Effect of comprehensive intervention model based on drugpsychology-society-skills on medication compliance and cognitive ability of chronic schizophrenia patients

BACKGROUND The intervention value of a drug-psycho-social-skill model on medication compliance and cognitive ability in patients with chronic schizophrenia was unknown.AIM To explore the intervention value of a drug-psycho-social-skill model on medication compliance and cognitive ability in patients with chronic schizophrenia.METHODS Overall,98 out-patients and in-patients with chronic schizophrenia treated in our hospital from February 2022 to January 2023 were included and randomly divided into the study(50 patients)and control groups(48 patients).For 3 months,the control group was treated with conventional drugs,and the research group with a comprehensive intervention model of drug-psychology-society-skills.Data were obtained for the mini mental assessment scale(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assessment scale(MoCA),positive and negative symptom scale,insight and treatment attitude scale,cognitive ability scale and social skills[personal and social function scale(PSP)].The adverse reactions were observed.RESULTS After the intervention,the MMSE and MoCA scores improved in both groups.MoCA scores in the study group(26.58±3.21)were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the control group(24.68±3.02),MMSE scores were not significantly higher.Post-intervention,positive and negative symptom scores improved in both groups,and the positive and negative symptom scores in the study group[(12.01±2.58)and(32.51±2.11)]were significantly(P<0.05)different than those in the control group[(14.54±2.33)and(33.74±2.55)].Post-intervention,insight and treatment attitudes questionnaire scores of both groups were improved and compared with the control group(7.97±3.02),the study group(13.56±6.35)had significantly(P<0.05)higher scores.Post-intervention,the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery score of both groups was improved and compared with the control group(38.44±6.23),the score of the study group was significantly(P<0.05)increased(43.51±6.01).Post-intervention,the PSP score of the study group(78.38±6.63)was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of the control group(74.52±7.01).During the intervention period,the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 6.25%,not significantly different from that in the control group(8.33%).During the intervention,both groups experienced adverse reactions,with no significant difference between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The comprehensive intervention model based on drug-psychology-society-skills has obvious intervention effects on patients with chronic schizophrenia,which improves their cognitive ability and reduces their positive and negative symptoms.Simultaneously,it improves the self-knowledge of patients,improves their attitude toward treatment,effectively promotes the recovery of patients'social functions,and is safe.Therefore,it is worthy of being vigorously promoted and widely used in clinics.

Effect of aerobic intermittent exercise on the decreased cognitive ability induced by PM_(2.5)exposure in rats

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of aerobic intermittent exercise on cognitive impairment by PM_(2.5)exposure.Methods:Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups:sedentary,exercise,sedentary+PM_(2.5)exposure,and exercise+PM_(2.5)exposure.The exercise groups underwent 8 weeks of exercise training(5 days of exercise per week).Subsequently,PM_(2.5)exposure groups were subjected to PM_(2.5)for three weeks.Post-exposure,we assessed cognitive abilities(shuttle box test),hippocampal tissue structure,related inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),the protein of inflammatory responses mechanism(P65,IκκB)and cognitiverelated protein levels(BDNF,Aβ-42).Results:PM_(2.5)exposure caused cognitive impairment,abnormal histopathological changes,reduced cognitive related protein and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Analysis of shuttle box test data revealed significant main effects on the passive avoidance latency times measured in rats(p<0.05).Aerobic intermittent exercise improves spatial learning decline in rats induced by PM_(2.5).Conversely,the Exercise+PM_(2.5)group demonstrated a significant reduction in latency of 24.9%compared to the Sedentary+PM_(2.5)group(p<0.05,ES=1.41).Conclustion:Aerobic intermittent exercise may help in protecting against the decrease of cognitive ability induced by PM_(2.5)exposure.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract improves the cognitive abilities of rats with D-galactose induced dementia

Standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been used in clinical trials for its beneficial effects on brain func- tions, particularly in dementia. Substantial experimental evidences indicated that Ginkgo biloba leaf extract （EGB） protected neuronal cells from a variety of insults. We investigated the effect of EGB on cognitive ability and protein kinase B （PKB） activity in hippocampal neuronal cells of dementia model rats. Rats received an intra- peritoneal injection of D-galactose to induce dementia. Forty-eight Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, including the control group, D-galactose group （Gal）, low-dose EGB group （EGB-L）, mid-dose EGB group （EGB-M）, high-dose EGB group （EGB-H） and treatment group. The EGB-L, EGB-M and EGB-H groups were administered with EGB and D-galactose simultaneously. Y-maze, cresyl violet staining, TUNEL assays and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect learning and memory abilities, morpho- logical changes in the hippocampus, neuronal apoptosis and the expressing level of phospho-PKB, respectively. Rats in the Gal group showed decreased abilities of learning and memory, and hippocampal pyramidal cell layer was damaged, while EGB administration improved learning and memory abilities. The Gal group exhibited many stained, condensed nuclei and micronuclei, either isolated or within the cytoplasm of cells （39.5 ± 1.4）. Apoptotic cells decreased in the groups of EGB-L （35.9±0.9）, EGB-M （16.8± 1.0） and EGB-H （10.1±0.8）, and there were statistical significances compared with the Gal group. Immunoreactivity of phospho-PKB was localized diffusely throughout the cytosol of cells in all groups, while the immunoreactivity of the Gal group was weak. EGB signifi- cantly attenuated learning and memory impairment in a dose-dependent manner, while it could decrease the nmber of TUNEL-positive cells, and increase the activity of PKB. Our results demonstrated that EGB attenuated memory impairment and cell apoptosis in galactose-induced dementia model rats by activating PKB.

Treatment Effects of Acupuncture and Calligraphy Training on Cognitive Abilities in Senile Demented Patients

Purpose:This study compared the relative effectiveness of Chinese calligraphy handwriting(CCH)and acupuncture in the treatment of patients with senile dementia.Materials and Methods:A randomized controlled trial(RCT)with 17 mild-to-moderate dementia patients with an average age of 77.29 years were randomly assigned with 9 to the calligraphy handwriting group and 8 to the acupuncture treatment group for a month of consecutive treatment.The participants'cognitive abilities,as well as symptoms of senile dementia,were measured by the Chinese version of the Mini-mental State Examination(CMMSE)and the Chinese Medicine Quantitative Diagnostic Survey for Senile Dementia Symptoms,respectively,before and after the treatment.Results:The calligraphy group showed a significant increase in calculation and memory as well as a decline in the symptoms of senile dementia.Patients in the acupuncture group experienced a significant growth in total CMMSE scores and the subscales in orientation to time and place,behavioral operations,as well as reduced clinical symptoms.However,no significant changes were found in their memory and calculation abilities.Conclusion:Both CCH and acupuncture treatments were found significantly effective for,respectively,enhancing the patients'cognitive abilities and reducing their clinical symptoms.Further,calligraphy handwriting also improved the level of their attention and concentration,physical relaxation,and emotional stability.

Cerebral arterial blood flow,attention,and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension,and surgery is currently the main treatment for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,but the bleeding caused by surgery will cause damage to the patient's nerve cells,resulting in cognitive and motor dysfunction,resulting in a decline in the patient's quality of life.AIM To investigate associations between cerebral arterial blood flow and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.METHODS Eighty-nine patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and July 2021 were selected as the observation group,while 100 patients without depression who had acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were selected as the control group.The attention span of the patients was assessed using the Paddle Pin Test while executive function was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-24)was used to evaluate the severity of depression of involved patients.Cerebral arterial blood flow was measured in both groups.RESULTS The MoCA score,net scores I,II,III,IV,and the total net score of the scratch test in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Concurrently,the total number of responses,number of incorrect responses,number of persistent errors,and number of completed responses of the first classification in the WCST test were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery were positively correlated with the net and total net scores of each part of the Paddle Pin test and the MoCA score(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with each part of the WCST test(P<0.05).In the observation group,the post-treatment improvement was more prominent in the Paddle Pin test,WCST test,HAMD-24 score,and MoCA score compared with those in the pre-treatment period(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery significantly improved in the observation group after treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Impaired attention,and executive and cognitive functions are correlated with cerebral artery blood flow in patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and warrant further study.

