Cold environments and human metabolism: A traditional chinese medicine perspective

The concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)emphasizes the intrinsic connection between human beings and nature,positing that the human body undergoes distinct physiological changes in response to various natural environments.Cold,as a primary external factor in cold areas,necessitates the body's autonomous adaptation to uphold optimal living conditions.The repercussions of cold on the body are both far-reaching and profound,with metabolic equilibrium adjustments playing a pivotal role.This article,rooted in the TCM principle of Yin-Yang balance,delves into the metabolic intricacies and adaptive responses to the human body in cold environments.The effects manifest in heat-producing tissues,systemic substance consumption,the blood substance concentrations,liver function,and metabolic rhythms.The article subsequently presents TCM recommendations for maintaining health in cold climates.It concludes by advocating the exploration of metabolic homeostasis changes as a key avenue for investigating the metabolic traits s of populations in cold regions.We posit that such insights will enhance comprehension of the metabolic shifts in cold region populations and advance the evolution of regional medicine.

Bioremediation of Oil Spills in Cold Environments: A Review

Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue environmental damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and environmental limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the environmental limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.

Current developments of research on permafrost engineering and cold region environment:a report of the 8^(th) International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering

The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land uses.The papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and environment.Here we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes.During the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.

THE LABORATORY OF ICE CORE AND COLD REGIONS ENVIRONMENT

Affiliation unit: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cold Regions Environment, CAS Brief history: The Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment (LICCRE) was formally approved to open domestically and internationally by Chinese Academy of Sciences in April 1997. It is attached to the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, CAS.

Environmental Embrittlement and Preferred Orientation of Cold-Rolled and Annealed Fe_3 (Al,Cr,Zr) Alloy at Ambient Temperature

The room temperature tensile properties of cold rolled and annealed Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy are similar to those of warm rolled Fe 3Al alloys. The cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy is also susceptible to test environments. It has been shown that the ductility in various environments decreases in sequence of oxygen—oil—air—distilled water. The results of X ray diffraction analysis show that (211) preferred orientation of B 2 phase appears in cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy after recrystallization annealing.

COLD AND ARID REGIONS ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE

The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental andEngineering Research Institute(CAREERI) wascreated in June 1999 as a result of the current PilotRroject of the Knowledge Innovation Program of theChinse Academy of Sciences (CAS). Formed onthe basis of three former CAS institutes,namely, theLanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,the Lanzhou Institute of Desert Studies, and

Pathogenesis and preventive measures of environment-related cardiovascular disease in northern China

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have been the top-ranked cause of human death in the world for years,according to the World Health Organization.Accumulating evidence from epidemiological data supports the view that the risk of CVDs is higher in northern China than in southern area.There is no doubt that living environment has become a crucial factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of CVDs in northern region.However,there have not been any clinical guidelines for the prevention strategy of environment-related CVDs,especially for cold exposure.Thus,there is an urgent need for better understanding of the clinical characteristics and underlying mechanisms of cold-induced CVDs in order to formulate and implement proper and effective measures for minimizing the risk of CVDs for people residing in low-temperature area.Cold exposure,air pollution,lack of sunlight and irrational diet are believed to be crucial factors responsible for environment-related CVDs,and preventive measures might be carried out accordingly to decrease the high risk of CVDs in northern China.

The acclimatization to extreme environments and its physiological mechanisms

Acclimatization is a process of biological adaptation when exposed to environmental factors such as hypoxia,cold and heat for prolonged periods of time,where non-genetical variations play a role in allowing subjects to tolerate hypoxic,cold or hot environments.This review focuses on the characteristics and mechanisms of acclimatization found through major research advances by our institute.First,the mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to extreme environments are complex.In our investigations,the physiological changes of multiple systems including the nervous,circulatory,respiratory,and hemopoietic system were demonstrated when the acclimatization to hypoxia was developed,and the underlying significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) was investigated.Second,it is suggested that the development of acclimatization to extreme environments is complicated.Hypoxia and cold coexist at high altitude.Our investigations revealed the characteristics of negative cross-relationship in the acclimatization to hypoxia and cold.And third,it is interesting for us to understand that acclimatization to extreme environments is transferable among individuals,and the characteristics of heat acclimatizationinducing factor(HAIF) were presented.The above findings will provide a theoretical guidance for protective operations and help to establish a solid foundation for future research related to acclimatization.

