Intravascular photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography imaging dual-mode system for detecting spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A feasibility study

In this work,we present an intravascular dual-mode endoscopic system capable of both intravascular photoacoustic imaging(IVPAI)and intravascular optical coherence tomography(IVOCT)for recognizing spontaneous coronary artery dissection(SCAD)phantoms.IVPAI provides high-resolution and high-penetration images of intramural hematoma(IMH)at different depths,so it is especially useful for imaging deep blood clots associated with imaging phantoms.IVOCT can readily visualize the double-lumen morphology of blood vessel walls to identify intimal tears.We also demonstrate the capability of this dual-mode endoscopic system using mimicking phantoms and biological samples of blood clots in ex vivo porcine arteries.The results of the experiments indicate that the combined IVPAI and IVOCT technique has the potential to provide a more accurate SCAD assessment method for clinical applications.

Aflibercept combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of diabetic macular edema:optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To analyze the relationship between optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA)imaging in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)who are treated with a combination of aflibercept and triamcinolone acetonide(TA).METHODS:A total of 76 eyes newly diagnosed DME were included in this study.They were randomly assigned to receive either aflibercept or a combination of aflibercept and TA.Injections once a month for a total of three injections.Central macular thickness(CMT),number of hyperreflective foci(HRF),height of subretinal fluid(SRF),and area of foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were evaluated using OCT and OCTA at baseline and after each monthly treatment.RESULTS:Both groups showed improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and reduction in macular edema after treatment,and the difference in BCVA between the two groups was statistically significant after each treatment(P<0.05).The difference in CMT between the two groups was statistically significant after the first two injections(P<0.01),but not after the third injection(P=0.875).The number of HRF(1mo:7.41±8.25 vs 10.86±7.22,P=0.027;2mo:5.33±6.13 vs 9.12±8.61,P=0.034;3mo:3.58±3.00 vs 6.37±5.97,P=0.007)and height of SRF(1mo:82.39±39.12 vs 105.77±42.26μm,P=0.011;2mo:36.84±10.02 vs 83.59±37.78μm,P<0.01;3mo:11.57±3.29 vs 45.43±12.60μm,P<0.01)in combined group were statistically significant less than aflibercept group after each injection,while the area of FAZ showed no significant change before and after treatment in both groups.CONCLUSION:The combination therapy of aflibercept and TA shows more significant effects on DME eyes with decreased HRF and SRF.However,both aflibercept and combination therapy show no significant change in the area of FAZ.

Distal-scanning common path probe for optical coherence tomography

In this paper,we present a distal-scanning common path probe for optical coherence tomography(OCT)equipped with a hollow ultrasonic motor and a simple and specially designed beam-splitter.This novel probe proves to be able to effectively circumvent polarization and dispersion mismatch caused by fiber motion and is more robust to a variety of interfering factors during the imaging process,experimentally compared to a conventional noncommon path probe.Furthermore,our design counteracts the attenuation of backscattering with depth and the fall-off of the signal,resulting in a more balanced signal range and greater imaging depth.Spectral-domain OCT imaging of phantom and biological tissue is also demonstrated with a sensitivity of∼100dB and a lateral resolution of∼3μm.This low-cost probe offers simplified system configuration and excellent robustness,and is therefore particularly suitable for clinical diagnosis as one-off medical apparatus.

Deep learning-based inpainting of saturation artifacts in optical coherence tomography images

Limited by the dynamic range of the detector,saturation artifacts usually occur in optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging for high scattering media.The available methods are difficult to remove saturation artifacts and restore texture completely in OCT images.We proposed a deep learning-based inpainting method of saturation artifacts in this paper.The generation mechanism of saturation artifacts was analyzed,and experimental and simulated datasets were built based on the mechanism.Enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial networks were trained by the clear–saturated phantom image pairs.The perfect reconstructed results of experimental zebrafish and thyroid OCT images proved its feasibility,strong generalization,and robustness.

