utilization due to their large surface area,excellent adsorption performance,and higher surface activity.In this review,first,we analyze the interaction between carbon-based functional materials and atmospheric water molecular.Then,technologies developed in recent years for atmospheric water utilization based on carbon-based functional materials are reviewed,mainly focusing on atmospheric water harvesting,moisture-enabled electricity generation,and moisture-responsive actuation.Finally,the remaining challenges and some tentative suggestions possibly guiding developments are proposed,which may pave a way for a bright future of carbon-based functional material in the utilization of atmospheric water.展开更多
The demand for electronic devices has dramatically increased in the past few years.Efficient electronic devices require excellent thermal management systems to extend their operation time and prevent heat accumulation...The demand for electronic devices has dramatically increased in the past few years.Efficient electronic devices require excellent thermal management systems to extend their operation time and prevent heat accumulation from affecting performance.Carbonaceous materials are considered as one of the ideal thermal management materials due to their excellent physiochemical stability.In addition,since porous-structured carbon materials typically exhibit outstanding thermal conductivity,low density,and large contact area,they have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry in the last decades.In this review,methods and strategies for the preparation of highly thermally conductive porous carbon-based materials and the factors that influence their thermal conductivity of the materials are summarized.The thermal performance of porous carbonaceous materials fabricated by different approaches and their applications are also discussed.Finally,the potential challenges and strategies for the development and applications of highly thermally conductive porous carbona-ceous materials are discussed.展开更多
The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is a promising way to produce hydrogen,and the use of non-precious metals with an excellent electrochemical performance is vital for this.Carbon-based transition metal catalysts hav...The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is a promising way to produce hydrogen,and the use of non-precious metals with an excellent electrochemical performance is vital for this.Carbon-based transition metal catalysts have high activity and stability,which are important in reducing the cost of hydrogen production and promoting the development of the hydrogen production industry.However,there is a lack of discussion regarding the effect of carbon components on the performance of these electrocatalysts.This review of the literature discusses the choice of the carbon components in these catalysts and their impact on catalytic performance,including electronic structure control by heteroatom doping,morphology adjustment,and the influence of self-supporting materials.It not only analyzes the progress in HER,but also provides guidance for synthesizing high-performance carbon-based transition metal catalysts.展开更多
Carbon-based materials have been extensively applied in photodynamic therapy owing to the unique optical characteristics,good biocompatibility and tunable systematic toxicity.This mini-review mainly focuses on the rec...Carbon-based materials have been extensively applied in photodynamic therapy owing to the unique optical characteristics,good biocompatibility and tunable systematic toxicity.This mini-review mainly focuses on the recent application of carbon-based materials including graphene,carbon nanotube,fullerene,corannulene,carbon dot and mesoporous carbon nanoparticle.The carbon-based materials can perform not only as photosensitizers,but also effective carriers for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy,and its combined treatment.展开更多
As environmental crises such as global warming become more and more serious due to the large amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the burning of fossil fuels,much attention has been paid to carbon neutrality.Hydrogen,w...As environmental crises such as global warming become more and more serious due to the large amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the burning of fossil fuels,much attention has been paid to carbon neutrality.Hydrogen,with zero carbon content,is a clean and renewable energy carrier having a large energy density.It is considered as one of the most desirable alternatives to fossil fuels.Electrochemical water splitting,unlike the steam reforming process accelerating fossil fuels depletion and CO_(2) emissions,can produce H_(2) powered by renewable energy such as solar or wind.As a promising way to promote carbon neutralization,hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is meaningful both in terms of scientific research and practical application.In order to drive electrochemical water splitting with low power consumption,efficient,durable and affordable electrocatalysts with low overpotentials are in urgent need.Therefore,this mini-review briefly introduces the current development status and mainstream obstacles of carbon-based materials used in electrochemical water splitting.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)show great potential in the application of large-scale energy storage devices due to the comparable high operating voltage with lithium-ion batteries and lower cost.Carbon-based materials ...