湖北冷季高架雷暴天气分类及环境参数特征分析

利用常规观测资料、加密地面自动站、闪电定位仪和ERA5再分析资料,将2011—2020年湖北冷季91次高架雷暴事件,按照形成机制分为雷雨型、强对流型和雷打雪型3类,并细致归纳了3类事件的时空分布特征、大气环流背景及关键环境参数等特征。(1)湖北冷季高架雷暴雷雨型最多,强对流型次之,雷打雪型最少。3类型存在明显的时空分布差异,雷雨型主要发生在秋末冬初(11月)和冬末初春(1—2月),强对流型及雷打雪型常出现在早春2月,3月基本以强对流型为主。(2)低槽冷锋、850 hPa切变线及低空西南急流是冷季高架雷暴发生的有利环流背景,近地面为稳定的冷气团控制,逆温明显,西南低空急流沿着锋面逆温层以上的850 hPa附近触发抬升,水汽、上升运动及不稳定层结均出现在850 hPa以上。雷雨型和雷打雪型距离冷锋超过100 km以上,强对流型不足100 km。(3)850 hPa是风场转换的重要层次。强对流型850 hPa露点温度(T_(d850))、K指数、850 hPa与500 hPa温差(ΔT_(85))、850 hPa假相当位温(θ_(se850))、西南急流厚度和强度(I700)、切变线强度(S_(850))最大,中低层(850~700 hPa)垂直风切变(SL78)最小;雷打雪型对水汽和不稳定能量的要求最低,SL78最大。

寒地滨水公园环境要素对体力活动的影响机理研究--以沈阳市奥林匹克生态公园为例

城市滨水公园是承载市民体力活动的核心场所,也是促进公共健康的重要媒介。寒地城市气候条件造就了独特的地域滨水环境特征,使环境要素对体力活动的影响呈现一定分异性,因此在寒地城市视域下系统审视与研判滨水公园环境要素对体力活动的影响具有深刻意义。文章以沈阳市奥林匹克生态公园为例,围绕面域与线域两类空间单元展开探索;建立由空间联系、场地空间、环境质量、基础设施四个方面构成的环境要素体系;结合体力活动与环境要素测度数据,解析环境要素与体力活动密度的关联关系,解析夏、冬两季面域单元与线域单元环境要素对体力活动密度的影响程度及影响差异,并尝试性提出各类环境要素的底线取值标准和适宜取值标准,以期为滨水公园健康效益促升、人居环境品质改善提供有力支持与有效建议。

一次冷涡背景下次天气尺度系统对强对流环境场的影响

在同一东北冷涡背景下,2016年6月12—13日山西境内连续2 d出现强对流天气,12日为分散性对流而13日为大范围强对流。基于多源资料通过对比探讨次天气尺度系统及其演变对风暴环境进而对风暴结构的影响,得出以下结论:(1)两日风暴强度和风暴结构差异显著。6月12日对流孤立分散且回波强度小于55 dBZ,而13日准线性风暴发展成尺度较大的弓形回波引发大范围强对流天气,回波强度达60 dBZ。(2)此次过程的关键影响系统为冷涡背景下的次天气尺度低涡。12日次天气尺度低压扰动开始出现,距离远而未影响山西;13日低压扰动东移发展为次天气尺度切断低涡,低涡相关的地面冷锋及850 hPa切变线触发山西上游对流。(3)12日低层水汽含量低,0~3 km垂直风切变弱,13日低涡前偏南水汽输送使低层显著增湿,叠加中层干冷空气形成不稳定层结,受低涡影响0~3 km风垂直切变增强至5.0×10-3s-1,冷锋触发的对流风暴在上述环境下强烈发展并产生阵风锋,阵风锋组织风暴形成飑线,冷池与0~3 km风切变相互作用使飑线维持。(4)13日有利于飑线发展的环境要素与东北冷涡西侧的次天气尺度切断低涡系统密切相关,次天气尺度低涡是飑线形成发展的关键系统。

