FRICTION PROPERTIES OF OIL-INFILTRATED POROUS AAO FILM ON AN ALUMINUM SUBSTRATE

The porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film on a pure aluminum substrate was pre pared by a two-step anodization in a 0.3M oxalic acid solution and pore-enlargem ent treatment in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution at 50℃. The diameter of h ighly ordered pore on the AAO film was about 90nm, and the thickness of the AAO film was 3μm. The mineral oil was infiltrated in the ordered nanometer sized po res of AAO film on an aluminum substrate due to the capillarity effect. The fric tion coefficient was measured using a ball-on-disk tribotester. The tests were c onducted at loads range from 490 to 2450mN and at sliding velocities between 0.1 and 0.5m·s-1. Oil infiltration in porous AAO film modified friction and consid erably improved the wear resistance. As compared to the porous AAO film, the oil -infiltrated specimen had low friction coefficient. With increasing the applied load and sliding velocity, the friction coefficient of the oil-infiltrated film decreased. It indicates that the oil-infiltrated AAO film produced a new way to modify the friction and wear of aluminum alloy.

Effects of fragments on W-DLC films properties under boundary lubrication condition in the friction system

Abstract Effects of film fragments in the friction system on friction and wear properties of tungsten doped diamond-like carbon films （W-DLC） were studied in the condition of boundary lubrication. It could be observed that the average friction coefficient was increased after introducing film fragments into the friction system, where these film fragments can accelerate the breaking of the extreme thin oil film which could separate two friction surfaces when the system is under boundary lubrication conditions. The increasing friction load can accelerate the friction ehenfieal reaction on the friction interface and lead to the crushing effect on film fragments, which decreased the friction coefficient of friction system. It was also found that the wear width, depth, and volume of the film increased by introducing film fragments and applying great load.

Properties of W/DLC/W-S-C composite films fabricated by magnetron sputtering

A kind of W/DLC/W-S-C composite film was fabricated by magnetron sputtering method.Effects of WSx content on the structure and the adhesion of the composite films were investigated.In addition,tribological behavior of the composite films was studied in the conditions of the ambient air and N2 gas atmosphere by ball-on-disk tester.The results indicate that the composite films show dense and amorphous microstructure.The WCx and WSx compounds are found in amorphous diamond like carbon matrix in the top layers of W-S-C.A proper WSx content is beneficial for improving the adhesion of the composite films.In air atmosphere,the composite films with high C content have better wear resistance and the friction coefficients range from 0.15 to 0.25.In N2 condition,high WSx content is benefit for the wear resistance and the friction coefficients of the composite films range from 0.03 to 0.1.

Effect of Fe ion implantation on tribological properties and Raman spectra characteristics of diamond-like carbon film

Fe ions in the fluence range of 2×1015 to 1×1017 cm-2 were implanted into diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film of 100 nm thick, which were deposited on silicon substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Effects of Fe ion implantation on microstructure and friction coefficient of the DLC were studied. With increasing Fe ion fluence, friction coefficient of the DLC film increased as compared with that of DLC without implantation, and then decreased. The Raman spectra characteristics also show a dependence on the Fe ion fluence. With increasing the ion fluence, the sp2 bonding increased in the DLC film, resulting in the decrease of friction coefficient of the film af- ter implantation. Substantial surface roughness was also measured.

Effect of WS_2 particle size on mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of Cu-WS_2 composites sintered by SPS

The mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of Cu-WS2 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering（SPS） using two different WS2 particle sizes of 0.6 and 5.0 μm and Cu powders as raw materials were investigated. The results indicate that the bending strength and tribological behavior of Cu-WS2 composites are greatly affected by the size of WS2 particles. The bending strength of Cu-WS2 composites with the WS2 particle size of 5.0 μm is 292.2 MPa. As the size of WS2 particle decreases to 0.6 μm, the bending strength also decreases to 181.5 MPa. Moreover, as the WS2 particle size decreases from 5.0 to 0.6 μm, the wear rate of Cu-WS2 composite sharply increases from 2.99×10^-14 to 6.13×10^-14 m^3/（N·m） and its friction coefficient increases from 0.158 to 0.172. The size of WS2 particle（5.0 μm） plays an important role in forming transfer film formed on the counter-face. The sample with 5.0 μm WS2 particle forms smoother and more continuous transfer film, which results in a low wear rate and friction coefficient of the Cu-WS2 composites.

