Release programs to enhance stocks of ark shell(Anadara broughtonii) have been undertaken in a number of Asian countries,but their effectiveness has rarely been investigated owing to a lack of marking methods.The qual...Release programs to enhance stocks of ark shell(Anadara broughtonii) have been undertaken in a number of Asian countries,but their effectiveness has rarely been investigated owing to a lack of marking methods.The quality and longevity of fluorescent markers,alizarin red S(ARS) and calcein(CAL)(200 and 300 mg/L),as well as clip tags,were tested on juvenile A.broughtonii.No significant differences in survival or shell growth were observed in juveniles stained with either of the two fluorochromes after a 160-day culture period,but the retention rate was 100%after 1 year.Fluorescent marks(>grade 3) were observable microscopically in juveniles stained with the two fluorochromes,and some fluorescent marks(>grade 4) were visible with the naked eye after 1 year.ARS-marked shells were brighter than those marked with CAL,and shells marked with 300 mg/L of the fluorochromes were easier to detect than those marked with 200 mg/L.Clip tags were incorporated into the shell as the bivalve grew,and the retention rate was64.25%after 160 days.Significant differences in survival(at 30 days),shell length(at 60,90,120,and 160days),and wet weight(at 90,120,and 160 days) were observed between the clip-tagged and control groups(all P<0.05),indicating that the tags may have passive effects on the ark shell.The results suggest that both ARS and CAL are suitable to mark A.broughtonii for large-scale restocking programs,and that optimal marking quality was achieved with 300 mg/L ARS.Lighter and smaller clip tags need to be developed to reduce injury and increase survival rate of clams.展开更多
Anadara broughtonii is one of the main commercially important species of shellfish in northern China.A.broughtonii lives in relatively stable subtidal zone where the clam could respond to environmental changes with mi...Anadara broughtonii is one of the main commercially important species of shellfish in northern China.A.broughtonii lives in relatively stable subtidal zone where the clam could respond to environmental changes with minimum energy.Therefore,slight fluctuations in water environment may have a great impact on physiological processes such as feeding and metabolism.Large-scale mortality often occurs during the intermediate rearing processes,and high temperatures in summer are considered the leading cause of mortality.To understand the physiological and molecular response patterns of A.broughtonii at high temperatures and to estimate the appropriate metabolism temperature for A.broughtonii,the effects of temperature on the respiratory metabolism and food intake at different growth stages were studied.The response patterns of heat shock protein genes to heat stress and post-stress recovery were also explored.Results show that the temperature and growth stage of A.broughtonii were two important factors affecting metabolism and feeding.The optimum temperature for feeding and physiological activities in each shell-length group was 24℃.The temperature at which the peak metabolic rate occurred in each shell-length group increased with the increase in shell length.With the increase in heat stress,the expression of three heat shock protein genes(Abhsp60,Abhsp70,and Abhsp90)in the tissues of two size groups of A.broughtonii increased significantly when temperature was above 24℃and reached a peak at 30℃.After heat shock at 30℃for 2 h,the expression of the three heat shock protein genes rapidly increased,peaked at 2 h after the heat shock,and then gradually decreased to the level of the control group at 48 h after the heat shock.The three heat shock protein genes respond rapidly to heat stress and can be used as indicators to the cellular stress response in A.broughtonii under an environmental stress.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003068)the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(No.201305043)
文摘Release programs to enhance stocks of ark shell(Anadara broughtonii) have been undertaken in a number of Asian countries,but their effectiveness has rarely been investigated owing to a lack of marking methods.The quality and longevity of fluorescent markers,alizarin red S(ARS) and calcein(CAL)(200 and 300 mg/L),as well as clip tags,were tested on juvenile A.broughtonii.No significant differences in survival or shell growth were observed in juveniles stained with either of the two fluorochromes after a 160-day culture period,but the retention rate was 100%after 1 year.Fluorescent marks(>grade 3) were observable microscopically in juveniles stained with the two fluorochromes,and some fluorescent marks(>grade 4) were visible with the naked eye after 1 year.ARS-marked shells were brighter than those marked with CAL,and shells marked with 300 mg/L of the fluorochromes were easier to detect than those marked with 200 mg/L.Clip tags were incorporated into the shell as the bivalve grew,and the retention rate was64.25%after 160 days.Significant differences in survival(at 30 days),shell length(at 60,90,120,and 160days),and wet weight(at 90,120,and 160 days) were observed between the clip-tagged and control groups(all P<0.05),indicating that the tags may have passive effects on the ark shell.The results suggest that both ARS and CAL are suitable to mark A.broughtonii for large-scale restocking programs,and that optimal marking quality was achieved with 300 mg/L ARS.Lighter and smaller clip tags need to be developed to reduce injury and increase survival rate of clams.
基金Supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018SDKJ0501-4)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2019YFD0901303)。
文摘Anadara broughtonii is one of the main commercially important species of shellfish in northern China.A.broughtonii lives in relatively stable subtidal zone where the clam could respond to environmental changes with minimum energy.Therefore,slight fluctuations in water environment may have a great impact on physiological processes such as feeding and metabolism.Large-scale mortality often occurs during the intermediate rearing processes,and high temperatures in summer are considered the leading cause of mortality.To understand the physiological and molecular response patterns of A.broughtonii at high temperatures and to estimate the appropriate metabolism temperature for A.broughtonii,the effects of temperature on the respiratory metabolism and food intake at different growth stages were studied.The response patterns of heat shock protein genes to heat stress and post-stress recovery were also explored.Results show that the temperature and growth stage of A.broughtonii were two important factors affecting metabolism and feeding.The optimum temperature for feeding and physiological activities in each shell-length group was 24℃.The temperature at which the peak metabolic rate occurred in each shell-length group increased with the increase in shell length.With the increase in heat stress,the expression of three heat shock protein genes(Abhsp60,Abhsp70,and Abhsp90)in the tissues of two size groups of A.broughtonii increased significantly when temperature was above 24℃and reached a peak at 30℃.After heat shock at 30℃for 2 h,the expression of the three heat shock protein genes rapidly increased,peaked at 2 h after the heat shock,and then gradually decreased to the level of the control group at 48 h after the heat shock.The three heat shock protein genes respond rapidly to heat stress and can be used as indicators to the cellular stress response in A.broughtonii under an environmental stress.