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)show great potential in the application of large-scale energy storage devices due to the comparable high operating voltage with lithium-ion batteries and lower cost.Carbon-based materials are promising candidates as anodes for PIBs,for their low cost,high abundance,nontoxicity,environmental benignity,and sustainability.In this review,we will first discuss the potassium storage mechanisms of graphitic and defective carbon materials and carbon-based composites with various compositions and microstructures to comprehensively understand the potassium storage behavior.Then,several strategies based on heteroatoms doping,unique nanostructure design,and introduction of the conductive matrix to form composites are proposed to optimize the carbon-based materials and achieve high performance for PIBs.Finally,we conclude the existing challenges and perspectives for further development of carbon-based materials,which is believed to promote the practical application of PIBs in the future.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)has important implications for the success of clean transportation in the future.One of the key factors affecting the cost and performance of PEMFC is the cathode electrocataly...Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)has important implications for the success of clean transportation in the future.One of the key factors affecting the cost and performance of PEMFC is the cathode electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to overcome sluggish kinetics and instability in an acidic environment.As an essential component of the electrocatalyst,the support material largely determines the activity,mass transfer,charge transfer,and durability of the electrocatalyst.Thereby,the support material plays a critical role in the overall performance of the electrocatalyst.Carbonbased materials are widely used as electrocatalyst supports because of their high porosity,conductivity,chemical stability,and tunable morphology.Recently,some new carbon-based materials with excellent structure have been introduced,such as carbon nanotubes,carbon nanowires,graphene,metal-organic framework(MOF)-derived carbon,and biomass-derived carbon materials.Combined with a variety of strategies,such as controllable construction of porous structures and surface defects,proper doping heteroatoms,the ingenious design of model electrocatalysts,and predictive theoretical calculation,a new reliable path was provided for further improving the performance of electrocatalysts and exploring the catalytic mechanism.Based on the topic of carbon-based materials for ORR in acidic medium,this review summarizes the up-to-date progress and breakthroughs,highlights the factors affecting the catalytic activity and stability of ORR electrocatalysts in acids,and discusses their future application and development.展开更多
Hollow carbon-based nanostructures(HCNs)have found broad applications in various fields,particularly rechargeable batteries.However,the syntheses of HCNs usually rely on template methods,which are time-consuming,low-y...Hollow carbon-based nanostructures(HCNs)have found broad applications in various fields,particularly rechargeable batteries.However,the syntheses of HCNs usually rely on template methods,which are time-consuming,low-yield,and environmentally detrimental.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),constructed by organic ligands and inorganic metal nodes,have been identified as effective platforms for preparing HCNs without adding extra templates.This review summarized the recent progress in template-free synthesis of HCNs enabled by MOFs and their applications in rechargeable batteries.Different template-free strategies were introduced first with mechanistic insights into the hollowing mechanism.Then the electrochemical performances of the HCNs were discussed with highlight on the structure-function correlation.It is found that the built-in cavities and nonporous for HCNs is of critical importance to increase the storage sites for high capacity,to enhance charge and mass transport kinetics for high-rate capability,and to ensure the resilient electrode structure for stable cycling.Finally,the challenges and opportunities regarding MOFs-derived HCNs and their applications in rechargeable batteries were discussed.展开更多
Carbon materials engineered electrically conductive cement concrete(ECCC)is typically prepared by directly adding carbon-based conductive filler into the cement matrix and then mixing cement with aggregates.With such ...Carbon materials engineered electrically conductive cement concrete(ECCC)is typically prepared by directly adding carbon-based conductive filler into the cement matrix and then mixing cement with aggregates.With such a strategy,ECCC possesses a high conductivity and strain/stress sensitivity and thus can be used for snow and ice melting,ohmic heating,cathodic protection system,electromagnetic shielding,structural health monitoring,and traffic detection.This paper aims to provide a systematic review on the development and applications of ECCC,especially the progress made in the past decade(from 2012 to 2022).The composition and manufacture of ECCC are first introduced.Then,the electrical performance of ECCC and its potential applications are reviewed.Finally,the remaining challenges for future work are discussed.展开更多
