Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secre...Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived exosomes have been discovered and identified, but the identification and function of muscle exosomes, especially porcine fast/slow myotube exosomes, remain unclear. Here, we first isolated and identified exosomes secreted from porcine extensor digitorum longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL), which represent fast and slow muscle, respectively, and further explored their effects on lipid accumulation in longissimus dorsi adipocytes.Results Porcine SOL-derived exosomes(SOL-EXO) and EDL-derived exosomes(EDL-EXO) were first identified and their average particle sizes were approximately 84 nm with double-membrane disc-shapes as observed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the intramuscular fat content of the SOL was greater than that of the EDL at 180 days of age, because SOL intramuscular adipocytes had a stronger lipid-accumulating capacity than those of the EDL. Raman spectral analysis revealed that SOL-EXO protein content was much greater than that of EDL-EXO. Proteomic sequencing identified 72 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between SOL-EXO and EDL-EXO, 31 of which were downregulated and 41 of which were upregulated in SOL-EXO.Conclusions Our findings suggest that muscle-fat tissue interactions occur partly via SOL-EXO promoting adipogenic activity of intramuscular adipocytes.展开更多
Anterior cervical surgery is commonly used for cervical vertebral body lesions. However, the structure of blood vessels and nerve tissues along the route of anterior cervical surgery is complex. We aimed to measure th...Anterior cervical surgery is commonly used for cervical vertebral body lesions. However, the structure of blood vessels and nerve tissues along the route of anterior cervical surgery is complex. We aimed to measure the data of the longus colli, the sympathetic trunk and the cervical sympathetic trunk （CST） ganglia in Chinese cadaver speci- mens. A total of 32 adult cadavers were studied. We delineated the surgical anatomy of the CST. The superior and inferior/cervicothoracic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk consistently appeared. The middle ganglion was observed in 28.1% of the specimens and there were 2 cases of unilateral double middle cervical ganglia. The inferior ganglion was observed in 25.0% of the specimens and the cervicothoracic ganglion was observed in the remaining speci- mens. The distance between the CST gradually decreased from the top to the bottom, and the distance between the medial edges of the longus colli gradually broadened from the top down. The average angle between the bilat- eral CST and the midline of the vertebra was 11.2°± 1.8° on the left side and 10.3°± 1.4° on the right side. The average angle between the medial margins of longus colli of both sides was 11.1°± 1.9°. The CST is at high risk when LC muscle is cut transversely or is dragged heavily, especially at the levels of C6 and C7. Awareness of the regional anatomy of the CST could help surgeons to identify and preserve it during anterior cervical surgeries.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peroneal tendinopathies are an under-diagnosed and potentially under-treated pathology. If left untreated it can be a cause of chronic lateral hindfoot pain. Its diagnosis is challenging owing to its low in...BACKGROUND Peroneal tendinopathies are an under-diagnosed and potentially under-treated pathology. If left untreated it can be a cause of chronic lateral hindfoot pain. Its diagnosis is challenging owing to its low incidence and vague clinical presentation.CASE SUMMARY We share a case of a patient who experienced a chronic lateral ankle pain exacerbated after alighting from a bus. This patient came to our attention only after failing conservative management on two separate occasions. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed rupture of the peroneus longus tendon(PLT). Findings were confirmed intra-operatively and tenodesis of the PLT to the peroneus brevis was performed. Patient was kept non-weight-bear with his foot everted and in plantarflexion before being converted to an offloading boot at two weeks. Patient was started on a progressive rehabilitation programme at six weeks and was able to return to work shortly after with excellent outcomes.CONCLUSION We aim to share our experience in managing this patient and propose some pointers guided by available literature to avoid missing this commonly overlooked pathology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peroneal tendon disorders are common causes of lateral hindfoot pain.However,total rupture of the peroneal longus tendon is rare.Surgical treatment for this condition is usually a side-to-side tenodesis of ...BACKGROUND Peroneal tendon disorders are common causes of lateral hindfoot pain.However,total rupture of the peroneal longus tendon is rare.Surgical treatment for this condition is usually a side-to-side tenodesis of the peroneal longus tendon to the peroneal brevis tendon.While the traditional procedure involves a long lateral curved incision,this approach is associated with damage to the lateral soft tissues(up to 24%incidence).CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old female had developed pain at the lateral aspect of the hindfoot 1 mo after an ankle sprain while walking in the street.Previous treatments were anti-inflammatory drugs,ice,rest and Cam-walker boot.At physical exam,there was pain and swelling over the course of the peroneal tendons.Ankle instability and cavovarus foot deformity were ruled out.Eversion strength was weak(4/5).Imaging showed complete rupture of the peroneal longus tendon associated with a sharp hypertrophic peroneal tubercle.Surgical repair was indicated after failure of conservative treatment(physiotherapy,rest,analgesics,and ankle stabilizer).A less invasive approach was performed for peroneal longus tendon debridement and side-to-side tenodesis to the adjacent peroneal brevis tendon,with successful clinical and functional outcomes.CONCLUSION Peroneus longus tendon tenodesis can be performed through a less invasive approach with preservation of the lateral soft tissue integrity.展开更多
