The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluat...The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land uses.The papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and environment.Here we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes.During the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.展开更多
Affiliation unit: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cold Regions Environment, CAS Brief history: The Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment (LICCRE) was formally approved to open domestically and intern...Affiliation unit: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cold Regions Environment, CAS Brief history: The Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment (LICCRE) was formally approved to open domestically and internationally by Chinese Academy of Sciences in April 1997. It is attached to the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, CAS.展开更多
The room temperature tensile properties of cold rolled and annealed Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy are similar to those of warm rolled Fe 3Al alloys. The cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy is also susceptible to test enviro...The room temperature tensile properties of cold rolled and annealed Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy are similar to those of warm rolled Fe 3Al alloys. The cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy is also susceptible to test environments. It has been shown that the ductility in various environments decreases in sequence of oxygen—oil—air—distilled water. The results of X ray diffraction analysis show that (211) preferred orientation of B 2 phase appears in cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy after recrystallization annealing.展开更多
The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental andEngineering Research Institute(CAREERI) wascreated in June 1999 as a result of the current PilotRroject of the Knowledge Innovation Program of theChinse Academy of Sciences (...The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental andEngineering Research Institute(CAREERI) wascreated in June 1999 as a result of the current PilotRroject of the Knowledge Innovation Program of theChinse Academy of Sciences (CAS). Formed onthe basis of three former CAS institutes,namely, theLanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,the Lanzhou Institute of Desert Studies, and展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have been the top-ranked cause of human death in the world for years,according to the World Health Organization.Accumulating evidence from epidemiological data supports the view that the r...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have been the top-ranked cause of human death in the world for years,according to the World Health Organization.Accumulating evidence from epidemiological data supports the view that the risk of CVDs is higher in northern China than in southern area.There is no doubt that living environment has become a crucial factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of CVDs in northern region.However,there have not been any clinical guidelines for the prevention strategy of environment-related CVDs,especially for cold exposure.Thus,there is an urgent need for better understanding of the clinical characteristics and underlying mechanisms of cold-induced CVDs in order to formulate and implement proper and effective measures for minimizing the risk of CVDs for people residing in low-temperature area.Cold exposure,air pollution,lack of sunlight and irrational diet are believed to be crucial factors responsible for environment-related CVDs,and preventive measures might be carried out accordingly to decrease the high risk of CVDs in northern China.展开更多
Acclimatization is a process of biological adaptation when exposed to environmental factors such as hypoxia,cold and heat for prolonged periods of time,where non-genetical variations play a role in allowing subjects t...Acclimatization is a process of biological adaptation when exposed to environmental factors such as hypoxia,cold and heat for prolonged periods of time,where non-genetical variations play a role in allowing subjects to tolerate hypoxic,cold or hot environments.This review focuses on the characteristics and mechanisms of acclimatization found through major research advances by our institute.First,the mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to extreme environments are complex.In our investigations,the physiological changes of multiple systems including the nervous,circulatory,respiratory,and hemopoietic system were demonstrated when the acclimatization to hypoxia was developed,and the underlying significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) was investigated.Second,it is suggested that the development of acclimatization to extreme environments is complicated.Hypoxia and cold coexist at high altitude.Our investigations revealed the characteristics of negative cross-relationship in the acclimatization to hypoxia and cold.And third,it is interesting for us to understand that acclimatization to extreme environments is transferable among individuals,and the characteristics of heat acclimatizationinducing factor(HAIF) were presented.The above findings will provide a theoretical guidance for protective operations and help to establish a solid foundation for future research related to acclimatization.展开更多
为深入认识冷涡影响下不同类型强对流天气发生条件的差异,利用高空、地面气象观测资料,多普勒天气雷达和风廓线雷达资料,以及欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料ERA5...为深入认识冷涡影响下不同类型强对流天气发生条件的差异,利用高空、地面气象观测资料,多普勒天气雷达和风廓线雷达资料,以及欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料ERA5,对2016年6月13日和2018年6月13日山东两次同受冷涡影响但分别以短时强降水为主和风雹天气为主的不同类型强对流天气过程(分别简称“过程I”、“过程II”)进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)以短时强降水为主的过程I,降水效率高,在其发展阶段回波质心高度低,成熟阶段形成强降水超级单体,最强降水出现在中气旋附近;以风雹天气为主的过程II,雷暴大风强度具有极端性,对流风暴发展深厚,60 dBZ以上强回波发展至-20℃层高度之上并持续,是产生大冰雹的重要原因。两次过程的强风均出现在弓形回波反射率因子核心前部和超级单体后侧下沉气流区。(2)过程I不稳定条件中等,西南气流配合湿区使低层增湿,950~850 hPa形成近饱和层并增厚,干层位于500 hPa以上,构成上干下湿层结,对流在地面辐合线和地面湿舌顶端叠加处触发;过程II热力和动力不稳定强,中空急流与800~600 hPa的显著干层为雷暴大风和冰雹的形成提供了有利条件,触发抬升系统是暖锋,比过程I更深厚。环境条件的差异决定了两次过程天气类型的差异。展开更多
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40910304019,40625004, 40821001,40801024)Important Orientation Project of CAS (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q03-04)
文摘The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land uses.The papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and environment.Here we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes.During the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.