Comparison of ocular biometric parameters between two swept-source optical coherence tomography devices and Scheimpflug tomography in patients with cataract

AIM:To assess and compare the variations and agreements across different ocular biometric parameters using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and Scheimpflug tomography in patients diagnosed with cataract.METHODS:This prospective case series was conducted at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.In total,212 eyes from 212 patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were included.Eyes were evaluated preoperatively using two SSOCT devices(IOLMaster700 and CASIA2)and Scheimpflug tomography(Pentacam).Central corneal thickness(CCT),anterior chamber depth(ACD),aqueous depth(AQD),white-to-white distance(WTW),flat simulated keratometry(Kf),steep simulated keratometry(Ks),mean keratometry(Km),and total corneal keratometry(TKm)were measured.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),95%confidence intervals(CI)and limits of agreement(LoA)widths were conducted to assess differences and correlations between devices.RESULTS:All parameters,except for Ks,were significantly different.Pairwise comparison revealed no significant differences between keratometry obtained by IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam.LoA widths of all paired comparisons for Ks were>0.80 D.Except for WTW between IOLMaster 700 and CASIA2 and between CASIA2 and Pentacam,other Pearson’s coefficients between devices showed a strong correlation(all r>0.95).The ICC of WTW(ICC=0.438,95%CI 0.167-0.625)showed poor reliability.The reliability of CCT,ACD,and AQD was excellent(all ICC>0.95),whereas that of TKm was good(ICC=0.827,95%CI 0.221-0.939).A significant linear correlation was also observed among devices.CONCLUSION:The ocular parameters derived from the use of IOLMaster700,CASIA2,and Pentacam exhibit significant discrepancies;as such,measurements from these devices should not be deemed as interchangeable.

Automatic diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy using vision transformer based on wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major causes of visual impairment in adults with diabetes.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is nowadays widely used as the golden criterion for diagnosing DR.Recently,wide-field OCTA(WF-OCTA)provided more abundant information including that of the peripheral retinal degenerative changes and it can contribute in accurately diagnosing DR.The need for an automatic DR diagnostic system based on WF-OCTA pictures attracts more and more attention due to the large diabetic population and the prevalence of retinopathy cases.In this study,automatic diagnosis of DR using vision transformer was performed using WF-OCTA images(12 mm×12 mm single-scan)centered on the fovea as the dataset.WF-OCTA images were automatically classified into four classes:No DR,mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),moderate to severe NPDR,and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).The proposed method for detecting DR on the test set achieves accuracy of 99.55%,sensitivity of 99.49%,and specificity of 99.57%.The accuracy of the method for DR staging reaches up to 99.20%,which has been proven to be higher than that attained by classical convolutional neural network models.Results show that the automatic diagnosis of DR based on vision transformer and WF-OCTA pictures is more effective for detecting and staging DR.

Repeatability,interocular correlation and agreement of optic nerve head vessel density in healthy eyes:a sweptsource optical coherence tomographic angiography study

AIM:To assess the repeatability,interocular correlation,and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)optic nerve head(ONH)parameters in healthy subjects.METHODS:Thir ty-three healthy subjects were enrolled.The ONH of both eyes were imaged four times by a swept-source-OCTA using a 3 mm×3 mm scanning protocol.Images of the radial peripapillary capillary were analyzed by a customized Matlab program,and the vessel density,fractal dimension,and vessel diameter index were measured.The repeatability of the four scans was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).The most well-centered optic disc from the four repeated scans was then selected for the interocular correlation and agreement analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient,ICC and Bland-Altman plots.RESULTS:All swept-source-OCTA ONH parameters exhibited certain repeatability,with ICC>0.760 and coefficient of variation(CoV)≤7.301%.The obvious interocular correlation was observed for papillary vessel density(ICC=0.857),vessel diameter index(ICC=0.857)and fractal dimension(ICC=0.906),while circumpapillary vessel density exhibited moderate interocular correlation(ICC=0.687).Bland-Altman plots revealed an agreement range of-5.26%to 6.21%for circumpapillary vessel density.CONCLUSION:OCTA ONH parameters demonstrate good repeatability in healthy subjects.The interocular correlations of papillary vessel density,fractal dimension and vessel diameter index are high,but the correlation for circumpapillary vessel density is moderate.

Automated evaluation of parapapillary choroidal microvasculature in crowded optic discs:a controlled,optical coherence tomography angiography study

AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study.One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm^(2) rectangular area.Radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)density,peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)thickness,cup volume,rim area,disc area,cup-to-disc(c/d)area ratio,and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device software.Automated parapapillary choroidal microvasculature(PPCMv)density was calculated using MATLAB software.When the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup,it was considered as a crowded disc.RESULTS:The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes(P=0.740).There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups(P=0.102).There were no differences in RPC density in whole image(P=0.826)and peripapillary region(P=0.923),but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs(P=0.003).The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs(P=0.026).The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density(r=0.498,P<0.001).The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio(r=-0.341,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.