提高岗位胜任力的寒区医学课程内容体系及教学效果研究

目的评价寒区医学任职培训新课程内容体系的科学适用性及教学效果。方法构建寒区医学课程内容新体系,以某军医大学2021-11/2022-12月举办的3期任职培训班学员为教学对象,发放问卷83份,统计分析学员对课程内容体系和授课质量的评价,及其掌握知识的程度。结果约80%的学员评价已构建的课程内容体系科学适用。培训后学员对4个课程内容模块知识及技能的掌握程度均得到显著提高(P均<0.001)。培训后,84.34%(70/83)的学员对基础理论的掌握程度达60%以上,73.49%(61/83)的学员对冷损伤防治理论及技能掌握程度达60%以上,分别有61.45%(55/83)、81.93%(68/83)的学员对寒区卫生学理论及技能和寒区勤务学理论及技能掌握程度达60%以上。74.70%(62/83)的学员评价整体授课质量为“很好”。结论以基础理论-冷损伤防治-卫生防护-寒区勤务为内容体系的寒区医学新课程教学可提高寒区部队军医的相关知识,从而提高其岗位胜任力。

高寒高海拔区大型光伏电站场地冻融侵蚀强度分区评价

当前大型光伏电场逐步向高寒高海拔地区发展,为准确评价高寒高海拔区的冻融侵蚀灾害对大型光伏电站安全运营的影响,依托高寒高海拔区某大型光伏电站工程,通过选取合适的环境因子开展研究区冻融侵蚀强度的初步计算,并耦合人类工程量化指标提出具有针对性与合理性的光伏场地冻融侵蚀强度评价模型,探讨了多环境因子和人类工程条件下的冻融侵蚀强度与其空间分布。结果表明,该光伏场址冻融侵蚀状况总体上属于中度侵蚀,其冻融侵蚀强度分布具有一定的集中性与空间分异性,且其空间分布格局主要受地形、气候和植被因素影响。同时,光伏电站的建设对场地冻融侵蚀强度具有一定的削弱作用,研究成果可为类似大型工程的冻融侵蚀评价提供参考和借鉴。

寒冷地区过渡季教室环境质量对学习效率的影响研究

为探究寒冷地区过渡季教室环境质量影响学生学习效率的主次因素,将人体主观感受与认知能力测试相结合,在西安市某高校模拟教室环境中,设计了温度、CO_(2)浓度、O_(2)浓度的三因素、三水平正交实验,研究了受试者在不同工况下对环境的主观评价、人体生理参数及学习效率的变化。结果表明,影响学生主观评价、生理反应、学习效率的3个因素主次顺序为:温度、CO_(2)浓度、O_(2)浓度。采用极差分析法从9种工况中得到了最佳实验工况S_(4)(温度为23℃,CO_(2)体积分数为600×10^(-6),O_(2)质量分数为24%),并通过层次分析模型验证了其准确性。

组合式起动辅助措施对车辆高原高寒起动性能的影响

目的 提高车辆在高原高寒环境下的起动性能。方法 通过仿真方法研究高原高寒极端环境下组合式起动辅助措施对柴油机冷起动性能的影响,基于高原高寒环境模拟起动试验系统针对某测试车辆开展的高原高寒起动试验,验证组合式起动辅助措施对车辆高原高寒起动性能的改善效果。结果 对比分析了海拔5 500m、–35℃条件下某型柴油机加装4种不同构型的组合式冷起动辅助措施的起动过程,经过仿真和试验验证,在海拔5 500 m、–35℃条件下,采用进气预热器、燃油加热器、大容量低温蓄电池并联以及进气加氧装置的组合式冷起动辅助系统能够成功起动车辆。结论 进气中增加适量的氧气能够显著提升高原高寒起动过程中各循环的燃烧效率,增加着火循环数,同时提高各循环的做功能力。采用预热(进气和冷却液)、转速提升和进气加氧的组合措施能够显著改善高原高寒极端环境条件下车辆的起动性能。

山地环境下的冷链物流园设计实践——以光泽生态食品冷链物流园项目为例

当冷链物流园选址于山地环境时,其规模化生产的特性与山地有限、零散的可建设用地之间形成了矛盾。本文通过深入分析冷链物流的生产运营特性、场地地貌环境特征,以环境适应性的角度出发,应用相应设计策略调和各要素矛盾,将其转化为协调共生的良好适应关系。相关设计策略包含集约化占地、功能与环境的适应、室外场地处理、冷库节能、山体风貌保护等,在保障使用功能的同时与环境相适应,并减少对山地风貌、水文条件的影响。为今后同类型建筑在山地环境下的设计实践开拓了思路,并提供案例参考。