Effects of h-BN content on properties of Ni-Cr/h-BN composite

Ni-Cr/h-BN self-lubricating composities were prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) method.The effects of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) content on the mechanical and tribological properties of the Ni-Cr/h-BN composites were investigated.The corresponding frictional models were established to analyze the formation of the lubricant h-BN films on the surfaces of the Ni-Cr/h-BN composites.The results show that,when the content of h-BN increases from 5% to 15% (mass fraction),the bending strength of the Ni-Cr/h-BN composite decreases from 96.670 MPa to 17.319 MPa,and the hardness (HB) decreases from 33 to 14.The friction coefficient of the Ni-Cr/h-BN composite decreases firstly from 0.385 to 0.216,and then increases to 0.284,while the wear rate decreases firstly from 4.14×10-9 kg/(N·m) to 1.35×10-9 kg/(N·m),then increases to 2.36×10-9 kg/(N·m).The best comprehensive mechanical and tribological properties can be obtained between 10% and 12% h-BN addition.

Theory research on use efficiency of emulsion in cold rolling

Lubrication in cold rolling process is used not only to control friction,but also to control surface quality and thermal chamber.Successful cold rolling of strip at high speeds requires an optimum presence of lubricant film thickness at the contact.In order to have a better control on rolling process the awareness for the prediction and maintenance of desired minimum film thickness.On the basis of learning and summarizing the theories early founded by experts around the world,this paper constructed the mixed lubrication model. This paper investigated the lubrication state variation caused by oil and rolling condition differences by cold rolling experiments.The experiments indicated that oil has a big influence to rolling process,and rolling speed directly influence the lubrication state.

A mechanical system to predict wet grip potential of pavements

A precise friction model is essential for the prediction of tyre wet grip performance and optimization of pavement surface texture design.A mechanical system for predicting the wet grip potential of asphalt pavement was systematically presented using an extended rubber material model by a time step integration scheme.This analytical approach was transferred to a 2D numerical multi-body system consisting of interconnected masses,coupling spring and elementary rubber element of a generalized Maxwell model of rubber tyre tread.The system consists of two basic modules with the same program structure and algorithm,considering the frequency-,temperature-,and strain-dependency behaviors of the complex dynamic modulus of rubber element.The dependence of penetration depth and friction coefficient on the velocity was simulated and validated.It can be concluded that this system can be used for predicting the wet grip potential of asphalt pavements.

Effects of surface nanostructure on boundary lubrication using molecular dynamics

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the boundary lubrication behaviors of squalane lubricant between two iron wall structures during shearing at different pressures and temperatures.Boundary lubrication models with a smooth iron wall and a nanostructured iron wall,respectively,are constructed,and the density distribution of the lubricating film and the velocity distribution in the shearing process are analyzed.The mechanical response of the solid wall is output,and the friction coefficient is calculated.A tribological test is performed with a UMT-2 tribometer under sliding conditions to evaluate the reliability of the simulation method.The results show that the surface nanostructure has a significant effect on the film thickness and delamination of the lubricating film but little effect on the velocity distribution of the lubricating film.The nano strip groove helps to reduce the friction coefficient of the boundary lubrication system.

Friction of metal-matrix self-lubricating composites: Relationships among lubricant content, lubricating film coverage, and friction coefficient

Metal-matrix self-lubricating composites can exhibit excellent tribological properties owing to the release of solid lubricant from the matrix and the formation of a lubricating film on the tribosurface.The coverage of the lubricating film on a worn surface significantly influences the sliding process.However,it is difficult to quantify the film coverage owing to the thin and discontinuous character of the lubricating film and the high roughness of the worn surface.A quantitative characterization of the lubricating film coverage based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis was developed in this study.The friction tests of Cu-MoS2 composites with a MoS2 content of 0-40 vol%were conducted,and the worn surfaces of the composites were observed and analyzed.Further,the influence of the MoS2 volume content on the coverage of the lubricating film on the worn surface was investigated.The relationships among the volume fraction of the lubricant,coverage of the lubricating film,and the friction coefficient were established.The friction model for the metal matrix self-lubricating composites was developed and verified to facilitate the composition design and friction coefficient prediction of self-lubricating composites.

