Effect of Cr, Mo, and Nb additions on intergranular cohesion of ferritic stainless steel: First-principles determination

Effects of Cr, Mo, and Nb on the ferritic stainless steel ]2（210） grain boundary and intragranularity are investigated using the first-principles principle. Different positions of solute atoms are considered. Structural stability is lowered by Cr doping and enhanced by Mo and Nb doping. A ranking on the effect of solute atoms enhancing the cohesive strength of the grain boundary, from the strongest to the weakest is Cr, Mo, and Nb. Cr clearly prefers to locate in the intragranular region of Fe rather than in the grain boundary, while Mo and Nb tend to segregate to the grain boundary. Solute Mo and Nb atoms possess a strong driving force for segregation to the grain boundary from the intragranular region, which increases the grain boundary embrittlement. For Mo- and Nb-doped systems, a remarkable quantity of electrons accumulate in the region close to Mo （Nb）. Therefore, the bond strength may increase. With Cr, Mo, and Nb additions, an anti-parallel island is formed around the center of the grain boundary.

Effect of slice scope on data slice-based class cohesion metrics

This paper suggests that a single class rather than methods should be used as the slice scope to compute class cohesion. First, for a given attribute, the statements in all methods that last define the attribute are computed. Then, the forward and backward data slices for this attribute are generated by using the class as the slice scope and are combined to compute the corresponding class data slice. Finally, the class cohesion is computed based on all class data slices for the attributes. Compared to traditional cohesion metrics that use methods as the slice scope, the proposed metrics that use a single class as slice scope take into account the possible interactions between the methods. The experimental results show that class cohesion can be more accurately measured when using the class as the slice scope.

刃宽对硬岩掘进影响的仿真及试验研究

滚刀在硬岩掘进中极易发生崩刃、偏磨等异常失效,研究硬岩掘进条件下刃型参数对滚刀破岩载荷和破岩效率的影响十分重要.本文采用滚刀破岩试验和仿真分析相结合的方法,从载荷曲线、破岩体积、破岩比能等方面分析了刃宽对滚刀破岩的影响.基于双线性本构模型及Benzeggagh–Kenane损伤断裂准则建立了岩石材料的内聚力本构模型,通过单轴抗压试验及巴西劈裂试验对内聚力本构模型的微观参数进行了校准,并进一步建立了滚刀破岩的内聚力仿真模型.结果表明:内聚力本构模型可以准确的模拟破岩过程中岩石裂纹的萌生和扩展过程.依据裂纹的萌生和扩展情况,滚刀破岩过程主要分为三个阶段:弹性阶段、裂纹萌生–扩展阶段及岩石破坏卸载阶段.滚刀破岩载荷和破岩体积随着贯入度、刀间距和刃宽的增加而增加;破岩比能随刃宽的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势.对于所选取的硬岩,采用13 mm刃宽滚刀破岩时比能最小,破岩效率最高;7 mm刃宽滚刀破岩时无法形成贯通岩片,相邻滚刀之间仍存在岩脊,破岩效率较低.

Study on the Development of Urban Cohesion

Urban cohesion is a new development phenomenon of urbanization, requires further study in both practices and theories. In this study, the connotation, development premise and existing problems of urbanization have been primarily explored, to obtain useful ideas.

Lexis Cohesion and English Reading

This article discusses one of the important cohesion means—lexis cohesion, and applies it to English reading. This cohesion contributes to the improvement of reading ability for its immediateness and accessibility. It aims at specifying the potentials of the theory in English reading learning by analysis and exemplification.

The System of Reference and Lexical Cohesion in Newspaper-An Example of Analyzing "Beijing and Shanghai in Race to Attract Top Foreign Talents"

Discourse analysis is gaining its prominence in teaching reading. The paper presents an example of analyzing the system of reference and lexical cohesion of a news report. It demonstrates how to involve discourse analysis into the teaching of newspaper reading in order to make students get a clear framework of reference and lexical cohesion in a functional-grammar-conscious manner.