Evaluation of retinal and choroidal thickness changes in overweight and obese adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography

AIM:To evaluate the relationship of overweight and obesity with retinal and choroidal thickness in adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT).METHODS:According to the body mass index(BMI)results,the adults enrolled in the cross-sectional study were divided into the normal group(18.50≤BMI<25.00 kg/m^(2)),the overweight group(25.00≤BMI<30.00 kg/m^(2)),and the obesity group(BMI≥30.00 kg/m^(2)).The one-way ANOVA and the Chi-square test were used for comparisons.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the measured variables.RESULTS:This research covered the left eyes of 3 groups of 434 age-and sex-matched subjects each:normal,overweight,and obesity.The mean BMI was 22.20±1.67,26.82±1.38,and 32.21±2.35 kg/m^(2) in normal,overweight and obesity groups,respectively.The choroid was significantly thinner in both the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal group(P<0.05 for all),while the retinal thickness of the three groups did not differ significantly.Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that BMI was significantly negatively correlated with choroidal thickness,but no significant correlation was observed between BMI and retinal thickness.CONCLUSION:Choroidal thickness is decreased in people with overweight or obesity.Research on changes in choroidal thickness contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of certain ocular disorders in overweight and obese adults.

Predictive visual field outcomes after optic chiasm decompressive surgery by retinal vessels parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To evaluate the predictive value of superficial retinal capillary plexus(SRCP)and radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)for visual field recovery after optic cross decompression and compare them with peripapillary nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and ganglion cell complex(GCC).METHODS:This prospective longitudinal observational study included patients with chiasmal compression due to sellar region mass scheduled for decompressive surgery.Generalized estimating equations were used to compare retinal vessel density and retinal layer thickness preand post-operatively and with healthy controls.Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between preoperative GCC,pRNFL,SRCP,and RPC parameters and visual field recovery after surgery.RESULTS:The study included 43 eyes of 24 patients and 48 eyes of 24 healthy controls.Preoperative RPC and SRCP vessel density and pRNFL and GCC thickness were lower than healthy controls and higher than postoperative values.The best predictive GCC and pRNFL models were based on the superior GCC[area under the curve(AUC)=0.866]and the tempo-inferior pRNFL(AUC=0.824),and the best predictive SRCP and RPC models were based on the nasal SRCP(AUC=0.718)and tempo-inferior RPC(AUC=0.825).There was no statistical difference in the predictive value of the superior GCC,tempo-inferior pRNFL,and tempo-inferior RPC(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Compression of the optic chiasm by tumors in the saddle area can reduce retinal thickness and blood perfusion.This reduction persists despite the recovery of the visual field after decompression surgery.GCC,pRNFL,and RPC can be used as sensitive predictors of visual field recovery after decompression surgery.

Retinal capillary plexus in Parkinson’s disease using optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To evaluate the alterations of the retinal microvasculature and foveal avascular zone in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:A retrospective study of PD patients examined in the Ophthalmology Department of the General Hospital of Athens,“Georgios Gennimatas”from March 2021 to March 2022 was conducted.Totally 44 patients with PD were included and 18 healthy controls were examined,hence a total of 124 eyes were enrolled in the study.The foveal and parafoveal superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density(fSCP-VD,fDCP-VD,pSCP-VD,pDCP-CD)and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were quantified with OCTA.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure macular thickness.Our statistical analysis was conducted by using a mixed effect linear regression model.RESULTS:After adjustment for age and gender,the mean parafoveal superficial capillary plexus vascular density(pSCP-VD)and mean parafoveal deep capillary plexus vascular density(pDCP-VD)were significantly decreased in individuals with PD(P<0.001 in both)by-2.35(95%CI-3.3,-1.45)and-7.5(95%CI-10.4,-4.6)respectively.fSCP-VD and fDCP-VD didn’t approach statistical significance.The FAZ area and perimeter were significantly decreased(P<0.001 in both)by-0.1 mm^(2)(95%CI-0.13,-0.07)and-0.49 mm^(2)(95%CI-0.66,-0.32)respectively.Circularity didn’t approach statistical significance.Central retinal thickness(CRT)was significantly decreased in individuals with PD(P<0.001)by-23.1μm(95%CI-30.2,-16)and temporal retinal thickness(TRT)was decreased(P=0.025)by-11μm(95%CI-22,-1.5)while nasal retinal thickness(NRT)only approached statistical significance(P=0.066).CONCLUSION:The mean pSCP-VD,pDCP-VD,CRT and TRT are significantly decreased and FAZ is altered in individuals with PD.These findings can be potentially used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and evaluation of early PD.

