The Role of Coix lacryma-jobi Linn. in Wastewater Treatment System of Constructed Wetland

The dynamic of growth and nutrient （N and P） absorption of Coix lacryma-jobi Linn.in constructed wetland （CW）,as well as the effect of constructed wetland harvest on N,P absorption in eutrophic water were studied.The results revealed that,in Summer and Autumn,especially in August,C.lacryma-jobi could obtain higher biomass and N,P accumulations,thereby achieving the most efficient purification; from the breeding value point of view,N,P contents could be improved by the appropriate increase of harvest times of C.lacryma-jobi,while too many harvest times was inappropriate to the wastewater purification by C.lacryma-jobi and the nutrients accumulation.So,C.lacryma-jobi should be harvested completely in August during its growth period,and twice-3 times of harvests was appropriate.

Extraction of Flavonoids from Leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

[Objectives] To extract the flavonoids from leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L. [Methods] Ethanol extraction method was adopted,spectrophotometry was used,and single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were carried out to study the effects of ethanol percentage,extraction temperature,solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction of total flavonoids from leaves of C. lacryma-jobi L.[Results] The order of 4 factors influencing the extraction of flavonoids from leaves of C. lacryma-jobi L. was: solid-to-liquid ratio > extraction time > ethanol percentage > extraction temperature. When the extraction temperature was 70℃,the extraction time was 1. 5 h and the solid-liquid ratio was 1: 10,the ethanol percentage was 60%,the extraction effect was the best,extraction of flavonoids was 0. 107 5 mg/m L.[Conclusions] This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of C. lacryma-jobi L.

Effects of Different Herbicides on Weed Control,Agronomic Characters and Grain Quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

[Objectives]The paper was to study the effects of different herbicides on weed control,agronomic characters and grain quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.[Methods]Six commonly used herbicides were selected for the trial,including atrazine SC,butachlor SC,monosulfuron WP,MCPA-starane EC,clopyralid AS and tribenuron-methyl WP.[Results](i)Atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron had no chemical injury to C.lacryma-jobi L.,while clopyralid caused slight chemical injury.(ii)The fresh weight control effects of atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron on weeds increased first and then decreased.The initial control effect of MCPA-starane and clopyralid reached more than 90%;the control effect of monosulfuron increased gradually in the late stage,reaching 97%at 60 d post spraying,and the overall control effect was optimal.(iii)Compared with manual weeding,herbicides had no significant effect on plant height of C.lacryma-jobi L.However,compared with no weeding,other herbicides except tribenuron-methyl inhibited plant growth to a certain extent.Herbicides had different effects on main stem diameter,tiller number per plant and grain number per plant of C.lacryma-jobi L.(iv)Different herbicides had no significant effect on 100-grain weight,but had significant effect on yield.(v)Compared with manual weeding,atrazine,butachlor and clopyralid decreased the protein content of C.lacryma-jobi L.,and the use of atrazine,butachlor,monosulfuron,MCPA-starane and tribenuron-methyl decreased the fat content of C.lacryma-jobi L.;butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of C.lacryma-jobi L.Compared with no weeding,chemical herbicides had no significant effect on the protein content,while atrazine decreased the fat content,and butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of C.lacryma-jobi L.[Conclusions]The use of herbicides significantly increases crop yield compared with no weeding,but has an impact on agronomic characters and grain quality.

Effects of Thallium Stress on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Coix Lacryma-jobi

Levels of T1 （Thallium） in soil from 0 （control） to 50 μg/L through 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2.5μg/L were directly and positively correlated to levels of T1 in plant tissue, the accumulation being maximum in roots, intermediate in leaves and minimum in stems. Thallium, especially at higher concentrations, adversely affected photosynthesis （as judged based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters）, suggesting inhibition of photo-activation of PSII （Photosystems II）, and also decreased the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductivity drastically. Exposure to TI also increased the activity of CAT （Catalase） （except at 1 μg/L） and POD （Peroxidase） （except at 0.2 μg/L）, suggesting that the antioxidant systems in Coix lacryma-jobi were the main contributors of CAT and SOD （Superoxide Dismutase） and that the tolerance of C. lacryma-jobi to T1 is mainly due to this induced antioxidant machinery.

