COCKPIT-PLUS:A proposed method for rapid groundwater vulnerability-driven land use zoning in tropical cockpit karst areas

Karst groundwater is highly vulnerable to contamination,which urges better land use zoning.This paper proposes a new approach,called COCKPIT-PLUS,to minimize groundwater contamination within cockpit karst regions.The method employed four parameters:P(the existence of ponor/swallow hole),L(lineament density),U(sinking stream to an underground river),and S(distance to spring/pumping site).These parameters are essential for identifying contaminant pathways and transport from the surface to the karst groundwater/springs.COCKPIT-PLUS has been developed and validated in the Gunungsewu karst in Java,Indonesia.This research considers a cockpit as a single hydrological unit that uniquely recharges karst groundwater.We analyzed 2,811 cockpits and 81 other closed depressions to develop a land use planning map.The research used the time to first arrival(Ta),time to peak(Tp),and Q_(max/min)ratio parameters of two karst springs and two underground pumping sites for validation.Cockpits with ponors/swallow holes,sinking streams,high lineament density,and short distances to springs are vulnerable to groundwater and thus must be restricted areas for any land uses.The findings show that though the COCKPIT-PLUS uses a limited karst dataset,the proposed method seems reliable enough for a rapid land-use zoning approach in cockpit karst areas.

Information Coding for Cockpit Human-machine Interface

Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft, and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification. At present, related researches are mainly performed in the laboratory, and the experiment method for abstract simulation is often used to research single digit information coding. The research results demonstrate a lack of systematization and applicability. The present study is based upon information coding methods of human-machine interface under real time in flight simulators. Subjects are required to perform an aircraft landing and the corresponding experiment task. The correct rate and reaction time are chosen as the performance evaluation indexes, combined with eye movement data. The advantages and disadvantages of different information coding methods are also evaluated and analyzed. The experiment results demonstrate that the effect of color coding on the correct rate of information identification is not significant, but the effect on the speed of information identification is obviously significant. The study demonstrates that on a black background, red, green and yellow are suitable colors for color coding, but blue is not. The position of information on the performance of information identification is also significant. The center of the interface is better than the edge, and the left position is superior to the right. The impact of language and a person＇s mother tongue should also be considered in practical applications. The study shows that the Chinese has a higher correct rate of identification than English. As the experiment research method in the present study is based on flight simulator, the actual utility and application value can be guaranteed. The research results have the ability to offer improvements in ergonomic reference for cockpit human-machine interface design.

Consensus intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making method for aircraft cockpit display and control system evaluation

A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.

Transmission of Meteorological Information to a Cockpit and Application of ADS-B

Unpredictable meteorological information, especially that endangers flight safety, should be transmitted to a cockpit to make a flight crew obtain meteorological early warning that affects flight safety as soon as possible and adopt countermeasures, thereby avoiding the occurrence of flight safety accidents. At present, there are limited ways of transmitting meteorological information to a cockpit, and the application of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast （ADS-B） is a new way of transmitting meteorological information to a cockpit.

CFD-Based Evaluation of Flowand Temperature Characteristics of Airflow in an Aircraft Cockpit

The rational design of airflow distribution is of great importance for comfort and energy conservation.Several numerical investigations of flow and temperature characteristics in cockpits have been performed to study the distinct airflow distribution.This study developed the coupled heat transfer model of radiation,convection,and heat conduction for the cockpit flight environment.A three-dimensional physical model was created and a shear stress transfer(SST)k-w turbulence model was well verified with a high prediction accuracy of 91%for the experimental data.The strong inhomogeneous flow and temperature distribution were captured for various initial operating conditions(inlet temperature,inlet pressure,and gravitational acceleration).The results indicated that the common feature of the flow field was stable in the middle part of the cockpit,while the temperature field showed a large temperature gradient near the cockpit’s top region.It was also found that there was remarkable consistency in the distributed features,regardless of the applied initial operating conditions.Additionally,the mass flux and the top heat source greatly affected the flow and temperature characteristics.This study suggests that an optimized operating condition does exist and that this condition makes the flow and temperature field more stable in the cockpit.The corresponding results can provide necessary theoretical guidance for the further design of the cockpit structure.