On Reference and Cohesion

In the study of textlinguistics,cohesion is one important subject. According Halliday and Hasan,cohesion can be achieved through two ways. One is lexical cohesion and the other is grammatical cohesion. Reference is one of the most important devices in grammatical cohesion. It can be divided into personal reference,demonstrative reference,and comparative reference. Some of these references can be used as cataphora,some can be used as anaphora and some can be used as both. Analysis and explanation as well as examples are provided in this paper to facilitate the reader's understanding and use of reference.

Cohesion in Writing of EFL Learners

Cohesion tends to be denser and more noticeable in written discourse than in spoken discourse. A text will become problematic or is not easy to make sense to readers if any cohesion is troubled. The present paper is going to investigate cohesion in Chinese advanced learners' expository writing by comparing and analyzing the cohesive ties in two student writers' essays.

基于Linear Cohesion模型的含水堆积体滑坡过程数值模拟

水通常是堆积体滑坡发生的触发因素,采用数值方法模拟堆积体滑坡时加入水的液桥力有助于提高计算结果的合理性。为了研究含水堆积体滑坡过程的各项运动特性,提出采用Linear Cohesion接触模型模拟含水湿润状态下松散堆积体滑坡的运动过程,利用离散元程序EDEM 2017建立了含水堆积体滑坡水槽数值模型,计算堆积体从失稳-滑动-堆积整个运动过程。结果表明:能量密度k是Linear Cohesion模型模拟含水堆积体滑坡的关键参数;当k<5000 J/m^3时,随着能量密度值逐渐增大,堆积体滑动过程的流动性越来越小,最大平均速度值和最大动能越大,当k≥5000 J/m^3时,含水堆积体的各项滑动特征变化不明显;较小能量密度的湿颗粒堆积体在滑动过程中结构体易发生破坏,形成的颗粒群流动性更强,滑动距离更远,扩大了滑坡灾害的影响范围。相关研究成果对今后类似的含水堆积体滑坡灾害的预测和评估有一定参考价值。

Vertical root distribution and root cohesion of typical tree species on the Loess Plateau, China

Black locust（Robinia pseudoacacia L.） and Chinese pine（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.） are two woody plants that are widely planted on the Loess Plateau for controlling soil erosion and land desertification. In this study, we conducted an excavation experiment in 2008 to investigate the overall vertical root distribution characteristics of black locust and Chinese pine. We also performed triaxial compression tests to evaluate the root cohesion（additional soil cohesion increased by roots） of black locust. Two types of root distribution, namely, vertical root（VR） and horizontal root（HR）, were used as samples and tested under four soil water content（SWC） conditions（12.7%, 15.0%, 18.0% and 20.0%, respectively）. Results showed that the root lengths of the two species were mainly concentrated in the root diameter of 5–20 mm. A comparison of root distribution between the two species indicated that the root length of black locust was significantly greater than that of Chinese pine in nearly all root diameters, although the black locust used in the comparison was 10 years younger than the Chinese pine. Root biomass was also significantly greater in black locust than in Chinese pine, particularly in the root diameters of 3–5 and 5–10 mm. These two species were both found to be deep-rooted. The triaxial compression tests showed that root cohesion was greater in the VR samples than in the HR samples. SWC was negatively related to both soil shear strength and root cohesion. These results could provide useful information on the architectural characteristics of woody root system and expand the knowledge on shallow slope stabilization and soil erosion control by plant roots on the Loess Plateau.