Developing high efficient Pd-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is still challenging for alkaline membrane fuel cell,since the strong oxygen adsorption energy and easy agglomerative intrinsic pr...Developing high efficient Pd-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is still challenging for alkaline membrane fuel cell,since the strong oxygen adsorption energy and easy agglomerative intrinsic properties. In order to simultaneously solve these problems, Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C multidimensional materials with porous structures is designed as the ORR catalysts. In details, the ZIF-67 with polyhedral structure was firstly synthesized and then annealed at high-temperature to prepare the N-doped Co_(3)O_(4)carbon-based material, which was used to homogeneously confine Pd nanoparticles and obtained the Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C series catalysts. The formation of Co–N and C–N bond could provide efficient active sites for ORR. Simultaneously, the strong electronic interaction in the interface between the Pd and N-doped Co_(3)O_(4)could disperse and avoid the agglomeration of Pd nanoparticles and ensure the exposure of active sites, which is crucial to lower the energy barrier toward ORR and substantially enhance the ORR kinetics. Hence, the Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C nanocompounds exhibited excellent ORR catalytic performance, ideal Pd mass activity, and durability in 0.1 mol L-1KOH solution compared with Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C and Pd/C. The scalable synthesis method, relatively low cost, and excellent electrochemical ORR performance indicated that the obtained Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C electrocatalyst had the potential for application on fuel cells.展开更多
The resource recovery of heavy metals from effluent has significant environmental implications and potential commercial value.Chromium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in a nitrogen-/phosphorus-doped porous carbon mat...The resource recovery of heavy metals from effluent has significant environmental implications and potential commercial value.Chromium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in a nitrogen-/phosphorus-doped porous carbon matrix(CrP/NPC)are synthesized via a consecutive Cr^(6+)leachate treatment and resource recovery process.Electrochemical testing shows that CrP/NPC shows excellent nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)performance,which yields the highest NH_(3) production rate of 22.56μg h^(−1) mg^(−1)_(cat).and Faradaic efficiency(16.37%)at−0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in a 0.05M Na_(2)SO_(4) aqueous solution,as well as robust catalytic stability.The isotopic experiments using ^(15)N^(2) as a nitrogen source confirm that the detected NH_(3) is derived from the NRR process.Finally,density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the electron deficiency environment of the Cr site can significantly reduce the barrier of the NRR process and promote the formation of intermediate species.展开更多
文摘The use of three-dimensional(3D)electrodes in water treatment is competitive because of their high catalytic efficiency,low energy consumption and promising development.The use of particle electrodes is a key research focus in this technology.They are usually in the form of particles that fill the space between the cathode and anode,and the selection of materials used is important.Carbon-based materials are widely used because of their large specific surface area,good adsorption performance,high chemical stability and low cost.The principles of 3D electrode technology are introduced and recent research on its use for degrading organic pollutants using carbon-based particle electrodes is summarized.The classification of particle electrodes is introduced and the challenges for the future development of carbon-based particle electrodes in wastewater treatment are discussed.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51072130,51502045,and 21905202)Innovative Research in the University of Tianjin(TD13‐5077)+2 种基金Developed and Applied Funding of Tianjin Normal University(135202XK1702)the Australian Research Council(ARC)through the Discovery Project(No.DP200100365)Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA,DE170100871)program.
文摘As a clean and renewable energy source,solar energy is a competitive alternative to replace conventional fossil fuels.Nevertheless,its serious fluctuating nature usually leads to a poor alignment with the actual energy demand.To solve this problem,the direct solar-to-electrochemical energy conversion and storage have been regarded as a feasible strategy.In this context,the development of high-performance integrated devices based on solar energy conversion parts(i.e.,solar cells or photoelectrodes)and electrochemical energy storage units(i.e.,rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors[SCs])has become increasingly necessary and urgent,in which carbon and carbon-based functional materials play a fundamental role in determining their energy conversion/storage performances.Herein,we summarize the latest progress on these integrated devices for solar electricity energy conversion and storage,with special emphasis on the critical role of carbon-based functional materials.First,principles of integrated devices are introduced,especially roles of carbon-based materials in these hybrid energy devices.Then,two major types of important integrated devices,including photovoltaic and photoelectrochemicalrechargeable batteries or SCs,are discussed in detail.Finally,key challenges and opportunities in the future development are also discussed.By this review,we hope to pave an avenue toward the development of stable and efficient devices for solar energy conversion and storage.
