Study on the distribution,abundance and growth condition of Antarctic Krill(Euphausia superba)in the Prydz Bay region,Antarctica during the Austral summer of 1999/2000

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were collected from the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1999/2000. The sample - collection was made at 15 sites in 3 longitudinal transects. Although krill were encountered at 14 sites, the abundance was comparatively low in general. The main component of the krill population was of post -larval stages. The mean numerical and weight density of krill integrated for all sampling stations in the survey area were 16. 17 ind. 1000 m -3and 12.02 g 1000 m -3 , respectively. In the survey area, stations with larger krill density are mainly located in the slope zone, except that the largest sample was collected in the open sea zone. No krill occurred in the only station of the shelf zone during our investigation. Krill collected from the slope zone were under better growth condition than those from the open sea zone, but when the survey area is considered as a whole, the growth condition is normal. The results of the comprehensive analysis of the environmental factors show that the three large sample stations seem to be related with the cold water mass at 75 m depth and the confluence area between the high and low Chla centers at the depth of 25 m.

Synthesis of （2E）－α，β－Unsaturated Amides Catalyzed by Micro Palladium Under Solid－Liquid Phase－Transfer Conditions

Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆ（２Ｅ）－α，β－ＵｎｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄＡｍｉｄｅｓＣａｔａｌｙｚｅｄｂｙＭｉｃｒｏＰａｌｌａｄｉｕｍＵｎｄｅｒＳｏｌｉｄ－ＬｉｑｕｉｄＰｈａｓｅ－ＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒＣｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓＤＵＪｉｎ－ｘｉｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒｒｍｅｎｔｏ...

胜利油田“十四五”勘探形势与发展战略

经历60余年的勘探开发,作为胜利探区增储主体的济阳坳陷富油凹陷中浅层及准噶尔盆地西缘超剥带的常规油气已处于成熟勘探阶段,勘探目标日趋复杂隐蔽,规模增储难度持续增加,亟需加强勘探形势研判与资源潜力评价,制定针对性勘探发展战略,保障胜利油田勘探可持续发展。通过开展胜利探区东西部勘探状况与勘探形势梳理,资源潜力及增储领域分析,明确了其剩余资源潜力与有利勘探方向,认为胜利探区仍具有可持续发展的资源基础,其中深层-超深层具有规模增储的资源潜力,外围低勘探程度区具有较大的勘探潜力,非常规油气是现实的资源接替领域;提出了实施“类型上由常规为主向常非并重转变、层系上由中浅层向深层-超深层转变、区域上由老油区向全探区综合勘探转变”的“三大勘探战略转变”,制定了“立足全区、决胜深层、常非并重、统筹推进”的勘探发展思路;提出了“坚持低勘探程度区攻坚实现新突破、坚持深层-超深层探索形成规模增储新阵地、坚持常非并重实现稳定增储、坚持高效管理推进勘探高质量发展”的发展路径,为胜利油田勘探高质量发展指明了方向,也为渤海湾盆地、准噶尔盆地类似探区的勘探提供了思路和方向借鉴。

高含水油田剩余油研究方法、分布特征与发展趋势

为了提高高含水油田剩余油研究与评价效果,基于大量文献调研,梳理了剩余油的概念、影响因素,从剩余油微观分布、宏观分布和饱和度定量分析3个方面总结了剩余油研究方法及其适用条件,概括了水驱油藏、稠油油藏和化学驱油藏的剩余油分布特征,进一步提出了目前剩余油研究的难点和发展趋势。结果表明:剩余油的影响因素主要包括地质构造、沉积微相、储层非均质性和井网密度、井网模式、注采系统的完善程度、生产动态等;剩余油研究方法包括实验分析方法、数值模拟方法和矿场测试方法等,各种方法的研究目的和适用条件不同,测试结果反映不同位置、不同尺度下的剩余油饱和度分布;高含水油田剩余油分布总体呈现高度分散和相对富集的特征,剩余油微观分布呈现连续相和非连续相多种形式;剩余油研究发展趋势包括但不限于以下5方面:超大物理模型的构建、多尺度高分辨率成像系统集成、考虑不同驱替介质及物性时变与非连续相非线性渗流的数值模拟改进方法、多学科多方法矿场测试的综合应用及大数据人工智能的广泛应用。

