Effect of different cold air intensities and their lagged effects on outpatient visits for respiratory illnesses in Handan in different seasons

本文利用2016年到2019年邯郸市气象要素和呼吸系统疾病门诊数据,分析了不同季节不同强度的冷空气过程及其对呼吸系统疾病的影响,结果显示:尽管呼吸系统疾病在冬季高发,夏季最低,但冷空气对呼吸系统疾病的影响在夏,春季最大,就诊人数分别在冷空气日后两天和五天增加18.4%和13.3%,而冬季就诊人数在冷空气日后三天仅增加3.2%.冷空气对疾病影响的滞后时间在夏,秋和冬季随冷空气强度的增加而减少,而春季的滞后时间总是很长.这些发现可为科学应对气候异常导致的人群健康风险提供针对性依据.

Study on Effect of Iron in Anther Media of Early Japonica Rice in Cold Region

In this study, through vitro culturing anthers of 7 F1 progenies of early Japonica rice in cold region on medium with different Fe2+ contents, it was found that Fe2+ content generated greater impacts on the induction rate and green plantlet differentiation. The result demonstrated that if Fe2+ increased from 32 to 40 mg/kg, the induction rate of early Japonica rice anther culture in N6 culture media was more then 1.4 times higher than that in N6 culture media containing 5.6 mg/kg Fe2+. In this concentration range, the induction rate increased with the increase of Fe2+ content, while if the concentration was over this concentration range, the induction rate decreased with the increase of Fe2+, showing single peak distribution. When the Fe2+ was 40 mg/kg in differentiation medium, the differentiation rate decreased dramatically. The green plantlet differentiations of callus which were induced on culture media containing 32-40 mg/kg Fe2+ were different, when they were cultured on MS culture media, and 85.7% materials could increase green plantlet productivity to about 7.8%. Therefore, increasing Fe2+in induction media properly could increase anther culture efficiency of early Japonica rice in cold region.

Oasis cold island effect and its influence on air temperature: a case study of Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Oasis effect can improve the regional climate and habitability of an arid region. In this study, we explored the cold island effects of oases distributed along the edge of Tarim Basin by analyzing the oasis cold island effect （OCIE） intensity, spatial-temporal variation of OCIE, factors influencing the OCIE and impacts of OCIE on air temperature using geographical statistics and GIS methods based on the MODIS land surface temperature, land use/cover change （LUCC） and observed air temperature data. Results showed that all the oases in the Tarim Basin exhibited cold island effects, with the OCIE intensity highest in summer （-9.08℃）, followed by autumn （-4.24℃） and spring （-3.85℃）. The total area of oasis cold island （OCI） and the comprehensive OCIE index showed the same seasonal change trend as the OCIE intensity. However, the changing trends in areas of OCI with strong, medium and weak OCIEs were inconsistent across different seasons. Farmland and water areas were found to be the key contributors that affected the OCIE, and the area and aggregation metrics of these two land use/cover types directly contributed to the OCIE. By contrast, natural vegetation, such as forest and grassland, almost had no contribution to the OCIE. Simulation of observed air temperature data showed that if farmland is replaced by forest or grassland in the oasis, the mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures will increase significantly. This heating effect will be higher in summer （reaching 1.14℃ to 2.08℃） and lower in spring and autumn. Moreover, the heating effect of farmland being replaced by forest will be higher than that of farmland being replaced by grassland. These results can provide a basis for understanding the cold island effect of oases in arid regions.