基金the Australian Research Council for its support through the Discovery Project scheme (DP190103186)the Industrial Transformation Training Centre Scheme(IC180100005)。
文摘Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs) are emerging technologies to meet the ever-increasing demand for sustainable energy storage devices and systems in the 21 st Century owing to their advantages such as long lifetime, fast charging speed and environmentally-friendly nature, which play a critical part in satisfying the demand of electronic devices and systems. Although it is generally accepted that EDLCs are suitable for working at low temperatures down to-40℃, there is a lack of comprehensive review to summarize the quantified performance of EDLCs when they are subjected to low-temperature environments. The rapid and growing demand for high-performance EDLCs for auxiliary power systems in the aeronautic and aerospace industries has triggered the urge to extend their operating temperature range,especially at temperatures below-40℃. This article presents an overview of EDLC’s performance and their challenges at extremely low temperatures including the capability of storing a considerable amount of electrical energy and maintaining long-term stability. The selection of electrolytes and electrode materials is crucial to the performance of EDLCs operating at a desired low-temperature range. Strategies to improve EDLC’s performance at extremely low temperatures are discussed, followed by the future perspectives to motivate more future studies to be conducted in this area.
基金financially supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under NRF RF Award No. MOE2016-T2-1-131, Tier 1 2017-T1-001-075, MOE2018-T3-1-002
文摘Room temperature Na-ion batteries(SIBs) show great potential for use as renewable energy storage systems.However, the large-scale application of SIBs has been hindered by the lack of an ideal SIBs anode material. We synthesized MoS2 on carbonized graphene-chitosan(G-C) using the hydrothermal method. The strong interaction between the MoS2 and the G-C greatly improved the electron transport rate and maintained the structural stability of the electrode, which lead to both an excellent rate capability and long cycle stability. The G-C monolith was proven to enhance the electrical conductivity of the composites and served as a matrix for uniformly dispersing active MoS2 nanosheets(NSs), as well as being a buffer material to adapt to changes in volume during the cycle.Serving as an anode material for SIBs, the MoS2-G-C electrode showed good cycling stability(527.3mAh g-1 at100 m A g-1 after 200 cycles), excellent rate capability, and a long cycle life(439.1 m Ah g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 200 cycles).
基金The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China No.19789503.
文摘Low-Z materials, such as carbon-based materials and Be, are major plasma-facing material (PFM) for current, even in future fusion devices. In this paper, a new type of multielement-doped carbon-based materials developed are presented along with experimental re-sults of their properties. The results indicate a decrease in chemical sputtering yield by one order of magnitude, a decrease in both thermal shock resistance and radiation-enhanced sublimation, an evidently lower temperature desorption spectrum, and combined properties of exposing to plasma.
文摘Adsorption and the combination of adsorption and photocatalysis are prospective strategies for treating lowconcentrationvolatile organic compounds (VOCs). Behind the adsorption technology of VOC treatments are carbon-basedmaterials with large surface areas and high VOC uptake. This review summarizes the research progress in carbon-basedadsorbents and adsorbent-photocatalysts for VOC removal. Firstly, the VOC adsorption performances of various carbonmaterials, including activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, biochar, graphene and its derivatives, and carbon nanotubes,are summarized, and the adsorption mechanism of VOCs on carbon materials is analyzed. Then, the VOC adsorptionphotocatalyticproperties of composites comprised of different carbon materials and photocatalysts are presented. Finally,perspectives on the adsorption and adsorption-photocatalysis of VOCs via carbon materials are proposed. This reviewprovides an optimal reference for the research and development of adsorbents and adsorption-photocatalysts of VOCs.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(NRF-2020R1A3B2079803)Republic of Korea and SKKU Research Fellowship Program of Sungkyunkwan University,2021.
文摘The urgent demand for high-energy-density storage systems evokes the research upsurge on the alkali metal batteries with high theoretical capacities.However,the utilization of alkali metal anodes,including Li,Na,and K,is significantly hindered by notorious dendrite growth,undesirable corrosion,and unstable solid electrolyte interface.In order to resolve these issues,the carbon materials for the rational design of current collector/host that can regulate the plating/stripping behavior of alkali metal have been exploited.These carbon-based current collectors/hosts are featured with many pivotal advantages,including mechanical integrity to accommodate the volume change,superior electronic/ionic conductivity,large available surface area,and rich functionalization chemistries to increase the affinity to alkali metal.In this review,the recent progress on various dimensional carbon-based current collectors/hosts with different chemical components in stabilizing the alkali metal anodes through the regulation of initial deposition and subsequent growth behavior during plating/stripping process is provided.The nanostructured carbon scaffolds with self-affinity to alkali metals,as well as the carbon frameworks with internal/external affinitive sites to alkali metals,catalogued by various dimensions,are discussed in this review.Therefore,these appealing strategies based on the carbon-based current collectors/hosts can provide a paradigm for the realization of high-energy-density alkali metal batteries.