新疆黑山低阶煤镜质组的分离及其微生物降解研究

利用重液离心法分离出新疆黑山低阶煤中的镜质组,采用土壤水微菌对低阶煤镜质组进行降解实验。通过偏光显微镜分析结果可知,镜质组的最佳分离密度区间为1.15~1.20 kg/m^(3),此区间内镜质组的富集产率达到92.50%。土壤水微菌降解镜质组的最佳工艺条件为:煤浆浓度0.60 g/50 mL培养基,菌液用量8 mL/50 mL培养基,降解时间13 d,此时降解率为24.35%。FTIR分析和XRD分析结果表明,微生物降解后,镜质组的脂肪烃、芳香烃吸收峰减弱,羧基和硝基的吸收峰消失,芳香层间距增加,芳香层数减小,说明镜质组中的有机大分子已被土壤水微菌降解为小分子。GC-MS分析结果表明,镜质组的液相产物中主要含有脂肪烃、芳香烃、酯类和胺类等小分子物质,其中脂肪烃类物质的含量最高。

真实非均匀受火边界下STRC柱的温度分布及材料性能退化分析

为揭示真实火灾边界下钢管约束钢筋混凝土(steel tubed reinforced concrete,STRC)柱的耐火性能,采用ABAQUS软件对考虑墙体影响的非均匀受火边界下方形STRC柱的温度场进行分析,获取了受火边界、墙体、柱截面尺寸、墙体导热系数和厚度等参数下受火柱的温度分布、钢材和混凝土的等效强度折减和弹性模量折减情况。结果表明:相较于无墙体受火边界,真实火灾边界下方形STRC柱的温度分布更不均匀,但等效强度折减系数总体上更高;非均匀受火柱的混凝土平均温度和钢管平均温度均低于四面受火柱,且受火面越少,构件整体温度越低,等效强度越高;构件整体温度和等效强度折减程度随柱截面尺寸、墙体厚度的增大和材料导热系数的减小而降低。

基于行为转变理论模式下综合护理联合温针灸干预对中风患者认知功能的影响

目的:观察基于行为转变理论模式下综合护理联合温针灸干预对中风患者认知功能的影响。方法:选择中风患者240例为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组各120例。对照组给予康复治疗及常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上给予基于行为转变理论模式下综合护理及温针灸进行干预。治疗6个月后,比较2组遵医行为、并发症发生率,以及干预前后临床记忆量表记忆商(MQ)、简短精神状态量表(MMSE)及生活质量评分。结果:治疗后,研究组遵医行为量表中饮食、服药、情绪管理、运动评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组MQ、MMSE评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且研究组MQ、MMSE评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组偏瘫、误吸、跌倒、非计划性拔管发生率分别为0、3.33%、4.17%、5.83%,对照组分别为10.00%、15.83%、20.83%、20.83%,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组生活质量量表中躯体角色、社会、情绪角色评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且研究组上述各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于行为转变理论模式下综合护理联合温针灸治疗中风,可显著改善患者的认知功能和治疗依从性,提高生活质量,明显降低并发症发生率。

行政犯的立法扩张与司法限缩——以违法性认识为中心的考察

行政犯立法扩张带来的犯罪圈尤其是轻罪圈的扩张备受质疑,集中体现在对于违背刑法谦抑性的担忧和对于象征性立法的批判。谦抑的最终实现是刑罚的退位或减让,而非立法对社会风险的坐视不管;象征性立法通过回应舆情民意实现初步社会治理的功能值得肯定。庞杂且专业的行政规则并不在一般人的“常识、常情、常理”认知中,违法性认识推定必然会导致“强人所难”,侵蚀自由。随着行政犯时代的全面到来,违法性认识应当成为行政犯罪的必备条件。违法一元论无法解决违法性认识和责任之间的比例或均衡问题,只有将违法性认识限缩解释为刑事违法性认识,才符合主客观一致原则,实现罪责刑的均衡。以犯罪主观构成要件中的罪过要素为基础可以将违法性认识错误分为疏忽大意型、过于自信型和意外型认识错误三类,依照罪责刑相适应原则可对其减免一定的刑事责任。