The Immersive Cockpit System for Capturing Natural Heritage

When the damage to a natural heritage is unavoidable, recording the natural heritage before damage may be the only way we can achieve to preserve the heritage in digital format. In this paper, we introduce a video-based tele-immersive system, called the Immersive Cockpit. It captures live videos from the interested site and recreates an immersive environment at the remote site where the user situates. With this system, users/audiences can immerse into the recreated natural heritage even the heritage no longer exists. The design goals of our system are real-time, live, low-cost and scalable. We stitch multiple video streams captured from ordinary CCD cameras to generate a panoramic video. To avoid being blocked by the supporting frame, we allow a flexible placement of cameras. This approach trades the accuracy of the generated panorama image for a larger field-of-view. The panoramic video is presented on an immersive display which covers the field-of-view of the viewer. We discuss how to correctly present the panoramic video on this non-planar immersive display screen by sweet spot relocation. We also present the result and the performance evaluation of the system.

Robust Speech Endpoint Detection in Airplane Cockpit Voice Background

A method of robust speech endpoint detection in airplane cockpit voice background is presented. Based on the analysis of background noise character, a complex Laplacian distribution model directly aiming at noisy speech is established. Then the likelihood ratio test based on binary hypothesis test is carried out. The decision criterion of conventional maximum a posterior incorporating the inter-frame correlation leads to two separate thresholds. Speech endpoint detection decision is finally made depend on the previous frame and the observed spectrum, and the speech endpoint is searched based on the decision. Compared with the typical algorithms, the proposed method operates robust in the airplane cockpit voice background.

COCKPIT产品JIT模块化供货模式的创建

当今整车厂客户对于零部件供应商供货模块化、零库存、降低成本等要求不断提升。为了应对目前客户与内部持续高效发展的需求,我们不断探索与创新,发展出了企业生产车间COCKPIT总成生产线与整车厂客户同步生产、零库存式生产、集成模块化供货的生产运作模式。

Robot trajectory planning for autonomous 3D reconstruction of cockpit in aircraft final assembly testing

The trend towards automation and intelligence in aircraft final assembly testing has led to a new demand for autonomous perception of unknown cockpit operation scenes in robotic collaborative airborne system testing.To address this demand,a robotic automated 3D reconstruction cell which enables to autonomously plan the robot end-camera’s trajectory is developed for image acquisition and 3D modeling of the cockpit operation scene.A continuous viewpoint path planning algorithm is proposed that incorporates both 3D reconstruction quality and robot path quality into optimization process.Smoothness metrics for viewpoint position paths and orientation paths are introduced together for the first time in 3D reconstruction.To ensure safe and effective movement,two spatial constraints,Domain of View Admissible Position(DVAP)and Domain of View Admissible Orientation(DVAO),are implemented to account for robot reachability and collision avoidance.By using diffeomorphism mapping,the orientation path is transformed into 3D,consistent with the position path.Both orientation and position paths can be optimized in a unified framework to maximize the gain of reconstruction quality and path smoothness within DVAP and DVAO.The reconstruction cell is capable of automatic data acquisition and fine scene modeling,using the generated robot C-space trajectory.Simulation and physical scene experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method to achieve highprecision 3D reconstruction while optimizing robot motion quality.

基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱色彩设计方法

军用座舱色彩设计作为载人军事设备工业设计中较为主观的一部分,设计的合理性至关重要。为提高军用座舱色彩设计的科学性,提出一种基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱配色方法。利用深度表征学习模型预测军用座舱配色方案,并根据色彩感知理论建立军用座舱配色模型,将其作为生成方案的限制条件。同时,引入交互式遗传算法到智能配色系统中,通过人工引导的方式优化神经网络的参数,对预测的配色方案进行有效迭代。实验结果表明:该方法生成的配色方案符合军用座舱配色模型,结合遗传算法的模型预测准确率比单一的深度表征模型提高了16%~18%。相较于人工色彩设计方案,军用座舱智能配色方法生成的方案满意度略优、设计周期缩短了80%~88%,色彩稳定性提高了6%~12%。

