Applying Frameworks for Cognitive Services in IIoT

The technology,which enables creating new types of products,processes and services(i.e.,things),which outcomes alter traditional competition and industry boundaries and create new lasting value.The digitalization process uses digital technologies to provide the possibilities of new revenue and value-producing,i.e.,it changes business models and offers new value propositions.This change is ongoing.The most important ten strategic technology trends in 2019 include Edge computing,Blockchain,event and data-driven strategies,Digital Twins,and the maintenance of transparency(i.e.,traceability),Intelligent Apps and Analytics(Gartner 2018).In this paper,we experiment with the capabilities of intelligent applications to match the industrial business needs.This paper aims to bring insights closer to business objectives.Digitalization’s technological advantages can be achieved through data-driven strategies and wherein cognitive services are integrated into IoT(Internet of Things)and big data.We experiment with the Industrial IoT(IIoT)business models and value propositions to match the intelligent insights of cognitive solutions to business objectives.The IIoTs support and demand transparency and thus also data-driven objective insights,and because cognitive solutions can enhance insights on a product,a process or service and therefore provide measurable business objectives.Functional indicators enable interconnected smart things to collaborate.

Stakeholder Perceptions of Changing Ecosystem Services Consumption in the Jinghe Watershed: A Household Survey and PRA

This paper presents cognitive awareness levels of ecosystem services and their consumption by farmers in Guyuan City, which lies in the Jinghe watershed. Household Surveys and Participatory Rural Assessment （PRA） were used to determine differences in farmers cognitive awareness levels. The household survey results showed that farmers have a cognitive awareness of 11 ecosystem services： food supply, air purification, environmental purification, soil and water conservation, clean water supply, natural disaster minimization, increasing income, fuel wood supply, aesthetic recreation, fodder supply and sand stabilization. The job-related requirements of a farmers’ daily life, their direct consumption of ecosystem services and the importance of ecosystem services to them all influence their cognitive awareness of ecosystem services. Through group interviews the PRA method can provide the opportunity for information exchange and discussion. The process can help farmers to gain more cognitive awareness of ecosystem services. Large changes in ecosystem services have been observed in the study area. Food production and fuel wood supply have decreased markedly, yet incomes have increased. Spatial and temporal variables, changes in ecosystem services and the level of income all have an impact on farmers’ food supply and resource consumption. Overall, the total consumption of food （cereal and potato） and fuel wood declines for most farmers and consumption of vegetables, meat, coals and gas have increased.