Effects of oxygen concentration and flow rate on cognitive ability and physiological responses in the elderly

The supply of highly concentrated oxygen positively affects cognitive processing in normal young adults. However, there have been few reports on changes in cognitive ability in elderly subjects following highly concentrated oxygen administration. This study investigated changes in cognitive ability, blood oxygen saturation （%）, and heart rate （beats/min） in normal elderly subjects at three different levels of oxygen [21% （1 L/min）, 93% （1 L/min）, and 93% （5 L/min）] administered during a 1-back task. Eight elderly male （75.3 ＋ 4.3 years old） and 10 female （71.1 ＋ 3.9 years old） subjects, who were normal in cognitive ability as shown by a score of more than 24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea, participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of an adaptation phase after the start of oxygen administration （3 minutes）, a control phase to obtain stable baseline measurements of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation before the task （2 minutes） and a task phase during which the 1-back task was performed （2 minutes）. Three levels of oxygen were administered throughout the three phases （7 minutes）. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured during each phase. Our results show that blood oxygen saturation increased, heart rate decreased, and response time in the 1-back task decreased as the concentration and amount of administered oxygen increased. This shows that administration of sufficient oxygen for optimal cognitive functioning increases blood oxygen saturation and decreases heart rate.

Analysis of the Role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Care in Thyroid Cancer Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 72 cases.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy based on standard nursing practices.The self-care ability(self-concept,self-efficacy,self-care skills,health knowledge level),coping style(confrontation,avoidance,and surrender),and quality of life(psychological function,social function,material life,physical function)of both groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results:In comparison to the pre-intervention period,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher self-care ability,quality of life,and confrontation scores after the intervention,as opposed to the control group.Additionally,the avoidance and surrender scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,with these differences proving to be statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The application of cognitive behavioral therapy can enhance the self-care ability of thyroid cancer patients,aid in better disease coping,and improve their overall quality of life.This approach is deserving of further promotion.

Impact of community public health care on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND At present,China has become the country with the largest number of individuals with diabetes mellitus(DM)in the world,with a total of approximately 140 million patients,the majority of whom have type 2 DM(T2DM).Based on conven-tional nursing methods,community home care has important clinical significance in controlling blood sugar and disease progression.AIM To explore the impact of community public health nursing on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with T2DM.METHODS One hundred patients with T2DM were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into either a conventional nursing group or community nursing(CN)group using the random number table method.The conventional nursing group(50 cases)received routine care,while the CN group(50 cases)received community public health care in addition to routine care as that for the conventional nursing group.The rate of excellent and good blood glucose control,fasting blood glucose before and after care,2-h postprandial blood glucose,health cognition,and self-management ability,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The CN group had a higher rate of excellent blood sugar control than the conventional nursing group(88%vs 70%,P<0.05).Before care,there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose or 2-h postprandial blood glucose between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After nursing,fasting blood glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were reduced to varying degrees in both groups,and both blood glucose levels in the CN group were lower than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).Compared with the scores before care,the cognitive level score for diabetes and self-management ability score improved after care in both groups.The cognitive level and self-management ability of patients in the CN group were higher than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).The overall satisfaction of the CN group was better than that of the conventional nursing group(98%vs 86%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Community public health care based on conventional care of T2DM can achieve better blood sugar control,and improve patients’health cognitive level and self-management ability.

Does Cognitive Interference Induce Measurement Bias in Cognitive Ability Tests?

The aim of this paper was to test for measurement bias, due to cognitive interference on cognitive ability tests, using a structural equation modeling technique. The sample consisted of 231 undergraduate students who were examined with three tests addressed to numerical ability, space visualization and inductive ability, respectively. They were also asked to respond to the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire tapping task-oriented worries while working on the aforementioned tests. In comparing two nested models, one hypothesizing measurement bias due to cognitive interference and one not, results show that the test tapping inductive ability displays measurement bias due to cognitive interference.

Construction of Structural Elements and Characteristic System of Athletes’Cognitive Ability

Cognitive ability is important component of competitive ability of athletes,an important content of winning elements in sports,and an important topic of modern sports training and scientific research.These problems will restrict the improvement of athletes’cognitive ability and mental level.Based on the theory of psychology,use multiple hierarchical thinking,research cognitive theory of sports and the characteristics of cognitive ability of elite athletes,research the structure element system of cognitive ability,construct a two-level structure model of the cognitive ability of excellent athletes,summarize specific characteristics of the first level elements,and apply psychological cognitive theory to the training of modern Olympic Games mobilization,so as to provide valuable cognitive training,psychological training,and intelligence training for athletes theoretical guidance.