Screening and Analysis of Germplasm Resources of Wild Coix lacryma-jobi L. with High Content of Coixin

[Objectives] To screen and analyze germplasm resources of wild Coix lacryma-jobi L. with high content of coixin. [Methods] From the 150 kinds of collected wild C. lacryma-jobi L. germplasm resources, 24 kinds of excellent resources were screened and detected. Morphological statistics were carried out, and the content of coixin in the four organ of roots, stems, leaves and seeds were measured, and the approved cultivar white husk Liugu of C. lacryma-jobi L. was taking as the control. [Results] Among the organs of the plant of C. lacryma-jobi L., the roots had the highest content of coixin, so the roots of C. lacryma-jobi L. can be used as the medicinal parts of C. lacryma-jobi L. [Conclusions] The wild C. lacryma-jobi L.Y229, Y164, Y166, Y83, and Y84 stains had excellent yield, and their root coixin content was significantly higher than that of the control variety, so they can be used for cultivation as excellent germplasm, so as to obtain new variety(line) of C. lacryma-jobi L.with higher content of coixin.

Targeting colorectal cancer with Herba Patriniae and Coix seed:Network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro validation

BACKGROUND Herba Patriniae and Coix seed(HC)constitute a widely utilized drug combination in the clinical management of colorectal cancer(CRC)that is known for its diuretic,anti-inflammatory,and swelling-reducing properties.Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in a clinical setting,the active compounds and their mechanisms of action in CRC treatment remain to be fully elucidated.AIM To identify the active,CRC-targeting components of HC and to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved.METHODS Active HC components were identified and screened using databases.Targets for each component were predicted.CRC-related targets were obtained from human gene databases.Interaction targets between HC and CRC were identified.A“drug-ingredient-target”network was created to identify the core components and targets involved.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses were conducted to elucidate the key pathways involved.Molecular docking between core targets and key components was executed.In vitro experiments validated core monomers.RESULTS Nineteen active components of HC were identified,with acacetin as the primary active compound.The predictive analysis identified 454 targets of the active compounds in HC.Intersection mapping with 2685 CRC-related targets yielded 171 intervention targets,including 30 core targets.GO and KEGG analyses indicated that HC may influence the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that acacetin exhibited an optimal interaction with AKT1,identifying PI3K,AKT,and P53 as key genes likely targeted by HC during CRC treatment.Acacetin inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation and migration,as well as promoted apoptosis,in vitro.Western blotting analysis revealed increased p53 and cleaved caspase-3 expression and decreased levels of p-PI3K,p-Akt,and survivin,which likely contributed to CRC apoptosis.CONCLUSION Acacetin,the principal active compound in the HC pair,inhibited the proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells and promoted apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway.

Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology

Coix seed is a dry and mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.)Stapf in the Gramineae family.Coix seed has a sweet,light taste,and a cool nature.Coix seed enters the spleen,stomach,and lung meridians.It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dampness,strengthening the spleen to prevent diarrhea,removing arthralgia,expelling pus,and detoxifying and dispersing nodules.It is used for the treatment of edema,athlete's foot,poor urination,spleen deficiency and diarrhea,dampness and obstruction,lung carbuncle,intestinal carbuncle,verruca,and cancer.The medicinal and health value is high,and it has been included in the list of medicinal and food sources in China,which has a large development and application space.This article reviews the current research achievements in the processing methods and anti-tumor activities of Coix seed and provides examples of its clinical application in ancient and modern times,aiming to provide reference for further research on Coix seed and contribute to its clinical application and development.Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese patent medicines,and simple preparations and related health food of Coix seed queried by Yaozhi.com,the source,function,and dosage form of Coix seed were comprehensively analyzed,with a view of providing a reference for the development of Coix seed medicine and food.

Shelf life evaluation of formulated cookies from Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) and Moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera)

Hanjeli(Coix lacryma-jobi L.)and moringa leaf(Moringa oleifera)remain underutilised despite their high nutritional value for food.In the present research,cookies made from hanjeli(Coix lacryma-jobi L.)with moringa leaf flour(Moringa oleifera)have been developed.Hanjeli cookies were measured for nutritional composition and shelf life assessment.The shelf life evaluation of hanjeli-moringa cookies was calculated using two approaches,which were accelerated shelf life testing(ASLT)methods with critical moisture content and the Arrhenius method.The results of the nutritional composition analysis showed that hanjeli-moringa cookies contain protein(9.14%),fat(24.67%),carbohydrates(61.62%),crude fibre(4.85%),and energy(505.01 Kcal).Using the Arrhenius method,the shelf life of hanjeli-moringa cookies was 95.46 days at room temperature and 97.63 days at 20℃.Meanwhile,the shelf life of cookies using the critical moisture content approach was 170.57 days.Shelf life is influenced by initial moisture content,critical water content of the product,packaging surface area and permeability,saturated vapour pressure,and slope sorption isotherm curve.The formulated cookies have significant amounts of nutrients that are acceptable and safe for consumption,with guaranteed desirable sensory properties.The result of this study shows that hanjeli-moringa cookies can be used as an alternative food for people who need high energy in a practical way of serving or ready to eat.

Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and anthelmintic activities of leaf and seed extracts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Objective: To evaluate the possible phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of Coix lacryma-jobi L. (Job's tears) using the chloroform leaves and seed extracts. Methods: The test for antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration was conducted by the disc diffusion and two-fold dilution method, respectively. In anthelmintic activity test, using Pheretima posthuma model, vermifuge and vermicidal activity were determined by using the chloroform extract at various concentrations. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of chloroform extracts of Job's tears leaves indicated the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, saponin, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and steroids whereas the seeds extract contained glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and steroids, which revealed highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (12.5–50 mg/mL) was observed against all selected bacteria. On the other hand, it has been observed that chloroform leaves extracts showed shortest time of paralysis (P = 8.17 min) and death (D = 18.23 min) at 100 mg/mL concentration, in comparison with seed extracts (P = 36.83 min and D = 62.33 min) at 100 mg/mL concentration and albendazole (10 mg/mL) used as reference drug (P = 20.17 min and D = 43.67 min), which indicated the plant possessed mild anthelmintic activity. Conclusions: The chloroform extracts (leaves and seeds) showed efficacy for both bacterial infections and parasitic diseases, which ensure the traditional uses of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Anti-lipid-oxidation effects and edible safety evaluation of the oil extracted by a supercritical CO_(2) process from coix seed fermented by Monascus purpureus

The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.

薏苡仁油联合5-FU对结肠癌HCT-116细胞株增殖、凋亡的影响

目的:分析薏苡仁油联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)对结肠癌HCT-116细胞株增殖、凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(methyl thiazolyl tetrazdium,MTT)法测定不同浓度薏苡仁油、5-FU以及薏苡仁油+5-FU对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞株的生长抑制效应;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测生存蛋白(Survivin)mRNA表达水平。结果:薏苡仁油、5-FU、5-FU+薏苡仁油均对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖产生一定抑制作用,且薏苡仁油浓度越高,作用时间越长,细胞增殖抑制率越高,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与薏苡仁油组及5-FU组相比,5-FU+薏苡仁油组细胞增殖抑制率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。薏苡仁油组、5-FU组、5-FU+薏苡仁油组的细胞凋亡率均高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);薏苡仁油浓度越高,细胞凋亡率也越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU+薏苡仁油组细胞凋亡率高于5-FU组及薏苡仁油组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组相比,不同浓度薏苡仁油组Survivin mRNA表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU组Survivin mRNA表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU+薏苡仁油组Survivin mRNA表达较5-FU组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:薏苡仁油能抑制结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,与5-FU联合应用能发挥药物协同作用,其作用机制可能与调控Survivin mRNA表达有关。

非酿酒酵母与酿酒酵母混合发酵对薏米酒醪色泽及风味的影响

该研究分别考察了商业酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)(SC)单菌发酵,商业酿酒酵母(SC)分别与非酿酒酵母德尔布有孢圆酵母(Torulaspora delbrueckii)(TD)、东方伊萨酵母(Issatchenkia orientalis)(IO)、粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)(SP)混合发酵对薏米酒醪基础理化特性、颜色和挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明,与SC组发酵相比,混合发酵降低了薏米酒醪的酒精度、pH和还原糖含量,可增加酒醪的亮度;混合发酵增加挥发性风味物质的种类,SC组、TD+SC组、IO+SC组和SP+SC组分别检出43种、49种、48种和48种挥发性风味物质,可显著增加酯类化合物含量(P<0.05),其中,SP+SC组显著增加了苯乙醛、壬醛和3-羟基-2-丁酮的含量(P<0.05),SC组的标志性化合物为正戊醇、2,3-丁二醇、苯乙醇等;TD+SC组为正癸醇、2-甲基丁醇、丁二酸二乙酯等;IO+SC组为异戊酸、苯甲酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯等;SP+SC组为乙酸异丁酯、丁酸乙酯、苯乙醛等。综上,非酿酒酵母和商业酿酒酵母混合发酵有助于提高薏米酒醪的色泽及风味品质。

