Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain’s connectome.Understanding astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network,particularly the population-level functions of neurons in ...Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain’s connectome.Understanding astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network,particularly the population-level functions of neurons in different cortical states and associated behaviors in mammals.Studies on animal sleep and wakefulness have revealed distinct cortical synchrony patterns between neurons.Astrocytes,outnumbering neurons by nearly fivefold,support and regulate neuronal and synaptic function.Recent research on astrocyte activation during cortical state transitions has emphasized the influence of norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and calcium waves as key components of ion channel signaling.This summary focuses on a few recent studies investigating astrocyte-neuron interactions in mouse models during sleep,wakefulness,and arousal levels,exploring the involvement of noradrenaline signaling,ion channels,and glutamatergic signaling in different cortical states.These findings highlight the significant impact of astrocytes on large-scale neuronal networks,influencing brain activity and responsiveness.Targeting astrocytic signaling pathways shows promise for treating sleep disorders and arousal dysregulation.More research is needed to understand astrocytic calcium signaling in different brain regions and its implications for dysregulated brain states,requiring future human studies to comprehensively investigate neuron-astrocyte interactions and pave the way for therapeutic interventions in sleep-and arousal-related disorders.展开更多
Mice carrying mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 genes （APP/PS1 double trans- genic mice） have frequently been used in studies of Alzheimer＇s disease; however, such studies have focused mainly on hip...Mice carrying mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 genes （APP/PS1 double trans- genic mice） have frequently been used in studies of Alzheimer＇s disease; however, such studies have focused mainly on hippocampal and cortical changes. The severity of Alzheimer＇s disease is known to correlate with the amount of amyloid-13 protein deposition and the number of dead neurons in the locus coeruleus. In the present study, we assigned APP/PS1 double transgenic mice to two groups according to age： young mice （5-6 months old） and aged mice （16-17 months old）. Age-matched wild-type mice were used as controls. Immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase （a marker of catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus） revealed that APP/PS1 mice had 23% fewer cells in the locus coeruleus compared with aged wild-type mice. APP/PS1 mice also had increased numbers of cell bodies of neurons positive for tyrosine hydroxylase, but fewer tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers, which were also short, thick and broken. Quantitative analysis using unbiased stereology showed a significant age-related increase in the mean volume of tyrosine hy- droxylase-positive neurons in aged APP/PS1 mice compared with young APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, the mean volume of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons was positively correlated with the total volume of the locus coeruleus. These findings indicate that noradrenergic neurons and fibers in the locus coeruleus are predisposed to degenerative alterations in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.展开更多
In present work,the effects of acupuncturing Renzhong（GV 26）and Zusanli（ST 36）on the neuronal activity of Locus Coeruleus（LC）in rats were observed and compared.The resultsindicated that the central mechanism o...In present work,the effects of acupuncturing Renzhong（GV 26）and Zusanli（ST 36）on the neuronal activity of Locus Coeruleus（LC）in rats were observed and compared.The resultsindicated that the central mechanism of promoting blood pressure（BP）by acupuncturing Renzhongwas related to the activity of LC;the influence of acupuncturing Renzhong on neuronal activity of LC was more obvious than that of acupuncturing Zusanli;and there was relative speciality between the acupoints.展开更多
目的探讨光遗传激活蓝斑(LC)去甲肾上腺素能神经元对异氟醚麻醉小鼠诱导觉醒的促进作用。方法将12只雄性酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)-Cre小鼠随机分为观察组和对照组,每组6只,分别在立体定位仪下于LC脑区注射兴奋性光遗传病毒(AAV-EF1a-DIO-ChR2-m...目的探讨光遗传激活蓝斑(LC)去甲肾上腺素能神经元对异氟醚麻醉小鼠诱导觉醒的促进作用。方法将12只雄性酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)-Cre小鼠随机分为观察组和对照组,每组6只,分别在立体定位仪下于LC脑区注射兴奋性光遗传病毒(AAV-EF1a-DIO-ChR2-mCherry)、空病毒(AAV-EF1a-DIO-mCherry)进行去甲肾上腺素能神经元刺激,并在LC脑区埋置光纤,颅骨放置三个脑电极。两组均给予蓝光刺激及1.4%异氟醚麻醉,记录麻醉诱导时间、麻醉觉醒时间。两组小鼠休息1周后,再次给予蓝光刺激及1.4%异氟醚麻醉,记录蓝光刺激前及刺激后5 min的脑电图,比较其爆发性抑制比率(BSR)。结果两组麻醉诱导时间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组麻醉觉醒时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组蓝光刺激5 min BSR低于同组蓝光刺激前及对照组蓝光刺激后5 min(P均<0.05),对照组蓝光刺激前及刺激后5 min BSR比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论光遗传激活LC去甲肾上腺素能神经元不会影响小鼠异氟醚麻醉的诱导时间,但会缩短其异氟醚麻醉的觉醒时间并降低脑电图BSR,从而促进异氟醚麻醉小鼠觉醒。展开更多
