When the damage to a natural heritage is unavoidable, recording the natural heritage before damage may be the only way we can achieve to preserve the heritage in digital format. In this paper, we introduce a video-bas...When the damage to a natural heritage is unavoidable, recording the natural heritage before damage may be the only way we can achieve to preserve the heritage in digital format. In this paper, we introduce a video-based tele-immersive system, called the Immersive Cockpit. It captures live videos from the interested site and recreates an immersive environment at the remote site where the user situates. With this system, users/audiences can immerse into the recreated natural heritage even the heritage no longer exists. The design goals of our system are real-time, live, low-cost and scalable. We stitch multiple video streams captured from ordinary CCD cameras to generate a panoramic video. To avoid being blocked by the supporting frame, we allow a flexible placement of cameras. This approach trades the accuracy of the generated panorama image for a larger field-of-view. The panoramic video is presented on an immersive display which covers the field-of-view of the viewer. We discuss how to correctly present the panoramic video on this non-planar immersive display screen by sweet spot relocation. We also present the result and the performance evaluation of the system.展开更多
A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four step...A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.展开更多
Karst groundwater is highly vulnerable to contamination,which urges better land use zoning.This paper proposes a new approach,called COCKPIT-PLUS,to minimize groundwater contamination within cockpit karst regions.The ...Karst groundwater is highly vulnerable to contamination,which urges better land use zoning.This paper proposes a new approach,called COCKPIT-PLUS,to minimize groundwater contamination within cockpit karst regions.The method employed four parameters:P(the existence of ponor/swallow hole),L(lineament density),U(sinking stream to an underground river),and S(distance to spring/pumping site).These parameters are essential for identifying contaminant pathways and transport from the surface to the karst groundwater/springs.COCKPIT-PLUS has been developed and validated in the Gunungsewu karst in Java,Indonesia.This research considers a cockpit as a single hydrological unit that uniquely recharges karst groundwater.We analyzed 2,811 cockpits and 81 other closed depressions to develop a land use planning map.The research used the time to first arrival(Ta),time to peak(Tp),and Q_(max/min)ratio parameters of two karst springs and two underground pumping sites for validation.Cockpits with ponors/swallow holes,sinking streams,high lineament density,and short distances to springs are vulnerable to groundwater and thus must be restricted areas for any land uses.The findings show that though the COCKPIT-PLUS uses a limited karst dataset,the proposed method seems reliable enough for a rapid land-use zoning approach in cockpit karst areas.展开更多
Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft, and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification. At present, related researches are...Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft, and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification. At present, related researches are mainly performed in the laboratory, and the experiment method for abstract simulation is often used to research single digit information coding. The research results demonstrate a lack of systematization and applicability. The present study is based upon information coding methods of human-machine interface under real time in flight simulators. Subjects are required to perform an aircraft landing and the corresponding experiment task. The correct rate and reaction time are chosen as the performance evaluation indexes, combined with eye movement data. The advantages and disadvantages of different information coding methods are also evaluated and analyzed. The experiment results demonstrate that the effect of color coding on the correct rate of information identification is not significant, but the effect on the speed of information identification is obviously significant. The study demonstrates that on a black background, red, green and yellow are suitable colors for color coding, but blue is not. The position of information on the performance of information identification is also significant. The center of the interface is better than the edge, and the left position is superior to the right. The impact of language and a person＇s mother tongue should also be considered in practical applications. The study shows that the Chinese has a higher correct rate of identification than English. As the experiment research method in the present study is based on flight simulator, the actual utility and application value can be guaranteed. The research results have the ability to offer improvements in ergonomic reference for cockpit human-machine interface design.展开更多
Unpredictable meteorological information, especially that endangers flight safety, should be transmitted to a cockpit to make a flight crew obtain meteorological early warning that affects flight safety as soon as pos...Unpredictable meteorological information, especially that endangers flight safety, should be transmitted to a cockpit to make a flight crew obtain meteorological early warning that affects flight safety as soon as possible and adopt countermeasures, thereby avoiding the occurrence of flight safety accidents. At present, there are limited ways of transmitting meteorological information to a cockpit, and the application of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast （ADS-B） is a new way of transmitting meteorological information to a cockpit.展开更多
The rational design of airflow distribution is of great importance for comfort and energy conservation.Several numerical investigations of flow and temperature characteristics in cockpits have been performed to study ...The rational design of airflow distribution is of great importance for comfort and energy conservation.Several numerical investigations of flow and temperature characteristics in cockpits have been performed to study the distinct airflow distribution.This study developed the coupled heat transfer model of radiation,convection,and heat conduction for the cockpit flight environment.A three-dimensional physical model was created and a shear stress transfer(SST)k-w turbulence model was well verified with a high prediction accuracy of 91%for the experimental data.The strong inhomogeneous flow and temperature distribution were captured for various initial operating conditions(inlet temperature,inlet pressure,and gravitational acceleration).The results indicated that the common feature of the flow field was stable in the middle part of the cockpit,while the temperature field showed a large temperature gradient near the cockpit’s top region.It was also found that there was remarkable consistency in the distributed features,regardless of the applied initial operating conditions.Additionally,the mass flux and the top heat source greatly affected the flow and temperature characteristics.This study suggests that an optimized operating condition does exist and that this condition makes the flow and temperature field more stable in the cockpit.The corresponding results can provide necessary theoretical guidance for the further design of the cockpit structure.展开更多
A method of robust speech endpoint detection in airplane cockpit voice background is presented. Based on the analysis of background noise character, a complex Laplacian distribution model directly aiming at noisy spee...A method of robust speech endpoint detection in airplane cockpit voice background is presented. Based on the analysis of background noise character, a complex Laplacian distribution model directly aiming at noisy speech is established. Then the likelihood ratio test based on binary hypothesis test is carried out. The decision criterion of conventional maximum a posterior incorporating the inter-frame correlation leads to two separate thresholds. Speech endpoint detection decision is finally made depend on the previous frame and the observed spectrum, and the speech endpoint is searched based on the decision. Compared with the typical algorithms, the proposed method operates robust in the airplane cockpit voice background.展开更多
文摘When the damage to a natural heritage is unavoidable, recording the natural heritage before damage may be the only way we can achieve to preserve the heritage in digital format. In this paper, we introduce a video-based tele-immersive system, called the Immersive Cockpit. It captures live videos from the interested site and recreates an immersive environment at the remote site where the user situates. With this system, users/audiences can immerse into the recreated natural heritage even the heritage no longer exists. The design goals of our system are real-time, live, low-cost and scalable. We stitch multiple video streams captured from ordinary CCD cameras to generate a panoramic video. To avoid being blocked by the supporting frame, we allow a flexible placement of cameras. This approach trades the accuracy of the generated panorama image for a larger field-of-view. The panoramic video is presented on an immersive display which covers the field-of-view of the viewer. We discuss how to correctly present the panoramic video on this non-planar immersive display screen by sweet spot relocation. We also present the result and the performance evaluation of the system.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2010CB734104)
文摘A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.