重复经颅磁刺激联合认知训练治疗脑卒中后认知障碍疗效Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析评价重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合认知训练治疗脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)患者的疗效。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wangfang Data)、维普中文期刊全文数据库(VIP)等数据库中有关rTMS联合认知训练治疗PSCI患者的临床随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时间为建库至2023年6月。主要结局指标包括蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、行为记忆测验法(RBMT)评分。由2名评审员使用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具评估文献质量,使用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。计数资料采用比值比(OR)或相对风险比(RR)表示;计量资料采用均数差(MD)或标准化均数差(SMD)表示,并计算其95%置信区间(CI)。根据I 2和P值大小判断异质性,若P≥0.10,I2≤50%,使用固定效应模型;若P<0.10,I2>50%,则使用随机效应模型。结果 共纳入23项研究,1 788例患者,其中对照组895例、试验组893例。(1) MoCA评分:按对照组不同治疗方法进行亚组分析结果显示,试验组MoCA评分均明显高于对照组[MD=1.78,95%CI(1.18,2.38),P<0.000 1;MD=3.30,95%CI(3.01,3.58),P<0.000 01];按刺激频率进行亚组分析结果显示,试验组MoCA评分均高于对照组[MD=3.49,95%CI(3.40,3.57),P<0.000 01;MD=3.16,95%CI(2.79,3.53),P<0.000 01]。(2) MMSE评分:试验组MMSE评分均高于对照组[MD=2.14,95%CI(1.14,3.15),P<0.000 1;MD=3.16,95%CI(2.71,3.60),P<0.000 01]。(3) ADL评分:试验组ADL评分均明显高于对照组[MD=10.78,95%CI(9.18,12.38),P<0.000 01;MD=8.23,95%CI(7.04,9.41),P<0.000 01]。(4) RBMT评分:试验组RBMT评分高于对照组[MD=2.00,95%CI(1.37,2.63),P<0.000 01]。结论 rTMS联合认知训练可改善脑卒中患者认知功能、智力状态、行为记忆能力及日常生活活动能力,值得临床推广。

初产妇母乳喂养认知程度调查及健康行为互动模式干预效果

目的:了解初产妇母乳喂养认知程度并探讨健康行为互动模式(IMCHB)干预效果。方法:选取2021年3月-2023年3月于本院产前检查并成功分娩的102例初产妇,随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各51例,均给予常规护理干预,观察组给予IMCHB模式的护理干预。调查干预前后初产妇母乳喂养认知能力情况,比较两组母乳喂养信心[母乳喂养自我效能感量表(BSES)评分]、主观幸福感[总体幸福感量表(GWB)评分]、产后纯母乳喂养率、乳房并发症发生率。结果:102例母乳喂养认知程度较差25例(24.5%),一般40例(39.2%),较高37例(36.3%)。干预至产后3个月,观察组母乳喂养认知能力评分(85.23±7.08分)、BSES各维度评分及总分(131.70±8.74分)、GWB中生活满足与兴趣、忧郁与愉悦心情、精力、松弛与紧张得分及总分(96.47±11.12分)均高于对照组(80.34±6.94分、107.57±8.36分、87.64±11.06分),产后1、3、6个月纯母乳喂养率(92.2%、88.2%、78.4%)高于对照组(70.6%、58.8%、49.0%),乳房并发症总发生率(13.7%)低于对照组(33.3%)(均P<0.05)。结论:本次调查的初产妇母乳喂养认知能力不高,IMCHB模式干预可提高初产妇母乳喂养认知能力,增强初产妇母乳喂养信心与幸福感,有利于提升纯母乳喂养率,减少乳房并发症发生,益于产妇健康及新生儿成长。

XB油田特高含水期油井单管深埋冷输边界条件研究与应用

为了简化集输工艺和降低运行成本,对特高含水期油井单管深埋冷输边界条件进行研究,通过建立单管深埋冷输工艺模型,明确了单管深埋冷输工艺边界条件的计算方法,该方法可指导单管深埋冷输的应用范围。并在XB油田31口采油井开展了现场试验,结果表明,单管深埋冷输工艺适合于现场应用,应用后可有效节约电能及天然气消耗,年节电量11.12×10^(4)kWh,年节气量24.40×10^(4)m^(3),年节约管道维护费用49.6万元,可促进油田绿色低碳高效发展。

肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者血清Hcy、VCAM-1水平及其与认知功能的相关性分析