文摘Affiliation unit: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cold Regions Environment, CAS Brief history: The Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment (LICCRE) was formally approved to open domestically and internationally by Chinese Academy of Sciences in April 1997. It is attached to the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, CAS.
文摘The room temperature tensile properties of cold rolled and annealed Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy are similar to those of warm rolled Fe 3Al alloys. The cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy is also susceptible to test environments. It has been shown that the ductility in various environments decreases in sequence of oxygen—oil—air—distilled water. The results of X ray diffraction analysis show that (211) preferred orientation of B 2 phase appears in cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy after recrystallization annealing.
文摘The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental andEngineering Research Institute(CAREERI) wascreated in June 1999 as a result of the current PilotRroject of the Knowledge Innovation Program of theChinse Academy of Sciences (CAS). Formed onthe basis of three former CAS institutes,namely, theLanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,the Lanzhou Institute of Desert Studies, and
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have been the top-ranked cause of human death in the world for years,according to the World Health Organization.Accumulating evidence from epidemiological data supports the view that the risk of CVDs is higher in northern China than in southern area.There is no doubt that living environment has become a crucial factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of CVDs in northern region.However,there have not been any clinical guidelines for the prevention strategy of environment-related CVDs,especially for cold exposure.Thus,there is an urgent need for better understanding of the clinical characteristics and underlying mechanisms of cold-induced CVDs in order to formulate and implement proper and effective measures for minimizing the risk of CVDs for people residing in low-temperature area.Cold exposure,air pollution,lack of sunlight and irrational diet are believed to be crucial factors responsible for environment-related CVDs,and preventive measures might be carried out accordingly to decrease the high risk of CVDs in northern China.
文摘Acclimatization is a process of biological adaptation when exposed to environmental factors such as hypoxia,cold and heat for prolonged periods of time,where non-genetical variations play a role in allowing subjects to tolerate hypoxic,cold or hot environments.This review focuses on the characteristics and mechanisms of acclimatization found through major research advances by our institute.First,the mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to extreme environments are complex.In our investigations,the physiological changes of multiple systems including the nervous,circulatory,respiratory,and hemopoietic system were demonstrated when the acclimatization to hypoxia was developed,and the underlying significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) was investigated.Second,it is suggested that the development of acclimatization to extreme environments is complicated.Hypoxia and cold coexist at high altitude.Our investigations revealed the characteristics of negative cross-relationship in the acclimatization to hypoxia and cold.And third,it is interesting for us to understand that acclimatization to extreme environments is transferable among individuals,and the characteristics of heat acclimatizationinducing factor(HAIF) were presented.The above findings will provide a theoretical guidance for protective operations and help to establish a solid foundation for future research related to acclimatization.
文摘为深入认识冷涡影响下不同类型强对流天气发生条件的差异,利用高空、地面气象观测资料,多普勒天气雷达和风廓线雷达资料,以及欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料ERA5,对2016年6月13日和2018年6月13日山东两次同受冷涡影响但分别以短时强降水为主和风雹天气为主的不同类型强对流天气过程(分别简称“过程I”、“过程II”)进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)以短时强降水为主的过程I,降水效率高,在其发展阶段回波质心高度低,成熟阶段形成强降水超级单体,最强降水出现在中气旋附近;以风雹天气为主的过程II,雷暴大风强度具有极端性,对流风暴发展深厚,60 dBZ以上强回波发展至-20℃层高度之上并持续,是产生大冰雹的重要原因。两次过程的强风均出现在弓形回波反射率因子核心前部和超级单体后侧下沉气流区。(2)过程I不稳定条件中等,西南气流配合湿区使低层增湿,950~850 hPa形成近饱和层并增厚,干层位于500 hPa以上,构成上干下湿层结,对流在地面辐合线和地面湿舌顶端叠加处触发;过程II热力和动力不稳定强,中空急流与800~600 hPa的显著干层为雷暴大风和冰雹的形成提供了有利条件,触发抬升系统是暖锋,比过程I更深厚。环境条件的差异决定了两次过程天气类型的差异。