On the Apriority and Self-renewal of Cognitive Ability

Human cognition ability comes from sensory experience or gift concept.This is the difference between empiricism and rationalism in the two major factions of Western European philosophy in the 16th and 18th centuries.The weakness of empiricism is that it is impossible to obtain knowledge with universal necessity from complicated experience,and the inability to obtain new knowledge is the weakness of theory.How to reconcile the contradiction between the two has become a new theme.This paper will cut into the three aspects of philosophy,geometry,and modern business economy,and explore the innate nature of cognitive ability and the characteristics of human self-renewal that are manifested in the process of self-development of cognitive ability.Its significance is not only to explore the essence of human beings,but also to give hope to the multiple possibilities of human beings.

County-level USA:No Robust Relationship between Geoclimatic Variables and Cognitive Ability

Using a sample of~3,100 U.S.counties,we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography.These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography,even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations.Our results generally do not support UV radiation(UVR)based or other geoclimatic models.Specifically,although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S.county-level(β=-.33),its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates(β=-.16),and was reduced even further with a spatial lag(β=-.10).For climate models,average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag(β=.35).However,the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses.Moreover,when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity,no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag.Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model.Instead,results seemed to provide support for compositional models.

The Investigation Report of Farmers' Political Cognition and Ability

In order to investigate the situation of political cognition and ability,the research group had surveyed some rural areas by the methods of questionnaires,literature review and case interviews.The data results showed that farmers had an independent ability of political judgment,but on the other hand the actual voting rate was very low.In a word,there is a long way to improve farmers’political cognition and ability.

Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity during cognitive task-induced cerebral fatigue in high performance fighter pilots

BACKGROUND： Several studies have demonstrated that sustained cognitive tasks can induce cognitive fatigue and that the mean cerebral blood flow velocity changes in some cerebral regions during cerebral fatigue. OBJECTIVE： To dynamically monitor the changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in different brain regions of high performance fighter pilots during mental arithmetic tasks and consecutive performance tasks. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present neurophysiological trial, based on controlled observation, was performed at the Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force of China between January 2003 and December 2005. PARTICIPANTS： Forty-five males, high performance fighter pilots, averaging （27.6±2.5） years, were recruited for this study. METHODS： The mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery of subjects was dynamically tested using transcranial Doppler during 5- hour mental arithmetic tasks and during 5- hour consecutive performance tasks. The neurobehavioral ability index was analyzed throughout each trial according to the number of correct responses, false responses, and lost responses. Simultaneously, cerebral cognitive fatigue-induced lethargy was assessed by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery; neurobehavioral ability index of mental arithmetic and consecutive performance tasks; Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores. RESULTS： During mental arithmetic tasks, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery increased during hour 2 and decreased after hour 4. There was no significant change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. During hour 4, cerebral cognitive fatigue was observed and, simultaneously, Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores demonstrated the presence of fatigue. During such a stage, the neurobehavioral ability index decreased, indicating a decline in performance ability. During consecutive performance tasks, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity declined earlier in the posterior cerebral artery compared to the middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSION： Five- hour mental arithmetic tasks have few effects on cerebral functions and do not lead to a significant change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity. Five-hour consecutive performance tasks can induce cerebral cognitive fatigue, and a marked decline in mean cerebral blood flow velocity.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Cognitive and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Preserving AKT and ERK Activities

Progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment are the main clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Currently,there is no effective drug available for the treatment of AD.Previous studies have demonstrated that the cognitive impairment of AD is associated with oxidative stress and the inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation.Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE)has been shown to have strong antioxidant effect and can protect the nervous system from oxidative stress damage.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GSPE on the cognitive and synaptic impairments of AD using a sporadic AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular(ICV)injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(ICV-STZ).Rats were treated with GSPE(50,100,or 200 mg/kg every day)by intragastrical(ig.)administration for continuous 7 weeks,and ICV-STZ(3 mg/kg)was performed on the first day and third day of week 5.Learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM)test at week 8.After behavioral test,hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP)was recorded,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutases(SOD),glutathione(GSH)and the protein expression of AKT and ERK were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.Our study revealed that ICV-STZ significantly impaired the working learning ability and hippocampal LTP of rats,significantly increased the levels of MDA,and decreased the activity of SOD and GSH in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.In contrast,GSPE treatment prevented the impairment of cognitive function and hippocampal LTP induced by ICV-STZ,decreased the level of MDA,and increased the level of SOD and GSH.Furthermore,Western blot results showed that GSPE treatment could prevent the loss of AKT and ERK activities in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by ICV-STZ.Our findings demonstrate that GSPE treatment could ameliorate the impairment of cognitive ability and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of sporadic AD by inhibiting oxidative stress and preserving AKT and ERK activities.Therefore,GSPE may be an effective agent for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with sporadic AD.