Effects of spatial variation in cohesion over the concrete-rock interface on dam sliding stability

The limit equilibrium method （LEM） is widely used for sliding stability evaluation of concrete gravitydams. Failure is then commonly assumed to occur along the entire sliding surface simultaneously.However, the brittle behaviour of bonded concrete-rock contacts, in combination with the varying stressover the interface, implies that the failure of bonded dam-foundation interfaces occurs progressively. Inaddition, the spatial variation in cohesion may introduce weak spots where failure can be initiated.Nonetheless, the combined effect of brittle failure and spatial variation in cohesion on the overall shearstrength of the interface has not been studied previously. In this paper, numerical analyses are used toinvestigate the effect of brittle failure in combination with spatial variation in cohesion that is taken intoaccount by random fields with different correlation lengths. The study concludes that a possible existenceof weak spots along the interface has to be considered since it significantly reduces the overallshear strength of the interface, and implications for doing so are discussed.

AUTOMATIC TEXT SUMMARIZATION BASED ON TEXTUAL COHESION

This paper presents two different algorithms that derive the cohesion structure in the form of lexical chains from two kinds of language resources HowNet and TongYiCiCiLin. The re-search that connects the cohesion structure of a text to the derivation of its summary is displayed. A novel model of automatic text summarization is devised,based on the data provided by lexical chains from original texts. Moreover,the construction rules of lexical chains are modified accord-ing to characteristics of the knowledge database in order to be more suitable for Chinese summa-rization. Evaluation results show that high quality indicative summaries are produced from Chi-nese texts.

Effect of soil cohesion and friction angles on reverse faults

Severe faults have caused many earthquakes around the world throughout history.More recently,earthquakes have occurred in Taiwan,China(Chi-Chi fault),and elsewhere,causing loss of lives and destroying many buildings and structures.These tectonic movements have gained attention from engineers,and in the past 15 years,the focus has been on faulting mechanisms.In this study,a physical model(1 g)was fabricated and used to evaluate the impact of a reverse fault in a field with a tunnel.In the 1 g model,researchers installed additional gauges on the tunnel,so that all the displacements could be adjusted,and all the responses could be monitored during faulting.An experimental study of various soil properties(cohesion and friction angles)in reverse faults on the tunnel lining were carried out and are described herein.A comparison of results for different levels of soil cohesion revealed that it can dramatically reduce the displacement by as much as 40%,and that friction angles of 27ºcan record approximately 60%more displacements than at 37º.Furthermore,a comparison of fault angles of 30ºand 60ºindicates that the displacements can be different by more than 43%in cohesionless soil and about 64%for a friction angle of 27º.

Mechanical characteristic variation of ballastless track in highspeed railway:effect of train–track interaction and environment loads

Due to the fact that ballastless tracks in highspeed railways are not only subjected to repeated train–track dynamic interaction loads,but also suffer from complex environmental loads,the fundamental understanding of mechanical performance of ballastless tracks under sophisticated service conditions is an increasingly demanding and challenging issue in high-speed railway networks.This work aims to reveal the effect of train–track interaction and environment loads on the mechanical characteristic variation of ballastless tracks in high-speed railways,particularly focusing on the typical interface damage evolution between track layers.To this end,a finite element model of a double-block ballastless track involving the cohesive zone model for the track interface is first established to analyze the mechanical properties of the track interface under the loading–unloading processes of the negative temperature gradient load(TGL)followed by the same cycle of the positive TGL.Subsequently,the effect of wheel–rail longitudinal interactions on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the track interface is investigated by using a vehicle-slab track vertical-longitudinal coupled dynamics model.Finally,the influence of dynamic water pressure induced by vehicle dynamic load on the mechanical characteristics and damage evolution of the track interface is elucidated using a fluid–solid coupling method.Results show that the loading history of the positive and negative TGLs has a great impact on the nonlinear development and distribution of the track interface stress and damage;the interface damage could be induced by the wheel–rail longitudinal vibrations at a high vehicle running speed owing to the dynamic amplification effect caused by short wave irregularities;the vehicle dynamic load could produce considerable water pressure that presents nonlinear spatial–temporal characteristics at the track interface,which would lead to the interface failure under a certain condition due to the coupled dynamic effect of vehicle load and water pressure.