Three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of acute and chronic primary angle-closure using swept-source optical coherence tomography

AIM:To compare the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and choroidal thickness between fellow eyes of acute primary angle-closure(F-APAC)and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma(F-CPACG)and the eyes of normal controls.METHODS:This study included 37 patients with unilateral APAC,37 with asymmetric CPACG without prior treatment,and 36 healthy participants.Using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness and three-dimensional CVI were measured and compared globally and sectorally.Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate choroidal thickness or CVI with related factors.RESULTS:The mean subfoveal CVIs were 0.35±0.10,0.33±0.09,and 0.29±0.04,and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness were 315.62±52.92,306.22±59.29,and 262.69±45.55μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.All macular sectors showed significantly higher CVIs and choroidal thickness in the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes than in the normal eyes(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes.In the peripapillary region,the mean overall CVIs were 0.21±0.08,0.20±0.08,and 0.19±0.05,and the mean overall choroidal thickness were 180.45±54.18,174.82±50.67,and 176.18±37.94μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.There were no significant differences between any of the two groups in all peripapillary sectors.Younger age,shorter axial length,and the F-APAC or F-CPACG diagnosis were significantly associated with higher subfoveal CVI and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The fellow eyes of unilateral APAC or asymmetric CPACG have higher macular CVI and choroidal thickness than those of the normal controls.Neither CVI nor choroidal thickness can distinguish between eyes predisposed to APAC or CPACG.A thicker choroid with a higher vascular volume may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

双侧内关激光多普勒血流量侧性及其Coherence分析:一种无创评价不同年龄人群微循环状态的潜在方法（英文）

目的:研究不同年龄人群双侧内关穴区激光多普勒血流量的侧性及其相干性。方法:共计30例健康受试者参与血流检测。受试者先在控制室温条件的房间中休息40 min,然后用Peri Flux System 5000记录受试者双侧内关血流15分钟,每5分钟为一时间段进行分析。受试者以40岁为界分成年轻组(n=18)和年长组(n=12),计算不同组间左右内关血流量的不平衡系数和Coherence值。结果:在三个时间段内,右侧内关平均血流量依次为9.74±3.36 PU、9.83±3.63 PU、9.69±3.40 PU,左侧内关平均血流量依次为6.73±2.22PU、6.99±2.37PU 6.77±2.32PU,经检验左右差异均有显著性(均P﹤0.01)。虽然不平衡系数年长组高于年轻组,但组间差异无统计学意义。Coherence分析结果提示,从0.5 Hz到1.5 Hz之间,其波峰对应的频率值组间存在显著差异。结论:右侧内关血流灌注值高于左侧内关,双侧内关激光多普勒血流量的Coherence分析可为不同年龄人群微循环状态的改变提供一种潜在的无创评价方法。

云南不同品种核桃果实品质分析与综合评价

为了探究云南主栽核桃和薄壳山核桃果实的品质评价指标,选取27个核桃品种果实,对矿质元素、蛋白脂、粗脂肪等12个营养指标进行变异和相关性分析,并采用主成分和聚类分析方法,进行分类与综合评价。结果表明:12个营养指标的含量变异较为丰富,变异系数的变化范围为5%~83%,其中VC变异系数最大,粗脂肪变异系数最小;9种矿质元素平均含量从高到低依次为:K>P>Mg>Ca>Mn>Na>Fe>Zn>Cu,蛋白质含量均值为15.62%,脂肪含量均值为68.63%,VC的平均含量为4.66 mg/100 g;相关性分析表明,12个营养指标之间,P、Fe、Mg、Ca、Cu均与蛋白质呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;主成分分析进行综合评价筛选出品质最佳的核桃品种为‘香茶’‘永平’‘晚熟’和‘小圆果’,薄壳山核桃中品种‘卡多’综合表现较好;聚类分析结果显示,可将其分为两大类,即富含矿质元素类群和高脂肪含量类群;相关性分析和主成分分析结果显示,K、Fe、Mg、Ca、Cu元素、蛋白质、脂肪为评价云南不同品种核桃品质的关键性指标。薄壳山核桃适合榨油,22种主栽核桃适合直接食用或开发富矿质元素和高蛋白的功能饮料。研究明确了云南核桃品质评价的关键指标并探明品质特性,提供科学分类方法,为云南核桃品质评价体系的构建奠定理论依据。