Change in Urban Wetlands and Their Cold Island Effects in Response to Rapid Urbanization

The cold-island effect of urban wetlands has received increasing attention in recent years due to its important role in the alleviation of urban heat islands.Hangzhou,a representative rapidly urbanizing city with rich wetlands in China,was selected as a case study for researching the changes that the urban wetlands have undergone and their impact on the urban thermal environment.Land surface temperature(LST) was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images in 1990,1995,2000,2006,and 2010,using the single-channel method.The results are as follows:1) considering the changes in land use,the urban wetlands located to the west of Hangzhou have decreased significantly during 1990–2010 because of rapid urbanization.In the Xixi Wetland,the change in land use was relatively small and most of the water body and vegetation were preserved.However,to the east of the Xixi Wetland,large areas of water body and vegetation have been replaced by built-up land as a result of the urbanization process;2) considering the change in LST,it was found from land surface temperature retrieval that the changing spatial pattern of the thermal field was highly correlated with land use changes.Low temperature regions of the eastern Xixi Wetland were gradually eroded by high temperature regions,and the centroid of the heat island in East Xixi was found to be constantly shifting westward.In addition,the difference in LST between the Xixi Wetland and East Xixi has increased;3) considering the impact factors for this area,land use structure and patch shape were found to have a significant impact on LST,shown by the results of multiple linear stepwise regressions.Increasing the size of the wetlands in urban planning is considered to be the most effective measure in alleviating the urban heat island effect.Moreover,reducing the spatial complexity of landscape patches also contributes to the alleviation of the urban heat island effect.

Therapeutic Actions of the Chinese Herbal Formulae with Cold and Heat Properties and Their Effects on Ultrastructures of Synoviocytes in Rats of the Collagen-Induced Arthritis

The therapeutic actions of Qing Luo Yin (QLY清络饮) with heat property and Wen Luo Yin (WLY温络饮) with cold property on pain, swelling of the ankle, arthritis index and ultrastructures of synoviocytes were compared in rats of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), with tripterygium glycosidorum (TG) used as control. The results indicated that both QLY and WLY could reduce pain, swelling of the ankle and the arthritis index of CIA, and QLY had better effects in reducing the swelling of the ankle and controlling the secondary pathological lesions as compared with WLY. Investigation on the ultrastructures of synoviocytes indicated that both QLY and WLY could reduce the number of Golgi apparatus, rough surface endoplasmic reticulum, dense bodies, matrix filaments and vacuoles so as to suppress the excessive secretion of synoviocytes in rats of CIA.

Effect of sizes of forming rolls on cold ring rolling by 3D-FE numerical simulation

During cold ring rolling process, changing the sizes of forming rolls including driver roll and idle roll will lead to a change of amount of feed Ah and contact areas between ring blank and forming rolls, thus a change of the shape and dimension of deformation zone located in the gap of forming rolls is found. It has a significant effect on metal flow and the forming quality of deformed ring. So the size effect of forming rolls on cold ring rolling was investigated by three-dimensional dynamic explicit FEM under ABAQUS environment. The obtained results thoroughly reveal the influence laws of the sizes of forming rolls on the average spread, fishtail coefficient, degree of inhomogeneous deformation and force and power parameters etc not only provide an important basis for design of the forming rolls and optimization of cold ring rolling process, but also reveal the plastic deformation mechanism of cold ring rolling.

Flatness Control Based on Dynamic Effective Matrix for Cold Strip Mills

Steel strips are the main of steel products and flatness is an important quality indicator of steel strips. Flatness control is the key and highly difficult technique of strip mills. The bottle-neck restricting the improvement of flatness control techniques is that the research on flatness theories and control mathematic models is not in accordance with the requirement of technique developments. To build a simple, rapid and accurate explicit formulation control model has become an urgent need for the development of flatness control technique. This paper puts forward the conception of dynamic effective matrix based on the effective matrix method for flatness control proposed by the authors under the consideration of the influence of the change of parameters in roiling processes on the effective matrix, and the concept is validated by industrial productions. Three methods of the effective matrix generation are induced： the calculation method based on the flatness prediction model; the calculation method based on the data excavation in rolling processes and the direct calculation method based on the network model. A fuzzy neural network effective matrix model is built based on the clusters, and then the network structure is optimized and the high-speed-calculation problem of the dynamic effective matrix is solved. The flatness control scheme for cold strip mills is proposed based on the dynamic effective matrix. On stand 5 of the 1 220 mm five-stand 4-high cold strip tandem mill, the industrial experiment with the control methods of tilting roll and bending roll is done by the control scheme of the static effective matrix and the dynamic effective matrix, respectively. The experiment result proves that the control effect of the dynamic effective matrix is much better than that of the static effective matrix. This paper proposes a new idea and method for the dynamic flatness control in the rolling processes of cold strip mills and develops the theory and model of the flatness control effective matrix method.