基金financially supported by MOST (Grant 2016YFA0202500)NSFC (51471089, 51501072)+1 种基金MOE (IRT13R30)111 Project (B12015)
文摘Although great accomplishments of functional material synthesis have been achieved in sodium ion batteries(SIBs)recently,there are still numerous challenges and problems in preparing carbon-based materials with porous architectures and enough lattice distance for Na^+insertion.Herein we report a templated strategy to synthesize 3D porous graphene girds(PGGs)consisting of several stacking graphene structure with ultrahigh surface area and hierarchical connected structure by employing Ag nanoparticles(NPs).The Ag NPs will regenerate for decreasing the experimental cost,also in line with principles of green chemistry and environmentally friendly strategy.The PGGs obtain advanced specific capacity of160 m A h g^(-1)at current density of 50 m A h g^(-1).Moreover,112 mA h g^(-1)capacity can be gained at 1 A h g^(-1)during 1000 cycles.Due to their porous architecture,ultrahigh surface area and low amorphous graphited structure,PGGs electrode showed the excellent electrochemical performance in high rate capability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62004143)the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(No.2020ZYYD033)+1 种基金the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education of Wuhan Institute of Technology(No.GCP202101)the Natural Science Fund of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB133).
文摘Due to their unique properties and uninterrupted breakthrough in a myriad of clean energy-related applications,carbon-based materials have received great interest.However,the low selectivity and poor conductivity are two primary difficulties of traditional carbon-based materials(zero-dimensional(0D)/one-dimensional(1D)/two-dimensional(2D)),enerating inefficient hydrogen production and impeding the future commercialization of carbon-based materials.To improve hydrogen production,attempts are made to enlarge the surface area of porous three-dimensional(3D)carbon-based materials,achieve uniform interconnected porous channels,and enhance their stability,especially under extreme conditions.In this review,the structural advantages and performance improvements of porous carbon nanotubes(CNTs),g-C_(3)N_(4),covalent organic frameworks(COFs),metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),MXenes,and biomass-derived carbon-based materials are firstly summarized,followed by discussing the mechanisms involved and assessing the performance of the main hydrogen production methods.These include,for example,photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen production,release from methanolysis of sodium borohydride,methane decomposition,and pyrolysis-gasification.The role that the active sites of porous carbon-based materials play in promoting charge transport,and enhancing electrical conductivity and stability,in a hydrogen production process is discussed.The current challenges and future directions are also discussed to provide guidelines for the development of next-generation high-efficiency hydrogen 3D porous carbon-based materials prospected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52022051,22035005,22075165,52090032,and 52073159)Tsinghua-Foshan Innovation Special Fund(No.2020THFS0501).
文摘Atmospheric water,as one of the most abundant natural resources on Earth,has attracted huge research interest in the field of water harvesting and energy harvesting and conversion owing its environmental friendliness and easy access.The developments of new materials have seen advanced technologies that can extract water and energy out of this long-neglected resource,suggesting a promising and sustainable approach to address the water and energy crises over the world.Carbon-based functional materials have been considered to be indispensable materials for atmospheric water utilization due to their large surface area,excellent adsorption performance,and higher surface activity.In this review,first,we analyze the interaction between carbon-based functional materials and atmospheric water molecular.Then,technologies developed in recent years for atmospheric water utilization based on carbon-based functional materials are reviewed,mainly focusing on atmospheric water harvesting,moisture-enabled electricity generation,and moisture-responsive actuation.Finally,the remaining challenges and some tentative suggestions possibly guiding developments are proposed,which may pave a way for a bright future of carbon-based functional material in the utilization of atmospheric water.
基金support from the Australian Research Council(FT190100485,DP220100583)University of South Australia.