抹茶对贮藏期间薏仁米脂质氧化的影响

目的:利用天然物质抹茶延长薏仁米货架期。方法:以新鲜薏仁米为原料,经过不同剂量抹茶茶粉处理,测定贮藏期间薏仁米的水分含量、脂肪酸值、过氧化值、丙二醛含量等各项指标及菌落总数和脂质氧化关键酶的变化。结果:经不同剂量抹茶茶粉处理均会抑制薏仁米贮藏期间脂肪酸值、过氧化值、丙二醛含量以及脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶活性的上升,减少水分的消耗及微生物的生长繁殖。抹茶对薏仁米的保藏效果存在一定程度的剂量依赖性,但添加质量分数为0.05%和0.08%的抹茶茶粉处理的保藏效果差异较小。贮藏4个月后,与自封袋组相比,添加质量分数为0.05%的抹茶茶粉处理组中薏仁米的脂肪酸值、过氧化值和丙二醛含量分别降低了31.60%,30.77%,44.83%,脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶活性分别降低了23.05%,28.74%,且游离脂肪酸组成和含量与新鲜薏仁米更相似。结论:抹茶能有效抑制薏仁米贮藏期间脂质氧化,延长其货架期。

氮磷钾肥配施对薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性的影响

探明氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性的影响,可为薏苡高效施肥技术模式提供理论和技术支持。以‘贵薏1号’为材料,采用“3414”设计,应用Richards方程对不同氮磷钾肥配施下薏苡5个部位(上、中、下1、下2和下3部位)籽粒灌浆过程的影响进行了研究。结果表明:1)与不施肥处理相比,施用氮磷钾肥可延长薏苡上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒灌浆速率达最大时需要的天数和籽粒活跃灌浆期,提高灌浆速率达最大值时的粒重、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率,进而提高薏苡结实特性。2)氮磷钾肥配施显著提高薏苡中部和下1部粒重,在单因素肥效间表现为N>K>P,在双因素肥效互作间表现为PK>NP>NK,但过量施用氮磷钾肥会使粒重有所下降,结实特性显著变差。3)相关性分析表明,上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒的千粒重与籽粒结实率、充实度、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率呈正相关。4)拟合肥料与薏苡千粒重效应函数方程,得出薏苡N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的最优推荐施肥范围分别为135.51~270.99 kg·hm^(-2)、75.00~150.50 kg·hm^(-2)、56.25~112.51 kg·hm^(-2)。氮磷钾肥配施显著影响薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性,适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著促进籽粒灌浆、缩小部位间差异,又可以提高结实率和粒重。在薏苡生产中,氮肥对薏苡籽粒灌浆结实特性影响最大,钾肥次之,磷肥影响最小。

抗性早熟汤剂治疗中枢性性早熟女童的疗效与安全性

目的探讨抗性早熟中药汤剂对中枢性性早熟女童的疗效及安全性。方法搜集2021—2023年于江西省儿童医院内分泌遗传代谢科就诊的中枢性性早熟女童共127例为研究对象,根据是否接受抗性早熟中药汤剂治疗分为治疗组73例与对照组54例。对照组予健康宣教及饮食调整;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用抗性早熟中药汤剂(1袋·次^(-1),2次·d^(-1)),根据服药后情况,随证另加炒薏苡仁(5 g)口服。治疗6个月后,比较2组治疗有效率及治疗前后骨龄、骨龄/年龄、身高、体重指数(BMI)、子宫长径、卵巢容积、促黄体生成素(LH)基础值、LH峰值、LH/促卵泡刺激素(FSH)峰值、乳房Tanner分期,并监测观察组不良反应以评估其安全性。结果治疗组治疗有效率(84.9%)明显高于对照组(11.1%)(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组各观察指标水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后2组乳房Tanner分期分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组的骨龄、骨龄/年龄、卵巢容积、基础LH值、LH峰值、LH/FSH峰值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后BMI低于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗前后骨龄/年龄、子宫长径比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组治疗后骨龄/年龄、子宫长径较治疗前升高(P<0.05)。2组治疗前后身高比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组治疗过程中有13例患儿腹泻,另加炒薏苡仁口服后症状缓解,无其他不良反应事件发生。结论抗性早熟中药汤剂治疗中枢性性早熟女童疗效肯定,安全性良好,且不会影响患儿的生长速度和增加体重。