目的:探讨肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)水平及其与认知功能的相关性。方法:选择2020年01月—2021年12月本院收治的发生轻度认知障碍的SHPT患者113例作为研究对象,选择同期未发生认知障碍的110例患者作为对照组,检测血清Hcy、VCAM-1水平,ROC曲线分析血清Hcy、VCAM-1对SHPT患者发生认知功能障碍的诊断价值,Logistics多因素回归分析影响SHPT患者发生认知功能障碍的危险因素。结果:与认知功能正常组比较,认知功能障碍组血液透析比例、血清iPTH、Scr、血磷、血钙、Hcy、VCAM-1水平显著升高,MoCA评分显著降低(P<0.05);血清Hcy、VCAM-1及联合诊断SHPT患者发生认知功能障碍的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.828、0.850、0.914;透析方式、血清iPTH、受教育年限、Hcy、VCAM-1是影响SHPT患者发生认知功能障碍的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:SHPT患者血清Hcy、VCAM-1水平升高,与患者认知功能有关,是发生认知功能障碍的独立危险因素。

认知行为疗法联合鲁拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的临床观察

目的探究认知行为疗法联合鲁拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法选取2021年9月至2022年12月赣州市第三人民医院收治的68例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组34例。两组均接受常规化药物治疗,对照组给予鲁拉西酮治疗,实验组给予认知行为疗法联合鲁拉西酮治疗。比较两组治疗2、6个月的总有效率,治疗前后神经心理状态评价量表(RBANS)量表评分及不良反应发生情况。结果实验组治疗2、6个月总有效率分别为79.41%、94.12%,均高于对照组的55.88%、73.53%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2、6个月,两组即刻记忆、视觉空间、语言、注意力及延迟记忆评分均高于前一时间点,且实验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论认知行为疗法联合鲁拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的效果显著,能缓解精神病理,改善认知功能,安全性高。

补肾填髓益智方联合常规疗法治疗肝肾亏虚型阿尔茨海默病临床研究

目的:观察补肾填髓益智方联合常规疗法治疗轻、中度肝肾亏虚型阿尔茨海默病(AD)的效果。方法:选择100例轻、中度肝肾亏虚型AD患者,随机分为联合组和对照组各50例。2组患者均予服用盐酸多奈哌齐片、认知功能训练等常规疗法治疗,联合组加予补肾填髓益智方治疗。2组均治疗8周。治疗前后评定中医证候评分、认知功能[简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分,AD评定量表(ADAS-Cog)评分]、精神行为症状评分[简易神经精神量表(NPI)评分,AD病理行为评定量表(BEHAVE-AD)评分],检测炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)]水平。比较2组的临床疗效。结果:治疗8周后,联合组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。联合组中医证候积分较治疗前下降(P<0.05),亦低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组MMSE评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),联合组MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组ADAS-Cog评分、NPI评分、BEHAVE-AD评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),联合组3项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),联合组IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用补肾填髓益智方联合常规疗法治疗轻、中度肝肾亏虚型AD患者疗效显著,可有效减轻炎症反应,改善患者的精神行为症状,提高患者的认知功能。

Active fraction combination from Liuwei Dihuang decoction improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neurogenic microenvironment in cranially irradiated mice

OBJECTIVE Cranial radiotherapy is clinically used in the treatment of brain tumors;however,the consequent cognitive and emotional dysfunctions seriously impair the life quality of patients.LW-AFC,an active fraction combination extracted from classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoction,can improve cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in many animal models;however,the protective effect of LW-AFC on cranial irradiation-induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions has not been reported.Recent studies indicate that impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN)and alterations of the neurogenic microenvironment in the hippocampus constitute critical factors in cognitive and emotional dysfunctions following cranial irradiation.Here,our research further investigated the potential protective effects and mechanisms of LW-AFC on cranial irradiation-induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in mice.METHODS LW-AFC(1.6 g·kg^(-1))was intragastrically administered to mice for 14 d before cranial irradiation(7 Gyγ-ray).AHN was examined by quantifying the number of proliferative neural stem cells and immature neurons in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.The contextual fear conditioning test,open field test,and tail suspension test were used to assess cognitive and emotional functions in mice.To detect the change of the neurogenic microenvironment,colorimetry and multiplex bead analysis were performed to measure the level of oxidative stress,neurotrophic and growth factors,and inflammation in the hippocampus.RESULTS LW-AFC exerted beneficial effects on the contextual fear memory,anxiety behavior,and depression behavior in irradiated mice.Moreover,LW-AFC increased the number of proliferative neural stem cells and immature neurons in the dorsal hippocampus,displaying a regional specificity of neurogenic response.For the neurogenic microenvironment,LW-AFC significantly increased the contents of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione,and catalase and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in the hippocampus of irradiated mice,accompanied by the increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor,insulin-like growth factor-1,and interleukin-4 content.Together,LW-AFC improved cognitive and emotional dysfunctions,promoted AHN preferentially in the dorsal hippocampus,and ameliorated disturbance in the neurogenic microenvironment in irradiated mice.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorates cranial irradiation-induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions,and the underlying mechanisms are mediated by promoting AHN in the dorsal hippocampus and improving the neurogenic microenvironment.LW-AFC might be a promising therapeutic agent to treat cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in patients receiving cranial radiotherapy.

The influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency upon experimental focal epileptic syndrome

The aim of the work was confined to the investigation of the epileptic activity dynamics under conditions of extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves(EHF) radiation(7.1 mm,0.1 mW/cm2) upon focal epileptic activity,which was penicillin-induced(10 000 IU/ml) in frontal zone of the brain cortex in myorelaxed and artificially ventilated rats under acute experimental condition.It was established that preliminarily performed hypogeomagnetic period(3.0 h) with the inductivity of geomagnetic field reduction not less than by 100 times caused the intensification of antiepileptic effects of EHF(15.0 min of exposition).It was pronounced in the form of decrease of foci intensity and significant reduction of life-span of foci-up to 115.3±13.4 minutes,which was both significant when compared with separate effects of hypogeomagnetic influence(187.3±12.5 min) and EHF(15.0 minutes of exposition) effect(164.2±12.5 minutes)(P <0.05).

Existence results for unilateral contact problem with friction of thermo-electro-elasticity

This work studies a mathematical model describing the static process of contact between a piezoelectric body and a thermally-electrically conductive foundation. The behavior of the material is modeled with a thermo-electro-elastic constitutive law. The contact is described by Signorini＇s conditions and Tresca＇s friction law including the electrical and thermal conductivity conditions. A variational formulation of the model in the form of a coupled system for displacements, electric potential, and temperature is de- rived. Existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved using the results of variational inequalities and a fixed point theorem.

东北地区氦气成藏条件与资源前景分析

氦气作为重要的稀有战略资源越来越受到关注和重视。东北地区氦气资源调查研究程度较低,资源状况不清,富集规律不明。为了认识东北地区氦气资源前景,本文通过对东北地区主要盆地氦气资源调查研究进展与成果进行系统的梳理、分析,结合对松辽、铁法等盆地天然气田含氦情况的调查研究,总结了东北地区氦气富集成藏地质条件。研究认为,东北地区氦气资源主要分布在松辽盆地、海拉尔盆地、辽河盆地、铁法盆地等重点盆地,氦气载体类型主要有烃类、二氧化碳和地层水等,氦气成因类型为壳-幔混合型;东北地区广泛发育的印支期和燕山期花岗岩提供了丰富的氦气来源,深大断裂的发育为氦气的运移聚集提供了必要的通道,良好的保存条件有利于氦气的富集与成藏。

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,

双重理论视角下新创企业竞争优势的实现路径——基于模糊集定性比较分析法与必要条件分析法

新创企业竞争优势是战略管理和创业的共享研究主题。现有研究主要基于某种特定理论视角,关注单个或几个前因条件的净效应。基于此,整合企业家理论和资源基础理论,以187家新创企业为样本,采用模糊集定性比较分析法和必要条件分析法,剖析个体与组织层次的4个前因对新创企业竞争优势的影响。研究表明,单个前因不构成新创企业竞争优势的必要条件;存在3种产生高水平新创企业竞争优势的实现路径,即企业家精神与企业资源协同驱动型组态、资源主导下的企业家精神促进型组态、资源主导下的动态能力促进型组态;存在3种产生非高水平新创企业竞争优势的实现路径,且与高水平新创企业竞争优势实现路径存在非对称性关系;企业家精神与动态能力在产生高水平新创企业竞争优势的组态中互为替代关系;而在动态能力和资源拼凑均缺失时,企业家精神和企业家资源的匮乏均可引致非高水平新创企业竞争优势。为实现高水平新创企业竞争优势,创业者应将创业当作事业,注意创业前与创业中各类资本的积累;新创企业应充分注重对现有资源的整合与利用,积极培育动态能力;政府则需要进一步营造良好的营商环境,让好政策“落地”;失败并不一定是成功之母,创业者不能依靠失败的创业经验反向推导高水平新创企业竞争优势的原因,新创企业需要根据情况选择适合自身发展的竞争优势获取路径。