基于主成分及聚类分析的药用菊花品种产量与品质综合评价

为防止品种混杂,筛选药用或茶用菊花的专用品种,以不同产地来源的8个药用菊花品种16个样品为试材,采用超高效液相色谱法和比色法测定不同产地药用菊花的品质成分含量;并基于主成分分析和聚类分析,对不同产地药用菊花品种产量与品质进行综合评价。结果表明,不同产地药用菊花品种单株花头数变异系数(39.03%)最大,是构成药用菊花单株花头干重的主要因素(r=0.800),以枣庄红心菊单株花头数(496.50)最多、单株花头干重最高;绿原酸、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸和总黄酮等药效成分在不同来源的样本中差异显著(P<0.05),上述三种成分在滁州产滁菊中相对含量较高,分别为3.75%、8.07%、16.08%,这与其品质成分综合评价结果一致,说明滁州滁菊药效较优。13个性状指标的主成分分析提取出药效因子、高产因子、总黄酮因子和花径因子4个主成分,其累计贡献率为84.34%;综合评价得分排在前3位的依次为枣庄引种的红心菊、早小洋菊、滁菊。结合聚类分析结果,判定在原产地,滁州滁菊适于药用;在枣庄引种地,红心菊为优选的高产品种,早小洋菊为综合品质优良的品种。通过建立药用菊花品种产量和品质的综合评价体系,可为我国药茶两用菊花新品种的引种筛选和药食同源利用提供理论依据。

月球样品的中子活化分析技术研究

月球的起源是月球研究的核心问题。月球探测任务返回的数据和样品极大地提高了人类对地月系统的认知,同时也发现了更多未解之谜,亟待未来的探测任务和科学研究来解答。嫦娥五号月壤是我国首次地外天体采集返回的样品,也是继美国和苏联探月采样任务45年后人类再次获得的月球样品。鉴于月球样品的珍贵性和特殊性,利用先进技术开展其全元素含量的非破坏精准分析对于认识月球演化和月球资源就地开发利用具有重要的意义。依托大型核反应研究堆和加速器中子注量率优势,利用中子活化分析技术可实现月球样品中的全元素非破坏分析:1)仪器中子活化分析技术(INAA)可测量Na—U元素之间的60余种元素;2)瞬发γ中子活化分析技术(PGNAA)可补充测量INAA不适合测量的元素如H、B、C、N等;3)中子深度剖面分析技术(NDP)可测量样品近表面(微米级)聚变能源3He的浓度深度分布;4)缓发中子测量技术(DNC)可定量样品中痕量裂变核素如^(235)U和^(239)Pu,并结合INAA可测量238U/235U同位素比值;5)14 MeV快中子活化分析技术(FNAA)可测量INAA和PGNAA不灵敏或不适合测量的元素如O、Si、P等。因此,中子活化分析技术(NAA)可有效解决月球样品中全元素、非破坏和精准测量问题,为我国深空探测珍贵样品研究提供核分析技术支撑。

食品中多环芳烃的来源、污染状况与检测分析

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是一类持久性的有机污染物,具有致癌、致畸、致突变等毒性,广泛存在于食品、特别是烟熏食品中,过量摄入将严重危害人体健康。许多国家通过制定严格的限量标准、加强检验检测等措施对食品中的PAHs进行防控,但随着工业化的快速发展,煤、石油等燃料的大量使用,食品中PAHs污染的问题依然突出,其在食品中仍普遍被检出,已成为影响食品安全的主要风险来源之一,关于食品中PAHs的污染来源、监测分析和检测技术等方面的研究也日益增多。本文概述了PAHs对农作物的影响,分析了食品中PAHs的主要来源和污染状况,从样品前处理和测定分析两个方面,综述了食品中PAHs的主要检测技术,评述了其优缺点,并提出了今后研究工作的建议,以期为食品中PAHs的监测分析、预防控制和深入研究提供参考。