多因素影响下的驾驶舱拨动开关反应时研究

针对飞行员操纵驾驶舱拨动开关的反应时问题,通过搭建飞行模拟实验舱,采集飞行员操纵驾驶舱拨动开关的反应时数据,应用多因素方差分析方法,研究在多因素影响下,影响飞行员反应时的因素。结果表明:驾驶舱拨动开关位于飞行员正前方左侧水平斜向下45°的面板,反应时最短;规定正确的操作开关方向为向前为正,相比方向为向后为正,飞行员的操纵反应时更短;高负荷因素下,飞行员反应时更长;有灯光引导条件下可以降低飞行员的反应时;面板位置、负荷处理、灯光引导3种因素主体之间的交互作用对飞行员操纵驾驶舱拨动开关的反应时的影响显著。通过实验研究与数据处理分析,结果客观真实,有助于提升飞行员的飞行安全水平,也为操纵器件设计问题提供了基础实验研究和建议。

公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计感性评价

为提升公务机的航空安全和适航性能,营造合适的驾驶舱环境氛围,构建了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计的感性评价模型,提出了系统化的设计知识以指导公务机驾驶舱内饰布局的感性设计优化。首先,基于图像边缘检测技术提取设计特征,建立了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计案例库。其次,通过对感性语汇的搜集与聚类,构建了能诠释公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计表象、抽象、意象信息的“实体层—秩序层—氛围层”感性意象空间。然后,融合“主观评价—眼动—面部表情”3个指标的数据,从“实体层—秩序层—氛围层”3个感性意象评价维度建立了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计的综合感性评价模型。最后,分别从整体层和细节层两个层次剖析了公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计特征与感性评价之间的映射关系,并形成系统的设计优化知识。为公务机驾驶舱内饰布局设计感性评价提供了新的实验范式及数据分析体系,为其内饰布局设计提供了方法指导。

基于3D还原模型的驾驶舱眼位点反推

为获得飞机驾驶舱眼位点数据,本文研究了驾驶舱眼位点的反推。首先,通过建立某综合程序训练器的3D还原模型和简易飞机驾驶员模型,反推实际眼位点;其次,对实际眼位点和标准要求的参考眼位点进行对比分析,得到预测误差;最后将真实驾驶舱实测数据与该训练器数据进行对比分析,得到实际误差进行验证。结果表明:预测误差与实际误差相符,在纵向上预测误差为105.2 mm,实际误差为80 mm,在垂直和水平方向上存在细微误差。通过3D还原模型反推眼位点的方法能够反应综合程序训练器与真实驾驶舱之间存在的误差,可作为综合程序训练器鉴定等工作的参考依据。

Library-Inside:AI赋能图书馆新质生产力的一种基础模型

AI正引发知识服务的生产力×生产关系的革命性变革,迫切需要推动AI与图书馆服务深度融合,打造符合新的发展理念的先进生产力质态。本文提出,从第一性原则思维出发,面向复杂适应性系统,以问题驱动和场景驱动的创新和设计驱动的创新,不断演进发展AI赋能的图书馆服务的新质生产力。在回归原点分析“人们到图书馆干什么”的基础上,基于大语言模型+AI智能体提供的能力,提出Library-Inside作为AI赋能图书馆新质生产力的一种基础模型,并描述了三种可能的实现模式:Library-Inside 1.0作为用户知识应用的智能助手,Library-Inside 2.0作为用户知识生产的智慧座舱和Library-Inside 3.0(Library×)打造用户AI赋能知识生产力的生态养育站。本文指出,要以战略创新推动图书馆新质生产力发展,要注意克服战略创新中的内在的结构性缺失和系统性偏差。

基于感性设计方法的战斗机座舱概念设计研究

目的基于感性设计方法对战斗机座舱开展设计研究,探究战斗机座舱的工业设计方法,以提升飞行员的操作感受和用户体验。方法对相关文献进行梳理,厘清感性设计的概念和理论来源;对装备感性设计和飞机座舱的工业设计方法进行文献回顾;针对以技术为主导的战斗机座舱设计,其外观设计受到功能的严格限制。通过构建基于创意感性的战斗机座舱感性设计方法,将“感性”思维融入战斗机座舱的工业设计程序,通过风格意象、主题分析、主题造型化等设计阶段产出设计方案,最后进行验证评估。结论根据感性设计方法对战斗机座舱开展概念设计案例实践,验证了感性设计方法的可行性,为战斗机座舱工业设计提供相应的参考建议。