The role of Ca,Al and Zn on room temperature ductility and grain boundary cohesion of magnesium

It is know from literature that small additions(<1 wt%)of Ca,Al and Zn significantly improve the intrinsic ductility of Mg.The exact role of each element,both qualitatively and quantitatively,and their combined effects,however,are poorly understood.Here we achieved a much clearer view on the quantitative role of each element with respect to ductility improvement and on the collaborative effect,particularly of Ca and Zn in Mg.Some of our findings and conclusions are in disagreement with data and interpretation found in literature.Four different alloys,namely,Mg-0.1 Ca,Mg-0.1 Ca-1 Al,Mg-0.05 Ca-1 Al,Mg-0.1 Ca-2 Al-1 Zn(all are in wt%)were selected for this investigation.All alloys were treated such that approx.similar grain sizes and textures were obtained.This largely excludes the effect of extrinsic factors on ductility.EBSD-guided slip trace analyses reveal that the addition of Ca eases activation of prismatic and pyramidal II slip systems.Using in-situ deformation experiments in SEM and atom probe tomography observations of grain boundaries direct evidence is given for the individual and synergetic effects of Ca and Zn on grain boundary cohesion as an important contribution to improve the ductility of these alloys.We conclude that Ca reduces the slip anisotropy and ameliorates ductility,however,the weak grain boundary cohesion in the Mg-0.1 wt%Ca alloy limits the material’s tensile ductility.The addition of Zn alters the Ca segregation at the grain boundaries and helps to retain their cohesive strength,an effect which thus enables higher ductility and strength.The further addition of Al primarily improves the strength.The results show that the balanced influence of reduced slip anisotropy on the one hand and increased grain boundary cohesion on the other hand allow to design a high strength high ductility rare-earth free Mg alloy.

Impact of Coupling and Cohesion in Object-Oriented Technology

The interaction between the classes or within the classes shows the complexity of the design. For one smaller problem, there may be more than one software design but who will be the best;depends on the complexity level of software design. Therefore, coupling and cohesion which shows the interlinking of classes and strength of classes;control the complexity of the design. The best software object oriented design is based upon the low coupling and high cohesion level. In the present work, a real case study of Life Insurance policy for handicapped person is demonstrated through the UML Class Diagram;coupling and cohesion levels are measured and results are demonstrated in the form of tables.

Texual Cohesion and Coherence

Cohesion and coherence are two of the most important components in discourse analysis. This thesis investigales some cohesive devices and coherent means. At zhe same time, it gives an account of how a text is identified as a text. It also discusses the relationship between cohesion and coherence.

Study on Lexical Cohesionin English-Chinese and its Implications for Translation

Lexical cohesion is one of the major cohesive devices. Based on the the theoretical framework proposed by Halliday and Hasan(2001),This paper tentatively compares lexical cohesion in English and Chinese,analyzes the similarities and differences of cohesivedevicesinEnglishandChineseandshedsanewlightforlearnersuponChinese-EnglishandEnglish-Chinesetranslation.

从学前教育的科学性谈儿童平衡力的培养——以COHESION凝动儿童平衡车(滑步车)俱乐部为例

幼儿体育训练既有综合训练,也有专项训练。幼儿的跑、跳、平衡性等技能的获得,不仅需要专业教师的引导,而且还需要借助一些专门的器材及配套的课程等。本文主要探讨幼儿借助COHESION凝动儿童平衡车(滑步车)在专业教师的指引下经过系统的专项训练而获得的平衡性这一问题。

An Analysis of the Means of Cohesion in “of Studies” by Francis Bacon

This thesis aims to analyze the means of cohesion in"of Studies"by Francis Bacon.According to the systemic-functional linguistics,the paper is intended to explore cohesion means applied in Of Studies by Francis Bacon.It gives an account of the functions in grammatical cohesion in the several fields,they are reference,substitution,ellipsis,and conjunction respectively.Finally,it is expected that these analyses can help readers gain a better and deeper comprehension of the structure and content of the text.