In this study, performance assessment of absorption refrigeration cycle has been carried out under variable power sources namely electric, conventional fuel and renewable energy sources. The ammonia-water absorption c...In this study, performance assessment of absorption refrigeration cycle has been carried out under variable power sources namely electric, conventional fuel and renewable energy sources. The ammonia-water absorption cycle was used in this work, the temperatures at each point in the cycle such as generator, absorber, evaporator and condenser have been measured and with using absorption device system. The coefficient of performance and efficiency of the plant were measured and then compared. The results showed that when the cycle driven by electricity, the coefficient of performance varied 0.694 to 1.032 along the test time and the generator temperature changes from 48.1°C to 101.5°C with the average efficiency of 57.1% and average coefficient of performance of 0.78. When methane used as a fuel to generate power the coefficient of performance varied between 0.686 and 0.94 under the generator temperature of 123.3°C and 127.4°C and average efficiency of 40.02% with coefficient of performance of 0.735. Solar energy used as the alternative source of power which is the clean and safe power source and when the plant driven by the solar thermal energy, the coefficient of performance reached to 0.801 under the generator temperature of 91°C, but the system efficiency about 11.68% along the test time. Solar energy can be used efficiently and replaced the conventional power sources to drive the absorption refrigeration unit.展开更多
Nowadays, solar-powered air conditioning has witnessed an increased progress because air conditioning system is almost a must in every building in Saudi Arabia where the outside temperature in summer is higher than 42...Nowadays, solar-powered air conditioning has witnessed an increased progress because air conditioning system is almost a must in every building in Saudi Arabia where the outside temperature in summer is higher than 42°C. AlMadinah AlMunawwarah is one of the important holy places in the world, and therefore, this paper investigates the design and performance of solar-powered air conditioning system integrated with photovoltaic (PV) system which consists of PV panels, solar charger, inverter and batteries. This air conditioning system can be used in non-electrified areas near AlMadinah where the cost of electricity for this area is very high. The first step in this project is the cooling load calculations for the selected space that will be cooled and it was found about 1 ton refrigeration (3.52 kW). Based on this cooling load, the photovoltaic (PV) system has been estimated and built with the necessary connections. Data logging system has been used to measure the temperatures at the main components in the cycle like compressor inlet and outlet as well as evaporator and condenser. The input powers for the system as well as the coefficient of performance (COP) for the system under AlMadinah climatic conditions were measured along the day. The coefficient of performance varies from 2.16 to 4.22 for the system and these results compared with the conventional system performance with a good agreement.展开更多
The model of a three-terminal thermoelectric refrigerator with ideal tunneling quantum dots is established. It consists of a cavity connected to two quantum dots embedded between two electron reservoirs at different t...The model of a three-terminal thermoelectric refrigerator with ideal tunneling quantum dots is established. It consists of a cavity connected to two quantum dots embedded between two electron reservoirs at different temperatures and chemical potentials. According to the Landauer formula the expressions for the heat current, the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance （COP） are derived analytically. The performance characteristic curves of the cooling rate versus the coefficient of performance are plotted with numerical calculation. The optimal regions of the cooling rate and the COP are determined. Moreover, we optimize the cooling rate and the COP with respect to the position of energy level of the right quantum dot, respectively. The influence of the width of energy level and the temperature ratio on performance of the three-terminal thermoelectric refrigerator is analyzed. Lastly, when the width of energy level is small enough, the optimal performance of the refrigerator is discussed in detail.展开更多