薏米对果蝇生长发育的影响

以黑腹果蝇为试验材料,设置不同浓度的薏米培养基(0%、10%、15%、20%),探究薏米培养基对果蝇繁殖力、雌雄比例、体重、寿命及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,以期为薏米的合理使用提供理论依据.结果显示:随着薏米浓度的逐渐提高,果蝇的成蛹数、羽化数、寿命和体重均呈现先升高后降低的趋势.当薏米浓度在0%~15%区间时,果蝇的成蛹数、羽化数、寿命和体重均呈现为逐渐提高,15%时各项所测指标最高:成蛹数、羽化数分别为64.33只和60.00只,雌、雄果蝇的寿命分别为65 d和62 d,雌、雄果蝇的体重分别达1.382 g和1.180 g.果蝇的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性也随薏米浓度的增加而增加,当浓度为20%时,过氧化氢酶活性最高,雌、雄果蝇分别达15.77 U/mg和14.96 U/mg.可见,15%的薏米培养基最适宜果蝇的生长发育,20%的薏米培养基对果蝇CAT活性的提高最显著,但薏米浓度对果蝇的雌雄比例影响不明显.

薏苡附子败酱散通过抗三结构域蛋白21-Toll样受体4-t-核因子-κB信号通路对类风湿关节炎MH7A细胞的影响

目的观察不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的类风湿关节炎成纤维细胞(MH7A)增殖、凋亡及炎症反应的影响,探究其作用机制。方法2022年2―8月,大鼠用不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散及蒸馏水灌胃制备含药血清;20μg/L的TNF-α处理的MH7A细胞记为TNF-α组,TNF-α+含药血清处理的MH7A细胞记为薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组,正常培养的MH7A细胞标记为对照组。细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)、流式细胞术、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测细胞的存活、凋亡及白细胞介素(IL)-1β、干扰素(IFN)-γ;蛋白质印迹法(WB)检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-3、MMP-9、抗三结构域蛋白21(TRIM21)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、t-核因子(NF)-κB p65、磷酸化(p)-NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB抑制因子(IκB)-α和t-IκB-α蛋白表达。pcDNA 3.1组(转染空载体)、pcDNA+TRIM21组(转染pcDNA 3.1+TRIM21)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-con组(转染si-con+4.70 g/kg含药血清)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-TRIM21组(转染si-TRIM21+4.70 g/kg含药血清)。结果与对照组相比,TNF-α组细胞存活率(105.07±1.90比185.67±3.06)、TRIM21(0.56±0.02比0.68±0.04)、MMP-3(0.18±0.00比0.63±0.02)、MMP-9(0.39±0.01比0.82±0.01)、TLR4(0.25±0.02比0.68±0.07)、p-NF-κB p65(0.24±0.01比0.68±0.06)、p-IκB-α(0.22±0.01比0.55±0.04)蛋白表达和IL-1β(31.65±0.66比101.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(8.53±0.16比63.76±1.35)含量均显著升高,凋亡率(6.54±0.06比1.17±0.08)均显著降低;与TNF-α组相比,薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组(185.67±3.06比153.77±3.09;0.68±0.04比0.37±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.47±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.73±0.01;103.2±0.7比92.93±0.85;66.3±1.45比54.47±1.46;0.68±0.07比0.53±0.05;0.68±0.06比0.53±0.06;0.55±0.04比0.47±0.01;1.84±0.07比6.67±0.28)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组(185.67±3.06比136.23±1.57;0.68±0.04比0.57±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.37±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.57±0.00;103.2±0.7比86.4±0.75;66.3±1.45比38.1±0.92;0.68±0.07比0.43±0.07;0.68±0.06比0.59±0.01;0.55±0.04比0.40±0.03;1.84±0.07比9.59±0.29)、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组(185.67±3.06比143.47±1.50;0.68±0.04比0.47±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.41±0.05;0.82±0.01比0.62±0.00;103.2±0.7比89.63±0.42;66.3±1.45比40.17±0.90;0.68±0.07比0.51±0.06;0.68±0.06比0.69±0.07;0.55±0.04比0.41±0.02;1.84±0.07比8.89±0.08)细胞存活率、TRIM21、MMP-3、MMP-9蛋白和IL-1β、IFN-γ含量及TLR4、p-NF-κB p65、p-IκB-α蛋白表达均显著降低,凋亡率均显著升高(P<0.05);与pcDNA组相比,pcDNA+TRIM21组细胞TRIM21蛋白表达(0.24±0.03比0.51±0.04)、细胞凋亡率(1.61±0.11比12.43±0.61)均显著升高,MMP-3(0.64±0.02比0.41±0.04)、MMP-9(0.82±0.03比0.45±0.02)、IL-1β(110.63±0.55比90.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(64.5±0.82比48.1±1.25)及细胞存活率(179.03±0.74比120.07±0.60)均显著降低;敲减TRIM21显著抑制薏苡附子败酱散中浓度对损伤细胞的治疗作用且显著升高TLR4(0.45±0.06比0.61±0.02)、p-NF-κB p65(0.49±0.02比0.56±0.02)、p-IκB-α(0.38±0.01比0.62±0.01)的蛋白表达。结论薏苡附子败酱散增强TNF-α诱导的MH7A细胞的生存能力,其作用机制与上调TRIM21抑制TLR4-NF-κB信号通路活性有关。

