Decomposition of gaseous CF_2CIBr by cold plasma method

The paper presented the results regarding the decomposition of gaseous CF_2ClB_r by cold plasma method.After two minutes discharge,the maximum decomposition rate of 2660 Pa CF_2ClB_r pure and 2660 Pa CF_2ClBr plus 7980 Pa O_2 reached 60% and 80%,respectively.The pa- per also studied the cold plasma gas phase chemistry reaction mechanism of CF_2ClBr at low pres- sure,and the pressure effects of CF_2ClBr and added gas(He,N_2,O_2 and dry air)on the CF_2ClBr decomposition respectively by cold plasma method.These studies will be helpful to application of cold plasma method in the treatment of hazardous gaseous wastes.

Rolling Force and Rolling Moment in Spline Cold Rolling Using Slip-line Field Method

Rolling force and rolling moment are prime process parameter of external spline cold rolling. However, the precise theoretical formulae of rolling force and rolling moment are still very fewer, and the determination of them depends on experience. In the present study, the mathematical models of rolling force and rolling moment are established based on stress field theory of slip-line. And the isotropic hardening is used to improve the yield criterion. Based on MATLAB program language environment, calculation program is developed according to mathematical models established. The rolling force and rolling moment could be predicted quickly via the calculation program, and then the reliability of the models is validated by FEM. Within the range of module of spline m=0.5-1.5 mm, pressure angle of reference circle α=30.0°-45.0°, and number of spline teeth Z=19-54, the rolling force and rolling moment in rolling process （finishing rolling is excluded） are researched by means of virtualizing orthogonal experiment design. The results of the present study indicate that： the influences of module and number of spline teeth on the maximum rolling force and rolling moment in the process are remarkable; in the case of pressure angle of reference circle is little, module of spline is great, and number of spline teeth is little, the peak value of rolling force in rolling process may appear in the midst of the process; the peak value of rolling moment in rolling process appears in the midst of the process, and then oscillator weaken to a stable value. The results of the present study may provide guidelines for the determination of power of the motor and the design of hydraulic system of special machine, and provide basis for the farther researches on the precise forming process of external spline cold rolling.

Application and Prospect of Cold Hoop Confining Method in Psoriasis from Dermatopathology in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

In the pathological changes of psoriasis vulgaris,excessive proliferation of keratinocytes,proliferation of microvessels,infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells,and great shortening of epidermal replacement time,are the manifestations of Qi and Yin depletion,and they all correspond with pathological changes of nutrient Qi and blood deficiency caused by excessive loss.The treatment of psoriasis should focus on cold straight fire,convergence and fixation.Therefore,it is feasible to treat psoriasis with hoop in theory,and it is found that"cold hoop confining medicine"may be more suitable for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in the gradual progress of the experiment.The research could provide theoretical basis for the application of cold hoop confining medicine represented by brusatol in psoriasis vulgaris and related diseases.

A Slip-Line Method for Calculating Extrusion Force of Steel Helmet with Cold Extrusion Moulding

This paper presents the elastic and plastic deformation of the steel helmet with coldextrusion moulding. The plastic streamline of the plastic mould-making process for ellipse thinplate is described. The distribution of slip-line is established based on the plastic streamline. Theextrusion force of plastic moulding of the steel helmet is calculated by using of slip-line method.Furthermore, an applied example is given.

Strontium ferrite powders prepared from oily cold rolling mill sludge by solid-state reaction method

Oily cold rolling mill （CRM） sludge is one of the pollutants emitted by iron and steel plants. Recycling oily CRM sludge can not only reduce pollution but also bring social and environmental benefits. In this study, using oily CRM sludge as sources of iron oxide, the strontium ferrite powders were synthesized in multiple steps including vacuum distillation, magnetic separation, oxidizing roasting, and solidstate reaction. The optimal technological conditions of vacuum distillation and oxidizing roasting were studied carefully. To consider the effects of Fe203/ SrCO3 tool ratio, calcination temperature, milling time and calcination time on magnetic properties of prepared strontium ferrite powders, the orthogonal experimental method was adopted. The maximum saturation magneti- zation （62.6 mA-m2.g-1） of the synthesized strontium ferrite powders was achieved at the Fe203/SrCO3 mol ratio of 6, 5 h milling time, 1250 ~C calcination temperature, and 1 h calcination time. Strontium ferrite powders syn- thesis method not only provides a cheap, high quality raw material for the production of strontium ferrite powders, but also effectively prevents the environmental pollution.