Investigation of surface textures deterioration on pavement skid-resistance using hysteresis friction models and numerical simulation method

Many rubber friction theories or some method combined theories and field-experiments are employed to evaluate the pavement skid-resistance deterioration due to the evolution of surface textures.However,these methods are difficult to be implemented in the analysis of situations with multi-factor coupling and some extreme conditions.This study developed a framework to evaluate the skid-resistance deterioration of asphalt pavements.In this framework,the portable laser scanning was used to create the digital worn pavement model,and a hydroplaning finite element(FE)model for these digital worn pavements was constructed to evaluate coupling effects of the texture evolution and factors of slip ratio,slip angle,velocity and water film on braking-cornering characteristics of tire.In this study,the deterioration of skid-resistance of five typical asphalt pavements due the surface texture wear was systematically investigated by this framework.Compared with previous works,this study established the rubber friction models for each digital worn pavement considering the energy hysteresis of rubber and the power spectrum density of surface texture.And the rubber friction model was used to define the interaction behaviors between the tire and corresponding wore pavements in the FE hydroplaning model,rather than using an empirical friction model or a fixed friction coefficient.

A new kind of resin-based wet friction material:Non-woven fabrics with isotropic fiber networks as preforms

As an alternative to short fibers,non-woven fabrics(NWFs)were made using different types of long fibers to optimize the performance of paper-based friction materials and their technology.In this investigation,the fillers and resin were impregnated into these NWFs to prepare three kinds of wet friction material.The tribological,mechanical,and thermal properties of the new wet friction material were studied.The results indicate that the dynamic friction coefficient of the new friction material is approximately 0.12 and the static friction coefficient is approximately 0.15;the better wear rate is 0.81334×10^(-14)m^(3)·(N·m)^(-1).In addition,the temperature for 10%mass loss yielded 100°C enhancement and the tensile strength was improved by 200%,compared to previously reported values.Most importantly,the advantages include a simple preparation flow,low cost,and resource conservation.This is a promising approach for the future development of paper-based friction materials.

Improving wear resistance of magnesium alloy AZ91D by TiN-CrN multilayer coating

Applying a novel method of arc-glow plasma depositing, a 2μm-thick coating with 12 sub-layers of TiN and CrN was deposited alternately on the surface of magnesium alloy AZ91D to improve its wear resistance. The wear behavior was investigated by test of ball on disc sliding. The composition and microstructure of the coating were also analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and glow discharge spectrum (GDS), and the morphology of TiN-CrN film was surveyed through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atom force microscopy (AFM).The adhesion strength between film and matrix was evaluated by ways of stick-peeling test. The surface micro-hardness of the coating is above HK0.011 433, and the specific wear ratio of specimens coated with TiN-CrN films tested decreases greatly compared to that of the bare metal.

井底压力下牙轮钻头浮动套轴承性能分析

为了探究井底压力下215.9 mm牙轮钻头浮动套轴承的平衡转速比、摩擦学性能、油膜压力分布随内外间隙比的变化规律,修正了考虑浮动套轴承实际井下环境压力和牙轮钻头密封压差的Reynolds边界条件,利用MATLAB中的PDE Toolbox对浮动套轴承Reynolds方程进行数值求解,分析内外间隙比对浮动套轴承平衡转速比、油膜压力及摩擦因数的影响规律,结果表明:当环境压力为60 MPa、密封压差为20 MPa时,随内外间隙比增加,浮动套平衡转速比呈现先增大后减小的趋势;以轴承的摩擦因数和油膜压力作为综合评价指标,钻头浮动套轴承内外间隙比为2.0时,轴承的摩擦因数较小,油膜压力较高,其轴承综合性能较优;而当浮动套轴承内外间隙比为2.0时,随着环境压力的升高,浮动套轴承的摩擦扭矩和摩擦因数增加,从而加剧轴承的磨损。该研究为牙轮钻头浮动套轴承的结构参数优化及性能提升提供了基础理论支撑。

基于胎-面间接触力学特性的沥青路面抗滑模型研究

为了进一步表征沥青路面抗滑性能,通过对轮胎与路面间接触力学特性的分析,构建了沥青路面抗滑模型;以AC-13、GAC-13和UTAC-10的沥青混合料作为研究对象,采用激光纹理测量仪获取路面纹理三维信息,并开展压力胶片等相关试验获取模型中各参数值;通过模型结果与摆值的相关性分析验证模型的有效性,并探索模型中黏附摩擦作用和咬合作用对路面抗滑作用的贡献情况。结果显示:模型结果与摆值的相关性达0.9881,表明此模型能很好地表征沥青路面抗滑性能。各路面的黏附摩擦作用系数在0.3~0.4范围内均大于咬合作用系数(0.1~0.25范围内),表明道路运营初期时路面抗滑作用主要来源于黏附摩擦作用。此外,咬合作用系数高意味着在抗滑性能衰减中后期或者存在水等不利条件下路面具有更好的抗滑潜能。