目的探讨颈交感神经阻滞(SB)对烧伤大鼠蓝斑神经元电生理变化的影响。方法成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为4组,对照组、对照SB组、烧伤组和烧伤SB组,每组5只。总体表面积(total body surface area,TBSA)20%Ⅲ度大鼠烧伤模型,4h后...目的探讨颈交感神经阻滞(SB)对烧伤大鼠蓝斑神经元电生理变化的影响。方法成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为4组,对照组、对照SB组、烧伤组和烧伤SB组,每组5只。总体表面积(total body surface area,TBSA)20%Ⅲ度大鼠烧伤模型,4h后观察蓝斑神经元放电,HE染色组织学定位,免疫组织化学方法验证。结果在放电频率、放电脉冲间隔(ISI)、众数和不对称指数(AI),对照组和对照SB组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);烧伤组和烧伤SB组放电频率显著高于对照组和对照SB组(P<0.01),而烧伤组又显著高于烧伤SB组(P<0.01);烧伤组和烧伤SB组ISI和众数显著高于对照组和对照SB组(P<0.01),而烧伤SB组又显著高于烧伤组(P<0.01);烧伤组和烧伤SB组AI显著高于对照组和对照SB组(P<0.01),而烧伤SB组和烧伤组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组织化学方法显示蓝斑神经元主要为多巴胺β羟化酶(DβH)神经元。结论 SB对烧伤的治疗作用中枢机制之一可能是通过抑制蓝斑神经元放电活动来实现。展开更多
基金supported by the Corbett Estate Fund(62285-531021-41800,to EW)the Helen Vosburg McCrillus Plummer and Robert Edward Lee Plummer,Jr.Chair Fund(to JHH).
文摘Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain’s connectome.Understanding astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network,particularly the population-level functions of neurons in different cortical states and associated behaviors in mammals.Studies on animal sleep and wakefulness have revealed distinct cortical synchrony patterns between neurons.Astrocytes,outnumbering neurons by nearly fivefold,support and regulate neuronal and synaptic function.Recent research on astrocyte activation during cortical state transitions has emphasized the influence of norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and calcium waves as key components of ion channel signaling.This summary focuses on a few recent studies investigating astrocyte-neuron interactions in mouse models during sleep,wakefulness,and arousal levels,exploring the involvement of noradrenaline signaling,ion channels,and glutamatergic signaling in different cortical states.These findings highlight the significant impact of astrocytes on large-scale neuronal networks,influencing brain activity and responsiveness.Targeting astrocytic signaling pathways shows promise for treating sleep disorders and arousal dysregulation.More research is needed to understand astrocytic calcium signaling in different brain regions and its implications for dysregulated brain states,requiring future human studies to comprehensively investigate neuron-astrocyte interactions and pave the way for therapeutic interventions in sleep-and arousal-related disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81100663the Scientific Research Funds of the Health Department of Hunan Province, No.120303+1 种基金Hunan Provincal Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 13JJ3058a grant from the Scientific Research Program of Hunan Provincial Higher Education Institutes, No. 11C0829
文摘Mice carrying mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 genes （APP/PS1 double trans- genic mice） have frequently been used in studies of Alzheimer＇s disease; however, such studies have focused mainly on hippocampal and cortical changes. The severity of Alzheimer＇s disease is known to correlate with the amount of amyloid-13 protein deposition and the number of dead neurons in the locus coeruleus. In the present study, we assigned APP/PS1 double transgenic mice to two groups according to age： young mice （5-6 months old） and aged mice （16-17 months old）. Age-matched wild-type mice were used as controls. Immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase （a marker of catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus） revealed that APP/PS1 mice had 23% fewer cells in the locus coeruleus compared with aged wild-type mice. APP/PS1 mice also had increased numbers of cell bodies of neurons positive for tyrosine hydroxylase, but fewer tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers, which were also short, thick and broken. Quantitative analysis using unbiased stereology showed a significant age-related increase in the mean volume of tyrosine hy- droxylase-positive neurons in aged APP/PS1 mice compared with young APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, the mean volume of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons was positively correlated with the total volume of the locus coeruleus. These findings indicate that noradrenergic neurons and fibers in the locus coeruleus are predisposed to degenerative alterations in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.