Does Light Exposure during Embryonic Development Affect Cognitive Behavior in a Lizard?

Light is essential for embryonic development in many ovipa rous animals including fish,amphibians,and birds.However,light may be harmful for reptile embryos developing underground where they are in complete darkness and beneath thin eggshells.Nonetheless,how embryonic light conditions affect reptile development and offspring remains largely unknown.Here we incubated eggs in dark and light conditions to determine the effects of light exposure on embryonic development and offspring visual ability,spa tial cognitive ability and growth in a lacertid lizard,Eremias argus.Our experiments demonstrated that light stimulation shortened incubation duration of eggs,but did not affect hatching success,offspring size,visual ability or survival More interestingly,light exposure during incuba tion decreased spa tial cognitive ability and post-hatching growth of offspring On the basis of nega tive effects on offspring growth rates,our study indicates that in squamate reptiles with thin eggshells,light exposure in early development has negative effects on offspring cognitive ability.

Creative Problem-Solving and Music: Analyzing the Correlation between Music and Divergent Thinking Abilities

This research paper delves into the connection, between problem-solving and music. It’s a topic that has piqued the interest of scholars in fields, including science and neuroscience. The study explores how music can influence our ability to think divergently which is an aspect of creative thinking. It builds upon advancements in methods to investigate the relationship between music and divergent thinking aiming to uncover potential correlations. Doing it offers insights into the interplay between artistic expression and cognitive innovation. This research combines an analysis of existing literature with data collected from a group of participants shedding light on how music impacts our capacity for creative thinking. It demonstrates that music plays a role as a catalyst, for stimulating and enhancing thinking abilities.

Higher Education Expansion, Selections Based on Non-Cognitive Abilities and Gender Differences: The Case of China

We assess how implicit selections based on non-cognitive abilities may have changed in the context of the great higher education expansion in China,applying the classic supply-demand framework and utilizing the Big Five personality model.Using the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data from 2012,difference-in-difference(DID),difference-in-difference-in-difference(DDD)and descriptive analyses establish the following three major findings.First,from the generation entering college before the expansion-post-70s-to the generation entering college after the expansion-post-80s and post-90s-implicit selections in higher education based on personality have weakened with the increased supply of higher education opportunities.Second,selections have significantly weakened in terms of the openness dimension of personality,yet there is some evidence that selections have strengthened in terms of conscientiousness.This reflects that open-mindedness has become a relatively higher supply trait and conscientiousness has become a relatively lower supply trait among members of the post-90s generation.Third,selections have weakened only on the openness dimension for males,but on multiple dimensions beginning with agreeableness for females,reflecting a greatly increased supply of higher education opportunities for females with this dominant trait.The finding on strengthened selections based on conscientiousness has important implications for what and how to educate today’s college students.

拥有兄弟姐妹如何影响青少年的认知能力和主观幸福感?

本研究对兄弟姐妹数量与青少年成长之间的关系进行了全面的理论探讨,并利用2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,为识别兄弟姐妹对青少年认知能力和主观幸福感的影响提供了微观证据。实证研究结果表明:拥有1个兄弟姐妹对青少年的主观幸福感有积极影响,这种影响效应随年龄增长而加强,并且在成年后依旧保持稳定;拥有兄弟姐妹可能对青少年的数学类认知能力产生负向影响,这种影响主要体现在较低学段样本中,并随年龄增长逐渐消失。本研究为父母制定生育决策时更有效地开展成本收益分析提供了支持,也为缓解养育焦虑、完善生育政策以及促进人口可持续发展提供了政策启示。

HABILITATION护理在阿尔茨海默病患者中的应用价值

目的探讨对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者实施HABILITATION护理的临床效果。方法本次选取2016年8月-2018年7月本院收治98例AD患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、研究组,各49例。对照组患者实施康复医学科常规护理方案,研究组在此基础上实施HABILITATION护理,分析对比两组患者干预前、后生活能力、认知功能及抑郁情绪变化。结果干预前研究组ADL评分、MMSE评分、SDS评分与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组干预3个月及6个月ADL评分、MMSE评分较干预前均提高,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;干预3个月及6个月后研究组的ADL评分、MMSE评分均高于对照组,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;研究组SDS评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论对AD患者而言,HABILITATION护理可更有效提高患者生活能力,改善认知功能,同时消除轻度AD患者抑郁情绪。