Cold-humid effect of Baiyangdian wetland

Data support for wetland protection function evaluation can be provided by quantitatively analyzing the ability of regulating the regional climate of the wetland ecosystem. In this study, the cold-humid effect of the Baiyangdian wetland was analyzed by comparing the meteorological conditions of the Baiyangdian wetland and its surrounding areas. Meanwhile, the regulatory functions of the Baiyangdian wetland for the processes and magnitudes of temperature and relative humidity from August to October 2008 were evaluated. The results show that daily mean temperatures in the Baiyangdian wetland were lower than in the surrounding areas, and that temperature differences mainly occurred in the daytime but were not obvious at night. Diurnal temperature ranges in the Baiyangdian wetland were lower than in the surrounding areas, and the higher the diurnal temperature range in the surrounding areas was, the stronger the regulation ability of the Baiyangdian wetland. Compared with the surrounding areas, the decline of the daily minimum temperature in the Baiyangdian wetland was gentler, and the mean relative humidity there was higher. The present findings indicate that effects of the Baiyangdian wetland on climate and humidity regulation are significant.

Dick Effect in the Integrating Sphere Cold Atom Clock

The Dick effect is an important factor limiting the frequency stability of sequentially-operating atomic frequency standards. Here we study the impact of the Dick effect in the integrating sphere cold atom clock （ISCAC）. To reduce the impact of the Dick effect, a 5 MHz local oscillator with ultra-low phase noise is selected and a new microwave synthesizer is built in-house. Consequently, the phase noise of microwave signal is optimized. The contribution of the Dick effect is reduced to 2.5× 10^-13τ-1/2 （3- is the integrating time）. The frequency stability of 4.6 × 10-13τ-1/2 is achieved. The development of this optimization can promote the space applications of the compact ISCA C.

Tidal Effects on the Bottom Thermal Front of North Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass near Zhangzi Island in Summer 2009

Three seabed-mounted TD/CTD chains and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in the southwest of Zhangzi Island are used and a simultaneous cruise observation in the northern North Yellow Sea (NYS) is conducted to study temperature variation in the bottom thermal front zone of the NYS Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM) during the summer of 2009. In the flood-ebb tidal cycles, the bottom temperature decreases (increases) during flood (ebb) tides, which are dominated by the tidal-current induced horizontal advection. The ebb tide-induced temperature increase is larger than the flood tide-induced tempera- ture decrease due to seasonal warming. In the spring-neap tidal cycles, the temperature and the vertical temperature structure show notable fortnightly variation from 16 July to 25 August. The bottom temperature increases from neap to spring tides and decreases from spring to neap. The Richardson number demonstrates strengthened vertical mixing during spring tides but enhanced stratifica- tion during neap tides. The spring-neap variation in vertical shear caused by tidal current is the dominant factor that induces the fort- nightly variation in vertical mixing and thus bottom temperature.