With COP and dynamic characteristics in refrigeration cycle as criteria,a new metal hydride couple——LaNi 4.61 Mn 0.26 Al 0.13 /La 0.6 Y 0.4 Ni 4.8 Mn 0.2 was selected by establishing calculation procedure and metal ...With COP and dynamic characteristics in refrigeration cycle as criteria,a new metal hydride couple——LaNi 4.61 Mn 0.26 Al 0.13 /La 0.6 Y 0.4 Ni 4.8 Mn 0.2 was selected by establishing calculation procedure and metal hydride selection model.The experimental results show that the refigeration cycle of the selected couple is good in the performance.The recovered waste heat and refrigeration power from exhaust gas of several kinds of automobile are calculated by waste-heat formula,coefficient R Q and COP.Refrigeration cycle of the new couple can satisfy the air-conditioning requirement of truck and car and is not enough in passenger car,according to the respective cooling load.展开更多
为探索多能互补的清洁能源供暖技术,满足北京市村镇分散式建筑清洁供暖需求,在北京农村地区建设太阳能-地源热泵复合式系统,进行太阳能补热热泵供暖实验,并利用COMSOL软件开展地温场热均衡模拟研究。结果表明:相较单一地源热泵系统,太...为探索多能互补的清洁能源供暖技术,满足北京市村镇分散式建筑清洁供暖需求,在北京农村地区建设太阳能-地源热泵复合式系统,进行太阳能补热热泵供暖实验,并利用COMSOL软件开展地温场热均衡模拟研究。结果表明:相较单一地源热泵系统,太阳能补热热泵供暖方案下,地源侧出水温度提升23%,系统制热能效比(Coefficient of Performance,COP)和机组COP分别提升19%、25%;系统运行10 a,地源热泵系统单季节运行方案下总的取热量要多于间歇期自然恢复量,地温场总均衡为-8.91×10^(9)kJ;单一地源热泵方式运行和太阳能补热方式运行在双季节情况下总的取热量小于总的排热量,地温场总均衡分别为4.220×10^(9)、1.084×10^(10)kJ。因此,双季节运行方案对地温场不会产生负均衡,反而会对地温场有一定的热量补充。地源热泵系统运行中加入太阳能补热,对地温场的影响更小,可显著提升系统和机组效率,该模式适用于北京农村地区特别是供暖需求较大的建筑。展开更多
Sewage source heat pump unit operates under partial load most of the time, and study on the law of coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit varying with load ratio can provide basis for the heat pump units running...Sewage source heat pump unit operates under partial load most of the time, and study on the law of coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit varying with load ratio can provide basis for the heat pump units running in high efficiency. A mathematical model determining COP, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of a single unit was proposed. Under the condition of uniform load distribution, the model was established according to different ways of bearing partial load with the same type multiple units but different parallel operation models, and the operation characteristics of units were analyzed as well. Results show that the single screw water-source heat pump can maintain high COP only at 60%—100% load ratio, COP decreases sharply with the decrease of load ratio, and the units with parallel operation are controlled by the load ratio of a single unit according to the reduction of total load which can keep the average COP at high level within a wide load range.展开更多
This paper is based on long term parameter measurements of the exhaust air heat pumps (EAHP) system in a new built apartment building. The building was equipped with an exhaust air ventilation system and exhaust air h...This paper is based on long term parameter measurements of the exhaust air heat pumps (EAHP) system in a new built apartment building. The building was equipped with an exhaust air ventilation system and exhaust air heat pump for ventilation heat recover. The results of the measurements show that the COP of the EAHP is mainly related to the temperature graph of the heating system and the supply temperature of domestic hot water (DWH). During the measurement period some other impact factors, such as the quality of maintenance, the nighttime temperature graph of the heating system, the reduction of the exhaust air flows in case of low temperatures, mistakes in designing and low building quality, have also played a role. An analysis of energy consumption shows that in winter conditions the COP is about 3.0 and in the transition period about 3.3. The energy recovery value of the EAHP is 0.5.展开更多
文摘In this study, performance assessment of absorption refrigeration cycle has been carried out under variable power sources namely electric, conventional fuel and renewable energy sources. The ammonia-water absorption cycle was used in this work, the temperatures at each point in the cycle such as generator, absorber, evaporator and condenser have been measured and with using absorption device system. The coefficient of performance and efficiency of the plant were measured and then compared. The results showed that when the cycle driven by electricity, the coefficient of performance varied 0.694 to 1.032 along the test time and the generator temperature changes from 48.1°C to 101.5°C with the average efficiency of 57.1% and average coefficient of performance of 0.78. When methane used as a fuel to generate power the coefficient of performance varied between 0.686 and 0.94 under the generator temperature of 123.3°C and 127.4°C and average efficiency of 40.02% with coefficient of performance of 0.735. Solar energy used as the alternative source of power which is the clean and safe power source and when the plant driven by the solar thermal energy, the coefficient of performance reached to 0.801 under the generator temperature of 91°C, but the system efficiency about 11.68% along the test time. Solar energy can be used efficiently and replaced the conventional power sources to drive the absorption refrigeration unit.