冷链即食食品生产加工环境中李斯特氏菌属检测方法的建立与应用

目的建立可用于冷链即食食品生产加工环境中李斯特氏菌属的分离与检测方法,对生产企业的环境进行监控。方法本研究结合美国食品药品监督管理局-细菌学分析手册(Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual,FDA-BAM)单增李斯特氏菌检测方法,通过制备冻干定量菌球模拟增菌实验,对增菌液中萘啶酮酸和吖啶黄素的添加时间、头孢曲松钠的添加浓度进行研究,确定最佳增菌方式和头孢曲松钠浓度,并将其应用到实际冷链即食食品生产企业环境中李斯特菌属的分离检测中。结果3种李斯特氏菌属和背景菌的冻干菌球的浓度分别为120 CFU/球和1100 CFU/球。通过模拟增菌实验,延后4 h使用添加剂,可使李斯特氏菌属及单增李斯特氏菌的检出率均提高10%,在此基础上头孢曲松钠添加量在6~8μg/mL时,李斯特氏菌属及单增李斯特氏菌的检出率均为100%。结论该方法可提高李斯特氏菌属的检出率。为冷链即食食品生产企业的环境监控提供了技术保障。

东北冷涡背景下三类区域性强对流天气过程时空分布和环境特征对比分析

东北冷涡是造成中国暖季强对流的重要天气尺度系统之一。为对比东北冷涡与不同类型强对流过程的时空关系及其环境特征差异,基于欧洲中期天气预报中心第5代大气再分析数据和中国国家气象信息中心提供的逐时大风、降水观测资料,筛选了2017—2021年4—9月东北冷涡背景下9例雷暴大风型、9例强降水型以及8例混合型强对流天气过程,通过动态合成开展了分析研究。结果表明:(1)三类强天气过程相对于冷涡的时空分布差异明显:雷暴大风型过程,超过70%的雷暴大风出现在冷涡中心的西南部或南部;而混合型过程,超过70%的大风出现在冷涡中心的东南部或南部;混合型和强降水型过程中,短时强降水均主要出现在冷涡中心南部或东南部,但后者发生在冷涡东南部的比例更高;雷暴大风型和强降水型过程主要出现在东北冷涡的发展和成熟阶段,而混合型过程主要发生在东北冷涡的成熟阶段。(2)三类强天气过程的环流形势和环境条件差异显著。雷暴大风型过程多出现在5—6月,一般对应的东北冷涡更深厚,等温线更密集,大气环境偏干,存在气温垂直递减率大和强风垂直切变条件,雷暴大风多发生在冷涡南侧的锋区附近,对流层中、高层受干冷空气控制,叠加在低层比较浅薄的暖湿空气之上有利于大气层结条件不稳定的增强,降水粒子蒸发降温形成的下沉气流和地面冷池,叠加锋区辐合更有利于形成区域性地面强风;而强降水型过程多集中在7—8月,对应的东北冷涡强度较弱,等温线较稀疏,强降水一般出现在锋前靠近暖区一侧的强层结不稳定区域内,对应水汽充沛、整层暖湿的环境条件,中低层温差较小,风垂直切变较弱。混合型过程对应的月份和冷涡强度与强降水型过程更接近,水汽、高低层温差以及风垂直切变等环境条件介于上述两类过程之间,但下沉对流有效位能在三类过程中表现为最大。总体来看,相较于中国中、低海拔地区雷暴大风和短时强降水的环境特征而言,东北冷涡背景下的强天气过程对应更强的深层风垂直切变,具有更强的天气尺度动力强迫。

基于体质健康促进的我国寒地中小学校活动空间设计研究

校园作为儿童的主要活动场所,对儿童健康发展起重要作用,尤其在寒地城市,特殊的气候条件对儿童的身心健康有独特影响。该文分析总结了我国寒地城市儿童的健康状况和中小学校园活动空间的现存问题,从物理环境健康、生理需求和心理感受健康方面,提出关于空间和功能提升的设计策略,以期达成激发学生冬季户外活动欲望、提高寒地城市义务教育阶段儿童的健康水平、改善中小学校园的运动环境品质的设计目标,从而促进儿童体质健康,降低安全风险。

数据中心高效空调系统关键节能技术及能效分析

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