2016—2021年合肥市极端气温与循环系统疾病死亡的时间序列分析

目的探讨合肥市极端气温对居民循环系统疾病死亡的影响及不同人群的敏感性分析。方法收集合肥市2016—2021年逐日气象资料、大气污染物监测资料及循环系统疾病死亡数据。采用基于广义相加模型的分布滞后非线性模型(distributed lag non-linear model,DLNM),评估极端气温对不同性别、年龄人群循环系统疾病死亡影响以及对循环系统主要疾病死亡的滞后效应和累积效应。以日均气温中位数(17.7℃)为对照,计算极端气温的相对危险度(RR)。结果合肥市极端气温对居民循环系统疾病死亡具有显著影响。极端低温对循环系统疾病死亡影响滞后时间长,lag4时达到最大,RR(95%CI)为1.067(1.039,1.095),且不同人群的死亡风险均明显增加。极端高温对循环系统疾病死亡的影响在当天达到最大,RR(95%CI)为1.088(1.020,1.160),持续时间短;≥65岁、女性和脑血管病患者也均在当日效应最大,且效应具有统计学意义,而对其他人群无明显影响。极端气温对不同人群的冷效应均高于热效应,低温对<65岁人群的死亡风险明显高于≥65岁人群,热效应则相反;女性冷效应和热效应均高于男性;脑血管病人群冷效应和热效应也均高于缺血性心脏病人群。结论合肥市极端气温可能增加居民循环系统疾病死亡风险,冷效应影响更大,不同人群对冷热效应的敏感性有差别。

Effect of seed soaked with urea solution on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings

In the Yangtze river aera,the first crop of indi-ca rice is sown in late Mar to early Apr andtransplanted in early May.Usually,seedlingsperish when abnormal low temperature of 6-10℃ lasted for 3 d or longer.The effect ofsocking seed with urea solution on increasingthe cold tolerance at the seedling stage was

三次台风登陆后雨带列车效应特征对比

为探讨台风雨带列车效应导致极端降水的可能形成方式和流型配置,利用多源观测资料,对2015年第13号台风苏迪罗(过程1)、2013年第23号台风菲特(过程2)和2005年第9号台风麦莎(过程3)登陆减弱后的对流雨带列车效应现象进行对比分析。结果表明:三次过程大暴雨区都发生在浙江东部丘陵东侧迎风坡,且具有雨带走向与环境背景气流基本一致及水汽通量辐合集中在850 hPa以下的共性,但其环境背景明显不同。过程1和过程2均由台风外围对流雨带引起,其中过程1雨带位于台风低压与副热带高压之间,垂直风切变和对流有效位能较大,水汽来自低纬度海面且湿层深厚;过程2发生在陆上台风残涡与海上另一个台风之间的鞍型场内,垂直风切变和对流有效位能较小,水汽来自同纬度海面,湿层仅位于对流层中下部。过程3由台风内核区雨带引起,垂直风切变强,对流有效位能最小。进一步分析发现在不同环境垂直风廓线和湿度廓线下三次过程雨带的结构和组织方式呈现出明显差异。在过程1中,对流发展较高,冷池与偏东气流间形成较深厚边界层辐合,所构成边界的两侧斜压结构促进来自海面暖湿空气在力管项作用下在边界暖湿一侧抬升,雨带两侧正负散度配置加强了对流的组织化程度,使对流单体长时间沿雨带长轴移动;在过程2中,偏东气流与弱冷池之间风向相反,风速相当,辐合较浅薄,暖云降水起主要作用,新单体不断在雨带东边界生成、西边界消亡,雨带停滞少动引发持续强降水;在过程3中,内核区雨带较大程度受台风涡旋动力学影响,对流发展高度低,为典型的热带海洋降水型,结构随高度略向外侧倾斜,对流单体在台风本体东侧低空东南风急流脉动产生的风速辐合作用下反复被激发并向下游移动,引发极端强降水。以上事实说明,导致极端降水的台风雨带列车效应形成方式多样,其短时临近预报面临重大挑战。