湖北省中医医院信息化建设现状分析与思考

目的/意义了解湖北省中医医院信息化建设现状和问题,提出进一步推进中医医院信息化建设的建议。方法/过程基于2022年湖北省中医医院信息化建设现状调查数据,采用描述统计、χ^(2)检验、Fisher检验等方法,阐述湖北省公立中医医院信息化管理部门设置与人员结构、基础设施与资金投入、业务应用系统、信息标准及新一代信息技术应用等方面的现状,剖析存在的主要问题。结果/结论湖北省中医医院信息化建设取得初步成效,但仍应优化信息管理部门职能、充实信息化人才队伍、加强经费投入、强化标准应用、深化中医药特色优势、推进新技术应用等。

光学相干断层扫描血管成像参数诊断非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的价值分析

目的:分析光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)诊断非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)的价值。方法:连续纳入2021年1月至2023年6月期间在我科门诊收治的122例有2型糖尿病病史(包括伴或不伴有视网膜病变)的患者,均接受眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)检查和OCTA定量检查。以FFA结果为金标准,并将患者根据FFA结果分为对照组(无NPDR)、轻度NPDR组、中度NPDR组和重度NPDR组。OCTA观察指标包括,视网膜黄斑区中央视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)、血管线性密度(vascular density,VD)、血流灌注密度(perfusion density,PD)、黄斑中心凹无血管区面积(foveal avascular zone area,FAZ-A)、黄斑中心凹无血管区周长(foveal avascular zone perimeter,FAZ-P)、圆形指数(foveal avascular zone circularity index,FAZ-CI)。用单因素方差或非参数方法分析比较各组间定量指标的差异,取其中存在显著组间差异的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,分析反映NPDR患病和严重程度的指标,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析单独或联合指标对于NPDR的诊断价值。结果:VD在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降,重度NPDR组较轻度、中度NPDR组均显著下降(P<0.05);PD在中度和重度NPDR组较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),在重度NPDR组较轻度和中度NPDR组均显著下降(P<0.05);FAZ-A在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),但在各NPDR组间均无统计学差异;FAZ-P在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),但在各NPDR组间均无统计学差异;FAZ-CI在各组间均无统计学差异。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,CMT升高、VD和FAZ-P下降与NPDR患病相关(P=0.03,<0.001和0.001);CMT上升和VD下降与NPDR严重程度相关(P=0.01,<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,CMT(>260.00μm)、VD(<16.55/mm2)和FAZ-P(<2.15 mm)对NPDR均具有单独诊断价值(AUC分别为0.63、0.78和0.70),其中VD的诊断效能显著高于CMT(P=0.02),CMT与VD或FAZ-P的诊断效能之间则无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。CMT、VD和FAZ-P指标联合诊断NPDR的诊断效能(AUC=0.86)显著高于任一单项指标的诊断效能(P均<0.05)。结论:OCTA检查参数CMT、VD和FAZ-P均独立具备对NPDR的诊断价值,将三者联合使用则能进一步提高其诊断效能。OCTA血流参数联合黄斑形态参数可有效提高NPDR的临床诊断。

基于主成分和聚类分析的加工辣椒品质特性及相关性分析

为探究不同加工辣椒品质的差异,以16个加工辣椒品种为试验材料,对其外观品质、色泽品质、质构特性、营养品质等指标进行测定,并进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,不同加工辣椒品种在外观品质、色泽品质、质构特性、营养品质方面均存在显著差异。果长、果肩宽和果肉厚度等外观品质指标主要决定果实质量,其与色泽、营养品质有较大相关性,其中籽肉质量比是衡量辣椒加工特性的一个重要指标;色差分析发现L*值、a*值、b*值、E*ab值、辣椒红素及色价均存在显著差异,色价为4.12~18.78,其变化与L*值、b*值呈负相关,与a*值和辣椒红素含量呈正相关;质构特性与水分、可溶性糖存在较大关联,黏附性、胶着性、咀嚼性、硬度变异系数相对较高;VC含量与外观品质指标密切相关,为0.28~3.38 g/100 g;果肉辣椒碱含量为33.46~62.42μg/g,11个品种的果肉辣椒碱含量显著高于籽辣椒碱含量。研究结果说明水分含量、色价、辣椒碱、咀嚼性为辣椒加工特性的主要评价指标。