文摘In present work,the effects of acupuncturing Renzhong（GV 26）and Zusanli（ST 36）on the neuronal activity of Locus Coeruleus（LC）in rats were observed and compared.The resultsindicated that the central mechanism of promoting blood pressure（BP）by acupuncturing Renzhongwas related to the activity of LC;the influence of acupuncturing Renzhong on neuronal activity of LC was more obvious than that of acupuncturing Zusanli;and there was relative speciality between the acupoints.
文摘目的探讨光遗传激活蓝斑(LC)去甲肾上腺素能神经元对异氟醚麻醉小鼠诱导觉醒的促进作用。方法将12只雄性酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)-Cre小鼠随机分为观察组和对照组,每组6只,分别在立体定位仪下于LC脑区注射兴奋性光遗传病毒(AAV-EF1a-DIO-ChR2-mCherry)、空病毒(AAV-EF1a-DIO-mCherry)进行去甲肾上腺素能神经元刺激,并在LC脑区埋置光纤,颅骨放置三个脑电极。两组均给予蓝光刺激及1.4%异氟醚麻醉,记录麻醉诱导时间、麻醉觉醒时间。两组小鼠休息1周后,再次给予蓝光刺激及1.4%异氟醚麻醉,记录蓝光刺激前及刺激后5 min的脑电图,比较其爆发性抑制比率(BSR)。结果两组麻醉诱导时间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组麻醉觉醒时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组蓝光刺激5 min BSR低于同组蓝光刺激前及对照组蓝光刺激后5 min(P均<0.05),对照组蓝光刺激前及刺激后5 min BSR比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论光遗传激活LC去甲肾上腺素能神经元不会影响小鼠异氟醚麻醉的诱导时间,但会缩短其异氟醚麻醉的觉醒时间并降低脑电图BSR,从而促进异氟醚麻醉小鼠觉醒。
文摘目的探讨颈交感神经阻滞(SB)对烧伤大鼠蓝斑神经元电生理变化的影响。方法成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为4组,对照组、对照SB组、烧伤组和烧伤SB组,每组5只。总体表面积(total body surface area,TBSA)20%Ⅲ度大鼠烧伤模型,4h后观察蓝斑神经元放电,HE染色组织学定位,免疫组织化学方法验证。结果在放电频率、放电脉冲间隔(ISI)、众数和不对称指数(AI),对照组和对照SB组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);烧伤组和烧伤SB组放电频率显著高于对照组和对照SB组(P<0.01),而烧伤组又显著高于烧伤SB组(P<0.01);烧伤组和烧伤SB组ISI和众数显著高于对照组和对照SB组(P<0.01),而烧伤SB组又显著高于烧伤组(P<0.01);烧伤组和烧伤SB组AI显著高于对照组和对照SB组(P<0.01),而烧伤SB组和烧伤组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组织化学方法显示蓝斑神经元主要为多巴胺β羟化酶(DβH)神经元。结论 SB对烧伤的治疗作用中枢机制之一可能是通过抑制蓝斑神经元放电活动来实现。