应用200μm钬激光光纤治疗球、膜部尿道狭窄临床分析及新思考

目的:分析和思考内镜下应用(200μm)钬激光光纤治疗球、膜部尿道狭窄的疗效及治疗经验。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年6月样本医院收治的86例内镜下应用冷刀及200μm钬激光光纤治疗男性球、膜部尿道狭窄患者的临床资料进行分析。所有患者尿道造影均提示狭窄段<1 cm,彩超检查提示瘢痕厚度<0.5 cm和(或)合并部分假道。按手术方式分为两组,对照组(冷刀组,41例):应用冷刀纵形辐射状切开狭窄段至正常海绵体深度;观察组(激光组,45例):采用200μm钬激光光纤,“同轴法”纵向切开狭窄段并切除尿道瘢痕,深度同对照组。术后均留置16 F硅胶尿管,2周后拔除,观察其自行排尿情况。结果:观察组患者手术时间长于对照组,术中、术后出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.494、15.112、14.351、13.300,P<0.05);两组患者术后即刻、术后3个月、术后12个月其自行排尿情况同时复查最大尿流率比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.130、0.528、0.298、0.312,P>0.05);术后2周,两组患者生理、心理、社会、环境、独立评分均较治疗前明显升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=13.416、5.429、14.367、9.426、5.529,P<0.05)。结论:直视下尿道内切开术(DVIU)应用200μm钬激光光纤较冷刀不增加并发症,术后患者生活质量更高,评估手术疗效则需要狭窄长度和瘢痕厚度综合考虑。

温阳通督药物罐治疗肾虚督寒型强直性脊柱炎疗效观察

目的:观察温阳通督药物罐对肾虚督寒型强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效。方法:将174例肾虚督寒型强直性脊柱炎患者随机分为试验组(药物罐治疗,55例)、对照一组(玻璃火罐治疗,57例)和对照二组(水煮拇指罐治疗,56例),均给予基础治疗,观察各组Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(the bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index,BASDAI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(the bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index,BASFI)、证候积分及红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平的变化情况,以及临床疗效和安全性。结果:治疗后,各组BASDAI、BASFI评分及证候积分均较治疗前降低,试验组降低更明显(P<0.05);各组ESR、CRP值均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组、对照一组、对照二组总有效率分别为92.73%(51/55)、82.45%(47/57)、71.43%(40/56),试验组高于另外两组(P<0.05);治疗期间各组均未发生明显不良反应。结论:温阳通督药物罐能改善肾虚督寒型强直性脊柱炎患者临床症状,降低炎性指标水平,且不良反应少。

冷弯圆钢管截面材料特性分布模型研究

对取自10种不同截面尺寸、不同直径、不同厚度的冷弯圆形钢管的120个试件进行了材料性能试验研究。结果表明:冷弯效应对材料的强度和延性影响较大;含焊缝圆弧部位的屈服强度和极限强度均比不含焊缝圆弧的部位有较大提高,而伸长率明显降低,含焊缝圆弧的断面收缩率也略有降低;不含焊缝部位和含焊缝处的强屈比也略有不同,分别为1.24和1.16。基于试验研究结果,提出了冷弯圆形钢管截面的屈服强度、极限强度、强屈比、伸长率和断面收缩率沿截面的分布模型。当相应冷弯圆钢管截面的梁、柱强度和稳定分析中需要考虑冷弯效应的影响时,可以用此分布模型进行分析。

对比分析宫腔镜冷刀技术与宫腔镜电切术治疗宫腔妊娠物残留的疗效及对子宫内膜再生的影响

目的对比分析宫腔镜冷刀技术与宫腔镜电切术治疗宫腔妊娠物残留的疗效及对子宫内膜再生的影响。方法前瞻性选取宝鸡市中心医院自2021年1月至2022年12月收治的82例宫腔妊娠物残留患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受宫腔镜手术治疗,依据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各41例。对照组行宫腔镜电切术治疗,观察组行宫腔镜冷刀技术治疗。比较两组术中情况(手术时间、术中出血量、苏醒时间、经济费用),术后恢复情况[术后住院时间、术后阴道出血时间、术后月经复潮时间、术后人绒毛膜促性腺素(HCG)恢复正常时间],术前及术后3个月、术后6个月的子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜血流参数[阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)],一次性治愈率、月经量减少率、术后并发症发生率。结果观察组手术时间为(17.52±5.32)h,短于对照组[(23.09±6.57)h],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术中出血量、苏醒时间、经济费用比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的术后住院时间、术后阴道出血时间、术后月经复潮时间、术后HCG恢复正常时间分别为(1.09±0.24)、(6.01±1.98)、(29.56±4.87)、(7.68±1.83)d,均短于对照组[(1.21±0.18)、(8.25±2.70)、(33.15±6.82)、(10.01±2.37)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术前及术后6个月的子宫内膜厚度、RI、PI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月,观察组的子宫内膜厚度、RI、PI分别为(8.96±1.57)mm、0.54±0.09、0.80±0.16,均大于对照组[(7.05±1.36)mm、0.42±0.05、0.70±0.13],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组一次性治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组月经量减少率为2.44%,低于对照组(14.63%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为4.88%,低于对照组(24.39%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宫腔镜冷刀技术与宫腔镜电切术治疗宫腔妊娠物残留的疗效相当,前者在促进术后恢复、减少并发症发生和保护子宫内膜上具有显著优势,值得临床予以重视应用。