文摘The demand for electronic devices has dramatically increased in the past few years.Efficient electronic devices require excellent thermal management systems to extend their operation time and prevent heat accumulation from affecting performance.Carbonaceous materials are considered as one of the ideal thermal management materials due to their excellent physiochemical stability.In addition,since porous-structured carbon materials typically exhibit outstanding thermal conductivity,low density,and large contact area,they have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry in the last decades.In this review,methods and strategies for the preparation of highly thermally conductive porous carbon-based materials and the factors that influence their thermal conductivity of the materials are summarized.The thermal performance of porous carbonaceous materials fabricated by different approaches and their applications are also discussed.Finally,the potential challenges and strategies for the development and applications of highly thermally conductive porous carbona-ceous materials are discussed.
文摘The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is a promising way to produce hydrogen,and the use of non-precious metals with an excellent electrochemical performance is vital for this.Carbon-based transition metal catalysts have high activity and stability,which are important in reducing the cost of hydrogen production and promoting the development of the hydrogen production industry.However,there is a lack of discussion regarding the effect of carbon components on the performance of these electrocatalysts.This review of the literature discusses the choice of the carbon components in these catalysts and their impact on catalytic performance,including electronic structure control by heteroatom doping,morphology adjustment,and the influence of self-supporting materials.It not only analyzes the progress in HER,but also provides guidance for synthesizing high-performance carbon-based transition metal catalysts.
文摘Carbon-based materials have been extensively applied in photodynamic therapy owing to the unique optical characteristics,good biocompatibility and tunable systematic toxicity.This mini-review mainly focuses on the recent application of carbon-based materials including graphene,carbon nanotube,fullerene,corannulene,carbon dot and mesoporous carbon nanoparticle.The carbon-based materials can perform not only as photosensitizers,but also effective carriers for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy,and its combined treatment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20200201020JC)Key Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province of China(No.JJKH20211046KJ)。
文摘As environmental crises such as global warming become more and more serious due to the large amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the burning of fossil fuels,much attention has been paid to carbon neutrality.Hydrogen,with zero carbon content,is a clean and renewable energy carrier having a large energy density.It is considered as one of the most desirable alternatives to fossil fuels.Electrochemical water splitting,unlike the steam reforming process accelerating fossil fuels depletion and CO_(2) emissions,can produce H_(2) powered by renewable energy such as solar or wind.As a promising way to promote carbon neutralization,hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is meaningful both in terms of scientific research and practical application.In order to drive electrochemical water splitting with low power consumption,efficient,durable and affordable electrocatalysts with low overpotentials are in urgent need.Therefore,this mini-review briefly introduces the current development status and mainstream obstacles of carbon-based materials used in electrochemical water splitting.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant no.2017YFA0206701)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant no.52025133)+1 种基金the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant no.JQ18005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.22002003).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)show great potential in the application of large-scale energy storage devices due to the comparable high operating voltage with lithium-ion batteries and lower cost.Carbon-based materials are promising candidates as anodes for PIBs,for their low cost,high abundance,nontoxicity,environmental benignity,and sustainability.In this review,we will first discuss the potassium storage mechanisms of graphitic and defective carbon materials and carbon-based composites with various compositions and microstructures to comprehensively understand the potassium storage behavior.Then,several strategies based on heteroatoms doping,unique nanostructure design,and introduction of the conductive matrix to form composites are proposed to optimize the carbon-based materials and achieve high performance for PIBs.Finally,we conclude the existing challenges and perspectives for further development of carbon-based materials,which is believed to promote the practical application of PIBs in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1710256 and U1810115)the Shanxi Science and Technology Major Project(Grant Nos.20181102019 and 20201101016)。
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)has important implications for the success of clean transportation in the future.One of the key factors affecting the cost and performance of PEMFC is the cathode electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to overcome sluggish kinetics and instability in an acidic environment.As an essential component of the electrocatalyst,the support material largely determines the activity,mass transfer,charge transfer,and durability of the electrocatalyst.Thereby,the support material plays a critical role in the overall performance of the electrocatalyst.Carbonbased materials are widely used as electrocatalyst supports because of their high porosity,conductivity,chemical stability,and tunable morphology.Recently,some new carbon-based materials with excellent structure have been introduced,such as carbon nanotubes,carbon nanowires,graphene,metal-organic framework(MOF)-derived carbon,and biomass-derived carbon materials.Combined with a variety of strategies,such as controllable construction of porous structures and surface defects,proper doping heteroatoms,the ingenious design of model electrocatalysts,and predictive theoretical calculation,a new reliable path was provided for further improving the performance of electrocatalysts and exploring the catalytic mechanism.Based on the topic of carbon-based materials for ORR in acidic medium,this review summarizes the up-to-date progress and breakthroughs,highlights the factors affecting the catalytic activity and stability of ORR electrocatalysts in acids,and discusses their future application and development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21931012,22025507,22109052)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515020001)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(202201010703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(21621033)。