文摘Nowadays, solar-powered air conditioning has witnessed an increased progress because air conditioning system is almost a must in every building in Saudi Arabia where the outside temperature in summer is higher than 42°C. AlMadinah AlMunawwarah is one of the important holy places in the world, and therefore, this paper investigates the design and performance of solar-powered air conditioning system integrated with photovoltaic (PV) system which consists of PV panels, solar charger, inverter and batteries. This air conditioning system can be used in non-electrified areas near AlMadinah where the cost of electricity for this area is very high. The first step in this project is the cooling load calculations for the selected space that will be cooled and it was found about 1 ton refrigeration (3.52 kW). Based on this cooling load, the photovoltaic (PV) system has been estimated and built with the necessary connections. Data logging system has been used to measure the temperatures at the main components in the cycle like compressor inlet and outlet as well as evaporator and condenser. The input powers for the system as well as the coefficient of performance (COP) for the system under AlMadinah climatic conditions were measured along the day. The coefficient of performance varies from 2.16 to 4.22 for the system and these results compared with the conventional system performance with a good agreement.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11365015
文摘The model of a three-terminal thermoelectric refrigerator with ideal tunneling quantum dots is established. It consists of a cavity connected to two quantum dots embedded between two electron reservoirs at different temperatures and chemical potentials. According to the Landauer formula the expressions for the heat current, the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance （COP） are derived analytically. The performance characteristic curves of the cooling rate versus the coefficient of performance are plotted with numerical calculation. The optimal regions of the cooling rate and the COP are determined. Moreover, we optimize the cooling rate and the COP with respect to the position of energy level of the right quantum dot, respectively. The influence of the width of energy level and the temperature ratio on performance of the three-terminal thermoelectric refrigerator is analyzed. Lastly, when the width of energy level is small enough, the optimal performance of the refrigerator is discussed in detail.
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.5 0 2 760 63 )
文摘With COP and dynamic characteristics in refrigeration cycle as criteria,a new metal hydride couple——LaNi 4.61 Mn 0.26 Al 0.13 /La 0.6 Y 0.4 Ni 4.8 Mn 0.2 was selected by establishing calculation procedure and metal hydride selection model.The experimental results show that the refigeration cycle of the selected couple is good in the performance.The recovered waste heat and refrigeration power from exhaust gas of several kinds of automobile are calculated by waste-heat formula,coefficient R Q and COP.Refrigeration cycle of the new couple can satisfy the air-conditioning requirement of truck and car and is not enough in passenger car,according to the respective cooling load.
文摘为探索多能互补的清洁能源供暖技术,满足北京市村镇分散式建筑清洁供暖需求,在北京农村地区建设太阳能-地源热泵复合式系统,进行太阳能补热热泵供暖实验,并利用COMSOL软件开展地温场热均衡模拟研究。结果表明:相较单一地源热泵系统,太阳能补热热泵供暖方案下,地源侧出水温度提升23%,系统制热能效比(Coefficient of Performance,COP)和机组COP分别提升19%、25%;系统运行10 a,地源热泵系统单季节运行方案下总的取热量要多于间歇期自然恢复量,地温场总均衡为-8.91×10^(9)kJ;单一地源热泵方式运行和太阳能补热方式运行在双季节情况下总的取热量小于总的排热量,地温场总均衡分别为4.220×10^(9)、1.084×10^(10)kJ。因此,双季节运行方案对地温场不会产生负均衡,反而会对地温场有一定的热量补充。地源热泵系统运行中加入太阳能补热,对地温场的影响更小,可显著提升系统和机组效率,该模式适用于北京农村地区特别是供暖需求较大的建筑。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50578048)"Heating, Gas, Ventilation and Air Conditioning" Key Laboratory Open Subject in Beijing (No. KF200710)the Postdoctoral Researcher Science Foundation of China (No. 20090450986)
文摘Sewage source heat pump unit operates under partial load most of the time, and study on the law of coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit varying with load ratio can provide basis for the heat pump units running in high efficiency. A mathematical model determining COP, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of a single unit was proposed. Under the condition of uniform load distribution, the model was established according to different ways of bearing partial load with the same type multiple units but different parallel operation models, and the operation characteristics of units were analyzed as well. Results show that the single screw water-source heat pump can maintain high COP only at 60%—100% load ratio, COP decreases sharply with the decrease of load ratio, and the units with parallel operation are controlled by the load ratio of a single unit according to the reduction of total load which can keep the average COP at high level within a wide load range.
文摘This paper is based on long term parameter measurements of the exhaust air heat pumps (EAHP) system in a new built apartment building. The building was equipped with an exhaust air ventilation system and exhaust air heat pump for ventilation heat recover. The results of the measurements show that the COP of the EAHP is mainly related to the temperature graph of the heating system and the supply temperature of domestic hot water (DWH). During the measurement period some other impact factors, such as the quality of maintenance, the nighttime temperature graph of the heating system, the reduction of the exhaust air flows in case of low temperatures, mistakes in designing and low building quality, have also played a role. An analysis of energy consumption shows that in winter conditions the COP is about 3.0 and in the transition period about 3.3. The energy recovery value of the EAHP is 0.5.