黄芪建中汤合暖胃汤治疗患儿脾胃虚寒型急性肠胃炎

目的观察黄芪建中汤合暖胃汤治疗脾胃虚寒型急性肠胃炎患儿的疗效。方法选取2021年2月-2023年5月医院收治的74例脾胃虚寒型急性肠胃炎患儿,以随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各37例。2组均接受对症治疗,对照组在此基础上采用奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上接受黄芪建中汤合暖胃汤治疗。2组均治疗14 d。对比2组中医证候评分、病症恢复时间、临床疗效、炎症反应、胃肠激素及不良反应。结果治疗后,2组主症评分、次症评分、总评分明显降低(P<0.05),且研究组降低更为明显(P<0.05)。研究组发热、腹痛、呕吐、腹泻等病症恢复时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)水平明显降低(P<0.05),且研究组降低更为明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组胃泌素(GSA)水平明显降低(P<0.05),且研究组降低更为明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组胃动力素(MTL)水平明显升高(P<0.05),且研究组升高更为明显(P<0.05)。2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论黄芪建中汤合暖胃汤治疗脾胃虚寒型急性肠胃炎患儿疗效确切,可改善患儿临床症状与胃肠功能,促进患儿康复,减轻炎症反应,且安全可靠。

反刍动物冷应激及智能监测研究进展

在低温寒冷环境下,反刍动物的冷应激时有发生,冷应激影响动物机体的多项指标与功能,在降低动物健康水平与动物福利的同时,还严重影响到养殖场的经济效益。随着反刍动物规模化健康养殖的快速发展,具有高效率、低人工优点的动物智能监测手段愈加成熟。本文结合国内外现有研究,综述了冷应激对反刍动物的影响以及对冷应激智能监测的研究进展,为保障恶劣环境下动物的健康福利,提高养殖场的经济效益,以及未来的反刍动物冷应激研究提供参考。

寒区隧道防冻保温层隔热作用机理及其厚度影响因素研究

针对寒冷地区公路隧道防冻保温层表面铺设,共设置了21组计算工况,通过对年周期下隧道防冻保温层、衬砌结构和围岩沿径向温度场变化以及各工况所需的防冻保温层厚度进行数值模拟计算,研究隧道防冻保温层隔热作用机理及其所需厚度的影响因素。结果表明:防冻保温层隔热作用显著,主要体现在使隧道衬砌结构和围岩年温度振幅降低上,同时年平均温度也有一定升高;随着防冻保温层铺设厚度增大,隧道衬砌结构和围岩年平均温度和年温度振幅分别呈指数函数升高和降低,相应的年最低温度也呈指数函数升高,防冻保温层厚度越大,隔热效果越好,但是隔热效率不断降低;围岩导热系数越大,导温系数越小,防冻保温层隔热效果越显著;防冻保温层所需厚度随围岩导热系数和围岩初始温度升高呈指数函数减小,随围岩导温系数升高呈对数函数增加,随年平均气温和年温度振幅升高分别呈线性减小和增加,防冻保温层厚度应综合考虑以上各因素进行计算确定。