文摘Hollow carbon-based nanostructures(HCNs)have found broad applications in various fields,particularly rechargeable batteries.However,the syntheses of HCNs usually rely on template methods,which are time-consuming,low-yield,and environmentally detrimental.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),constructed by organic ligands and inorganic metal nodes,have been identified as effective platforms for preparing HCNs without adding extra templates.This review summarized the recent progress in template-free synthesis of HCNs enabled by MOFs and their applications in rechargeable batteries.Different template-free strategies were introduced first with mechanistic insights into the hollowing mechanism.Then the electrochemical performances of the HCNs were discussed with highlight on the structure-function correlation.It is found that the built-in cavities and nonporous for HCNs is of critical importance to increase the storage sites for high capacity,to enhance charge and mass transport kinetics for high-rate capability,and to ensure the resilient electrode structure for stable cycling.Finally,the challenges and opportunities regarding MOFs-derived HCNs and their applications in rechargeable batteries were discussed.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52278164 and 51878224)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Gant No.2022YFB3706503).
文摘Carbon materials engineered electrically conductive cement concrete(ECCC)is typically prepared by directly adding carbon-based conductive filler into the cement matrix and then mixing cement with aggregates.With such a strategy,ECCC possesses a high conductivity and strain/stress sensitivity and thus can be used for snow and ice melting,ohmic heating,cathodic protection system,electromagnetic shielding,structural health monitoring,and traffic detection.This paper aims to provide a systematic review on the development and applications of ECCC,especially the progress made in the past decade(from 2012 to 2022).The composition and manufacture of ECCC are first introduced.Then,the electrical performance of ECCC and its potential applications are reviewed.Finally,the remaining challenges for future work are discussed.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975129)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190759)+1 种基金Nanjing Forestry UniversityPostgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX21_0337)。
文摘Developing high efficient Pd-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is still challenging for alkaline membrane fuel cell,since the strong oxygen adsorption energy and easy agglomerative intrinsic properties. In order to simultaneously solve these problems, Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C multidimensional materials with porous structures is designed as the ORR catalysts. In details, the ZIF-67 with polyhedral structure was firstly synthesized and then annealed at high-temperature to prepare the N-doped Co_(3)O_(4)carbon-based material, which was used to homogeneously confine Pd nanoparticles and obtained the Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C series catalysts. The formation of Co–N and C–N bond could provide efficient active sites for ORR. Simultaneously, the strong electronic interaction in the interface between the Pd and N-doped Co_(3)O_(4)could disperse and avoid the agglomeration of Pd nanoparticles and ensure the exposure of active sites, which is crucial to lower the energy barrier toward ORR and substantially enhance the ORR kinetics. Hence, the Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C nanocompounds exhibited excellent ORR catalytic performance, ideal Pd mass activity, and durability in 0.1 mol L-1KOH solution compared with Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C and Pd/C. The scalable synthesis method, relatively low cost, and excellent electrochemical ORR performance indicated that the obtained Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)–N–C electrocatalyst had the potential for application on fuel cells.
基金This study was supported by Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds(tsqn201812083)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019YQ20 and 2019JMRH0410)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972147,52022037 and 52002145).
文摘The resource recovery of heavy metals from effluent has significant environmental implications and potential commercial value.Chromium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in a nitrogen-/phosphorus-doped porous carbon matrix(CrP/NPC)are synthesized via a consecutive Cr^(6+)leachate treatment and resource recovery process.Electrochemical testing shows that CrP/NPC shows excellent nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)performance,which yields the highest NH_(3) production rate of 22.56μg h^(−1) mg^(−1)_(cat).and Faradaic efficiency(16.37%)at−0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in a 0.05M Na_(2)SO_(4) aqueous solution,as well as robust catalytic stability.The isotopic experiments using ^(15)N^(2) as a nitrogen source confirm that the detected NH_(3) is derived from the NRR process.Finally,density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the electron deficiency environment of the Cr site can significantly reduce the barrier of the NRR process and promote the formation of intermediate species.