Although the flexor pollicis longus is known to show the additional head of the origin, the occurrence of its additional tendons in the carpal tunnel are seldom reported. The presence of such additional tendons in the...Although the flexor pollicis longus is known to show the additional head of the origin, the occurrence of its additional tendons in the carpal tunnel are seldom reported. The presence of such additional tendons in the carpal tunnel cannot be overlooked during the radiological and surgical procedures in this region. Herein, we report a rare case of additional muscle belly of flexor pollicis longus. The additional muscle belly after a short course divided into three tendons. All three tendons entered the carpal tunnel along with flexor pollicis longus, passing deep to the flexor retinaculum. Within the carpal tunnel, two of these tendons fused and terminated by merging with the undersurface of the flexor retinaculum. The third tendon terminated by joining the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon for the index finger, in the palm. An additional slip of the first lumbrical muscle took origin from the third tendon of the additional muscle belly of flexor pollicis longus. Further, the embryological basis and clinical significance of current case is discussed.展开更多
We are reporting a case of extensor pollicis longus tendon rupture which did not require tendon transfer owing to the ability of the intact extensor pollicis brevis(EPB) to fully hyperextend the thumb interphalangeal ...We are reporting a case of extensor pollicis longus tendon rupture which did not require tendon transfer owing to the ability of the intact extensor pollicis brevis(EPB) to fully hyperextend the thumb interphalangeal joint. The thumb metacarpophalangeal joint was also able to be fully actively extended by the EPB. Previous anatomical studies have demonstrated that the insertional anatomy of the EPB tendon is highly variable and sometimes inserts onto the extensor hood and distal phalanx, which is likely the mechanism by which our patient was able to fully extend the thumb interphalangeal joint. Despite the potential for the EPB to extend the IP joint of the thumb, virtually all previously reported cases of extensor pollicis longus(EPL) tendon rupture had deficits of thumb IP extension requiring tendon transfer. This case highlights the potential ability of the EPB tendon to completely substitute for the function of the EPL tendon in providing thumb IP joint extension.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272847, U22A20516)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2022ZDLNY01-04)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-35)。
文摘Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived exosomes have been discovered and identified, but the identification and function of muscle exosomes, especially porcine fast/slow myotube exosomes, remain unclear. Here, we first isolated and identified exosomes secreted from porcine extensor digitorum longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL), which represent fast and slow muscle, respectively, and further explored their effects on lipid accumulation in longissimus dorsi adipocytes.Results Porcine SOL-derived exosomes(SOL-EXO) and EDL-derived exosomes(EDL-EXO) were first identified and their average particle sizes were approximately 84 nm with double-membrane disc-shapes as observed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the intramuscular fat content of the SOL was greater than that of the EDL at 180 days of age, because SOL intramuscular adipocytes had a stronger lipid-accumulating capacity than those of the EDL. Raman spectral analysis revealed that SOL-EXO protein content was much greater than that of EDL-EXO. Proteomic sequencing identified 72 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between SOL-EXO and EDL-EXO, 31 of which were downregulated and 41 of which were upregulated in SOL-EXO.Conclusions Our findings suggest that muscle-fat tissue interactions occur partly via SOL-EXO promoting adipogenic activity of intramuscular adipocytes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 81171694, 81371968,81401791)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education institution
文摘Anterior cervical surgery is commonly used for cervical vertebral body lesions. However, the structure of blood vessels and nerve tissues along the route of anterior cervical surgery is complex. We aimed to measure the data of the longus colli, the sympathetic trunk and the cervical sympathetic trunk （CST） ganglia in Chinese cadaver speci- mens. A total of 32 adult cadavers were studied. We delineated the surgical anatomy of the CST. The superior and inferior/cervicothoracic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk consistently appeared. The middle ganglion was observed in 28.1% of the specimens and there were 2 cases of unilateral double middle cervical ganglia. The inferior ganglion was observed in 25.0% of the specimens and the cervicothoracic ganglion was observed in the remaining speci- mens. The distance between the CST gradually decreased from the top to the bottom, and the distance between the medial edges of the longus colli gradually broadened from the top down. The average angle between the bilat- eral CST and the midline of the vertebra was 11.2°± 1.8° on the left side and 10.3°± 1.4° on the right side. The average angle between the medial margins of longus colli of both sides was 11.1°± 1.9°. The CST is at high risk when LC muscle is cut transversely or is dragged heavily, especially at the levels of C6 and C7. Awareness of the regional anatomy of the CST could help surgeons to identify and preserve it during anterior cervical surgeries.