文摘Karst groundwater is highly vulnerable to contamination,which urges better land use zoning.This paper proposes a new approach,called COCKPIT-PLUS,to minimize groundwater contamination within cockpit karst regions.The method employed four parameters:P(the existence of ponor/swallow hole),L(lineament density),U(sinking stream to an underground river),and S(distance to spring/pumping site).These parameters are essential for identifying contaminant pathways and transport from the surface to the karst groundwater/springs.COCKPIT-PLUS has been developed and validated in the Gunungsewu karst in Java,Indonesia.This research considers a cockpit as a single hydrological unit that uniquely recharges karst groundwater.We analyzed 2,811 cockpits and 81 other closed depressions to develop a land use planning map.The research used the time to first arrival(Ta),time to peak(Tp),and Q_(max/min)ratio parameters of two karst springs and two underground pumping sites for validation.Cockpits with ponors/swallow holes,sinking streams,high lineament density,and short distances to springs are vulnerable to groundwater and thus must be restricted areas for any land uses.The findings show that though the COCKPIT-PLUS uses a limited karst dataset,the proposed method seems reliable enough for a rapid land-use zoning approach in cockpit karst areas.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2010CB734104)
文摘Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft, and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification. At present, related researches are mainly performed in the laboratory, and the experiment method for abstract simulation is often used to research single digit information coding. The research results demonstrate a lack of systematization and applicability. The present study is based upon information coding methods of human-machine interface under real time in flight simulators. Subjects are required to perform an aircraft landing and the corresponding experiment task. The correct rate and reaction time are chosen as the performance evaluation indexes, combined with eye movement data. The advantages and disadvantages of different information coding methods are also evaluated and analyzed. The experiment results demonstrate that the effect of color coding on the correct rate of information identification is not significant, but the effect on the speed of information identification is obviously significant. The study demonstrates that on a black background, red, green and yellow are suitable colors for color coding, but blue is not. The position of information on the performance of information identification is also significant. The center of the interface is better than the edge, and the left position is superior to the right. The impact of language and a person＇s mother tongue should also be considered in practical applications. The study shows that the Chinese has a higher correct rate of identification than English. As the experiment research method in the present study is based on flight simulator, the actual utility and application value can be guaranteed. The research results have the ability to offer improvements in ergonomic reference for cockpit human-machine interface design.
文摘Unpredictable meteorological information, especially that endangers flight safety, should be transmitted to a cockpit to make a flight crew obtain meteorological early warning that affects flight safety as soon as possible and adopt countermeasures, thereby avoiding the occurrence of flight safety accidents. At present, there are limited ways of transmitting meteorological information to a cockpit, and the application of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast （ADS-B） is a new way of transmitting meteorological information to a cockpit.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.(Project No.31020190504004).
文摘The rational design of airflow distribution is of great importance for comfort and energy conservation.Several numerical investigations of flow and temperature characteristics in cockpits have been performed to study the distinct airflow distribution.This study developed the coupled heat transfer model of radiation,convection,and heat conduction for the cockpit flight environment.A three-dimensional physical model was created and a shear stress transfer(SST)k-w turbulence model was well verified with a high prediction accuracy of 91%for the experimental data.The strong inhomogeneous flow and temperature distribution were captured for various initial operating conditions(inlet temperature,inlet pressure,and gravitational acceleration).The results indicated that the common feature of the flow field was stable in the middle part of the cockpit,while the temperature field showed a large temperature gradient near the cockpit’s top region.It was also found that there was remarkable consistency in the distributed features,regardless of the applied initial operating conditions.Additionally,the mass flux and the top heat source greatly affected the flow and temperature characteristics.This study suggests that an optimized operating condition does exist and that this condition makes the flow and temperature field more stable in the cockpit.The corresponding results can provide necessary theoretical guidance for the further design of the cockpit structure.
文摘A method of robust speech endpoint detection in airplane cockpit voice background is presented. Based on the analysis of background noise character, a complex Laplacian distribution model directly aiming at noisy speech is established. Then the likelihood ratio test based on binary hypothesis test is carried out. The decision criterion of conventional maximum a posterior incorporating the inter-frame correlation leads to two separate thresholds. Speech endpoint detection decision is finally made depend on the previous frame and the observed spectrum, and the speech endpoint is searched based on the decision. Compared with the typical algorithms, the proposed method operates robust in the airplane cockpit voice background.