智能网联汽车人机交互场景测评方法研究

汽车座舱内的人机交互智能系统一定程度决定了用户的智能体验,对人机交互进行测试研究,形成一套完整的人机交互测试评价方法,可以指导人机交互的设计开发,实现人机交互的迭代和优化。汽车座舱内功能日益增加,给用户带来更丰富的体验,然而功能相同,人机交互不同,给用户带来的驾驶体验却大相径庭。基于典型使用场景,从客观角度,分析不同车型相同场景下车机系统的响应、驾驶员眼部活动和驾驶员手部活动的差异,进一步量化评价参数,形成评价指标,同时根据五感和五觉,设计主观评价表对人机交互进行测评。测评结果表明,该方法具备可操作性和合理性,能从客观和主观角度全面评估人机交互的优劣。

基于用户需求导向的智能座舱柔性试验台概念设计集成方法

为解决传统座舱试验台结构同质化及模块化设计不足等问题,采用亲和图法整理了汽车故障及用户初始需求;采用模糊Kano模型进行需求指标权重计算,并结合质量特性要素进行用户核心需求汇总;通过功能分析系统技术(Function Analysis System Technique,FAST)黑箱模型将用户需求转化为功能需求,并引入公理设计(Axiomatic Design,AD)理论与功能-行为-结构(Function-Behavior-Structure,FBS)模型进行逐级映射,最终确定智能座舱柔性试验台的结构设计要素。该设计过程以用户核心需求为导向,通过FAST-AD-FBS集成方法的应用,克服了传统产品概念设计中用户需求与产品功能结构设计间存在矛盾的问题,为提高产品创新设计的完整性及准确性提供了理论参考。

道路交通与生活场景诱发下驾驶人情绪的脑认知响应差异

为了探究道路交通场景和生活场景下驾驶人情绪脑认知响应差异,邀请10名被试分别在2种场景下完成情绪诱导实验。从离散情绪和连续情绪2个维度分析2种场景下前额与外额含氧血红蛋白和脱氧血红蛋白浓度的差异,进而推断脑区的激活程度。结果表明,道路交通场景相较于生活场景,愤怒与惊讶情绪下前额与外额的激活程度更强,快乐情绪下前额与外额的激活程度更低,恐惧情绪下仅在前额发现了显著差异,且激活程度更低;道路交通场景相较于生活场景,愤怒、恐惧、惊讶3种情绪前额与外额的脑功能连接强度更高,快乐与悲伤2种情绪下前额与外额的脑功能连接强度更低。

基于非驾驶任务的智能座舱出错因子提取与分析

目的针对当前汽车智能座舱系统逐渐由驾驶为主转变为关注驾驶与舱内体验两方面的趋势,通过提取并分析驾驶员的人因差错,探讨智能座舱人机交互界面的设计分析方法。方法基于实车操作实验,选取了10个常见的智能座舱非驾驶任务,对其交互过程中的出错因子进行了提取,结合错误背后的认知机制,形成智能座舱错因聚类,并横向对比了三款不同座舱界面的出错因子复现频率。结果在认知框架的不同模块中,出错因子的复现频率存在显著差异。基于认知理论,对错因背后的设计表征进行了深入归纳与分析。结论将错因分析研究方法引入智能座舱界面的设计研究中,能够更加有效地分析驾驶员对界面信息的认知状态,以及其对驾乘体验的影响,为智能座舱的人机交互设计研究提供了参考依据。

An experimental analysis of situation awareness for cockpit display interface evaluation based on flight simulation

Aircraft cockpit display interface （CDI） is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness （SA） is frequently considered to improve the design, as the CDI must provide enough SA for the pilot to maintain the flight safety. In order to study the SA in the pilot-aircraft system, a cockpit flight simulation environment is built up, which includes a virtual instrument panel, a flight visual display and the corresponding control system. Based on the simulation environment, a human-in-the-loop experiment is designed to measure the SA by the situation awareness global assessment technique （SAGAT）. Through the experiment, the SA degrees and heart rate （HR） data of the subjects are obtained, and the SA levels under different CDI designs are analyzed. The results show that analyzing the SA can serve as an objective way to evaluate the design of CDI, which could be proved from the consistent HR data. With this method, evaluations of the CDI design are performed in the experimental flight simulation environment, and optimizations could be guided through the analysis.