文摘BACKGROUND Peroneal tendinopathies are an under-diagnosed and potentially under-treated pathology. If left untreated it can be a cause of chronic lateral hindfoot pain. Its diagnosis is challenging owing to its low incidence and vague clinical presentation.CASE SUMMARY We share a case of a patient who experienced a chronic lateral ankle pain exacerbated after alighting from a bus. This patient came to our attention only after failing conservative management on two separate occasions. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed rupture of the peroneus longus tendon(PLT). Findings were confirmed intra-operatively and tenodesis of the PLT to the peroneus brevis was performed. Patient was kept non-weight-bear with his foot everted and in plantarflexion before being converted to an offloading boot at two weeks. Patient was started on a progressive rehabilitation programme at six weeks and was able to return to work shortly after with excellent outcomes.CONCLUSION We aim to share our experience in managing this patient and propose some pointers guided by available literature to avoid missing this commonly overlooked pathology.
文摘BACKGROUND Peroneal tendon disorders are common causes of lateral hindfoot pain.However,total rupture of the peroneal longus tendon is rare.Surgical treatment for this condition is usually a side-to-side tenodesis of the peroneal longus tendon to the peroneal brevis tendon.While the traditional procedure involves a long lateral curved incision,this approach is associated with damage to the lateral soft tissues(up to 24%incidence).CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old female had developed pain at the lateral aspect of the hindfoot 1 mo after an ankle sprain while walking in the street.Previous treatments were anti-inflammatory drugs,ice,rest and Cam-walker boot.At physical exam,there was pain and swelling over the course of the peroneal tendons.Ankle instability and cavovarus foot deformity were ruled out.Eversion strength was weak(4/5).Imaging showed complete rupture of the peroneal longus tendon associated with a sharp hypertrophic peroneal tubercle.Surgical repair was indicated after failure of conservative treatment(physiotherapy,rest,analgesics,and ankle stabilizer).A less invasive approach was performed for peroneal longus tendon debridement and side-to-side tenodesis to the adjacent peroneal brevis tendon,with successful clinical and functional outcomes.CONCLUSION Peroneus longus tendon tenodesis can be performed through a less invasive approach with preservation of the lateral soft tissue integrity.
文摘Although the flexor pollicis longus is known to show the additional head of the origin, the occurrence of its additional tendons in the carpal tunnel are seldom reported. The presence of such additional tendons in the carpal tunnel cannot be overlooked during the radiological and surgical procedures in this region. Herein, we report a rare case of additional muscle belly of flexor pollicis longus. The additional muscle belly after a short course divided into three tendons. All three tendons entered the carpal tunnel along with flexor pollicis longus, passing deep to the flexor retinaculum. Within the carpal tunnel, two of these tendons fused and terminated by merging with the undersurface of the flexor retinaculum. The third tendon terminated by joining the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon for the index finger, in the palm. An additional slip of the first lumbrical muscle took origin from the third tendon of the additional muscle belly of flexor pollicis longus. Further, the embryological basis and clinical significance of current case is discussed.
文摘We are reporting a case of extensor pollicis longus tendon rupture which did not require tendon transfer owing to the ability of the intact extensor pollicis brevis(EPB) to fully hyperextend the thumb interphalangeal joint. The thumb metacarpophalangeal joint was also able to be fully actively extended by the EPB. Previous anatomical studies have demonstrated that the insertional anatomy of the EPB tendon is highly variable and sometimes inserts onto the extensor hood and distal phalanx, which is likely the mechanism by which our patient was able to fully extend the thumb interphalangeal joint. Despite the potential for the EPB to extend the IP joint of the thumb, virtually all previously reported cases of extensor pollicis longus(EPL) tendon rupture had deficits of thumb IP extension requiring tendon transfer. This case highlights the potential ability of the EPB tendon to completely substitute for the function of the EPL tendon in providing thumb IP joint extension.