表面粗糙度对SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1钢-石墨摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用旋转钢圆环-固定石墨圆环式端面摩擦副结构,对不同表面粗糙度(0.319,0.451,1.210,2.300,5.240μm)的SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1钢进行干摩擦磨损试验,研究了试验钢表面粗糙度对摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响,分析了磨损机制。结果表明:随着试验钢表面粗糙度增加,摩擦因数先减小后增大,表面粗糙度为0.451μm时最小,为5.240μm时最大;石墨的摩擦磨损质量损失整体呈增大趋势,磨损机制均以磨粒磨损为主。当表面粗糙度较低时,石墨在试验钢磨损面形成大面积光滑的转移膜,膜中碳含量较高;当表面粗糙度较高时,产生犁沟效应,石墨转移膜面积较小,膜中碳含量较少。

低摩擦因数热收缩BOPP包装薄膜的开发

研究了一种高性能BOPP薄膜的开发,采用特殊的原料配方和加工工艺制备。通过与标准型BOPP薄膜对比,跟踪30天内第1天、第7天、第15天、第30天的摩擦因数、热收缩率、光学性能,分析数据得出新开发薄膜的各性能都有所优化。该BOPP薄膜具有低摩擦因数、高热收缩性能和良好的光学性能。

考虑界面接触状态的湿式离合器扭矩特性

为提升重型车辆传动系统中湿式离合器可靠性及使用寿命,建立了考虑界面接触状态的湿式离合器扭矩模型,通过模型研究了不同参数对离合器扭矩特性的影响规律。首先,对湿式离合器进行仿真模拟,增加界面接触状态参数,搭建湿式离合器充油模型与结合模型。其次,基于SAE#2试验台开展湿式离合器扭矩试验,将仿真获得的结果与离合器试验数据进行对比,验证了仿真模型的有效性。最后,结合模型研究了油压、油温和碟形量对湿式离合器扭矩特性的影响规律。结果表明:考虑了界面接触状态的模型相较于传统模型具有更高的准确性,提高了22.30%;随着控制油压的减小,离合器的总扭矩降低,当压力从1.5 MPa减小到1.0 MPa时,扭矩峰值降低了22.38%,同时制动时间延长了46.05%;润滑油温度对离合器的黏性转矩和摩擦扭矩都具有一定程度的影响,温度越高,黏性转矩越小,摩擦扭矩越大,整体制动时间稍有减小;摩擦片碟形量对离合器扭矩的影响主要体现在扭矩产生时间,碟形量的增加会导致离合器制动时间增加。

限量供油条件下氧化石墨烯的润滑增效

为了研究在限量供油条件下氧化石墨烯(GO)对润滑增效的影响,利用球-盘点接触油膜润滑测量系统对PAO10(聚α-烯烃)和添加质量分数0.03%GO的PAO10进行膜厚和摩擦因数研究,分析卷吸速度、供油量、滑滚比、载荷等对GO润滑性能的影响。结果表明:在供油量较少及低速工况下,加入GO后摩擦因数下降最明显,并且能在一定程度上缓解乏油状况;随着卷吸速度的增大,加入GO前后摩擦因数和膜厚差别减小;当卷吸速度一定时,随着滑滚比的增大,乏油宽度增大,乏油更严重;当滑滚比一定,加入GO后乏油程度得到一定程度的改善;GO的润滑增效随供油量的增加而变弱;随着滑滚比的增加,油膜受到的剪切应力增大,导致GO的润滑增效降低;相比于低载条件,在高载条件下GO的润滑增效更加明显。

甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯改性乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物封装胶膜

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、苯乙烯(St)和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)为接枝单体,熔融接枝乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物(POE)制备POE-g-P(HEMA-co-St)(以下简称POE-g-PHS)和POE-g-P(HEMA-co-St-co-KH570)(以下简称POE-g-PHSK)。以过氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯(TBEC)为交联剂、POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK为改性剂,分别加入POE基材中,经熔融共混和层压交联制备POE/POE-g-PHS胶膜和POE/POE-g-PHSK胶膜,研究了POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK对胶膜的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK含量的增加,POE预制膜的防交联剂迁移能力明显提升;同时,POE胶膜交联度的提升和结晶度的变化也影响其综合性能。当POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK质量分数分别为9%和6%时,综合性能最优。预制膜表面摩擦系数变化率从17.13%分别降低到0.53%和0.49%,胶膜交联度从86.28%分别提高至89.87%和90.91%,剥离强度从12.86 N/cm分别提升至20.86 N/cm和32.14N/cm,同时,抗紫外老化性能、力学性能和体积电阻率等性能均有提升。