电子束辐照对薏苡仁中5种真菌毒素降解率以及甘油三油酸酯含量的影响

为了科学利用电子束辐照技术有效降解薏苡仁中的5种真菌毒素[黄曲霉毒素4种:AFB_(1)、AFB_(2)、AFG_(1)和AFG_(2);玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)],利用高效液相色谱法,测定了不同剂量[0(未辐照)、2、4、6、8、10 kGy)的电子束辐照处理以及适宜剂量电子束辐照结合不同的水分、pH值、双氧水(H_(2)O_(2))处理后薏苡仁中5种真菌毒素降解率以及甘油三油酸酯含量的变化。结果表明:薏苡仁中5种毒素的降解率均随辐照剂量的增大而逐渐提高,其中8 kGy剂量处理的5种毒素降解率与10 kGy剂量处理差异均不显著,因此确定电子束辐照降解薏苡仁中5种毒素的适宜剂量为8 kGy。8 kGy剂量的电子束辐照时,控制薏苡仁水分含量为10%~12%,pH值为8~9,添加1.0%浓度的H_(2)O_(2),薏苡仁中5种真菌毒素的降解率高,且甘油三油酸酯含量仍能达到《中国药典》(2020版)标准。研究结果可为利用电子束辐照降解薏苡仁中5种毒素提供技术支持。

薏苡ClSAD、ClFAD2基因单倍型鉴定与相关脂肪酸关联分析

薏苡仁油是薏苡仁主要功能性物质之一,脂肪酸是其重要组成部分。以中国9个省份的190份薏苡种质为材料,检测其种仁硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸含量,分析ClSAD、ClFAD2基因序列多态性并鉴定单倍型,进行脂肪酸含量单倍型关联分析。结果表明,不同薏苡种质种仁3种脂肪酸含量存在广泛变异,变异系数为15.84%~23.05%,遗传多样性指数为5.22~5.23,其中油酸含量最高,硬脂酸含量最低,各脂肪酸组分间呈极显著正相关。ClSAD和ClFAD2内部各有14个和3个SNP,分别鉴定到5个单倍型组合,ClSAD基因单倍型Hap3和ClFAD2基因单倍型Hap1分别与参考基因组一致。ClSAD基因单倍型Hap3与硬脂酸含量显著关联且具有负效应,利于硬脂酸向油酸转化。ClFAD2基因单倍型Hap1利于亚油酸的积累,而Hap2与亚油酸酸含量显著关联且具有负效应,不利于亚油酸的合成。在2个基因内部各鉴定到1个关键SNP位点,分别是形成SAD和FAD2酶活性差异的关键位点。研究结果将为高油薏苡优良品种的选育、分子标记开发和相关分子机制解析提供理论基础。

一株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌L21在薏苡植株体内的定殖研究

将含有抗生素的绿色荧光蛋白质粒标记在菌株L21(Bacillus velezensis)中,旨在深入研究内生细菌与薏苡植株的互作。采用自然转化法,将质粒pHT01-P43GFPmut3a转入薏苡内生菌L21中,获得了工程菌株L21-GFP,并测定了L21-GFP和L21的生长曲线、遗传稳定性、功能稳定性;用浇灌法将L21-GFP导入薏苡植株体内,并用荧光显微检测其定殖情况。结果表明:L21-GFP和L21的菌落形态、生长速度和拮抗活性之间无明显差异,均在培养8 h后从缓慢生长期进入对数生长期;pHT01-P43GFPmut3a能在L21中稳定遗传,转接40 h后的稳定性为63%;工程菌株L21-GFP能够稳定地定殖于薏苡植株体内,其中定殖于根部的菌体密度最大,达到106 cfu/g。由此可知,L21-GFP在薏苡体内定殖能力强且稳定,具有良好的应用前景。