A Review of the Methods of Identifying and Testing Plant Cold Resistance

Low-tempemture stress is a major abiotic stress influencing plant growth, economic yield and quality worldwide. Precise and reliable identification and test of plant cold resistance is a foundation for exploring low-temperature damages, cold resistance mechanism of plants, cultivating and innovating quality cold-re- sistant germplasm resources, which is rather important for woody plants because their perennial and large-sized characteristics. Generally, most researches on plant cold-resistant physiology focused on identification and utilization of cold resistance worldwide, and a few on test methods of cold resistance, but cold resistance mechanism has been less reported. Therefore, researches on methods of identifying and testing plant resistance have achieved considerable progress, accumulated much experience and formed characteristics gradually in terms of methodology. Current methods of identifying plant cold resistance include open field/outdoor culti- vation evaluation, cold and frost damage investigation, simulated cold weather, and mathematical model forecast. And the methods of testing plant cold resistance include growth condition test, frozen index investigation, electrolyte leakage, bioelectrical impedance mapping and so on. Synthesizing the methods of identifying and testing plant cold resistance should be a key matter in the present and future researches and application of plant cold resistance physiology, improvement and in- novation of the identification and test will be an important direction of the future researches. Identification and test of plant cold resistance based on genomies, meta- bonomics and proteomics should be the new trend of the researches on physiology and ecology of plant cold resistance.

A MIXED METHOD OF DETERMINING THETHERMAL STRESS FOR COLD ROLLER

A mixed method which combines the recent developed finite analytical method and the boundary fitting coordinate transformation method was used first to calculate the temperature field and thermal stress field of the cold roller in this paper. The following results are obtained by the calculation: thermal stresses σr=0, σθ=σz are maximum tension stress on the inner surface of the cold roller and σr=0, |σθ|=|σz| are maximum compression stress on the outer surface of the cold roller in the steady and unsteady case. Effectiveness and validity of the mixed method are checked with steady coil roller problems having theoretical solutions. The results show that good agreement is achived between the calculated value and theoretical solution,and the mixed method used in the paper is very workable. The mixed method is also useful in solving the steady and unsteady thermal stress field proplems of the hot -rolled for the reversing rolling mill and the continous rolling mill.

Comparison of methods for identification of cold tolerance of rice

Under low temperature stress,theplasmamembrane and chloroplast of plant cellsare impaired,resulting in electrolyte leakage and al-teration of chlorophyll fluorescence which can bemeasured with conductometer and fluoremeter.The cold tolerance of excised leaves of several ricevarieties were determined with these two instru-ments at seedling and heading stages to compare

Modeling OH transport phenomena in cold plasma discharges using the level set method

Cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)have attracted considerable interest in the field of plasma medicine.Generated reactive species such as hydroxyl(OH)species play an important role in applications of CAPs.Transportation of OH species towards the target and distribution of these OH species in the plasma plume play an important role in the applications of plasma medicine.In the present work,a computational model was built to simulate the transportation and distribution of OH species in CAP discharges,which was based on the level set method to dynamically track the propagation of plasma carrier gas in air.A reaction term was incorporated for the OH species.The OH species tended to diffuse around the main stream of the carrier gas,and thus covered larger radial and axial distances.A CAP discharge onto a skin layer led to the largest accumulation of OH species at the central part of the exposed area.The distribution of OH species on the skin was asymmetric,which agreed with experiments.The computational model itself and the obtained results would be useful for future development of plasma medicine.

Aerodynamics of indirect thrust measurement by the impulse method

The aerodynamic aspects of indirect thrust measurement by the impulse method have been studied both experimentally and numerically. The underlying basic aerodynamic principle is outlined, the phenomena in subsonic, supersonic and arc-heated jets are explored, and factors affecting the accuracy of the method are studied and discussed. Results show that the impulse method is reliable for indirect thrust measurement if certain basic requirements are met, and a simple guideline for its proper application is given.

Ventilated Double Skin Facades in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zones in China

Double-skin facades(DSF)are a technique developed for colder climates,so few people think about whether or not it can also be used for hot-summer and cold-winter zones in China.After analyzing the problems of using DSF for hot-summer zones,this paper explored on the possibility of applying DSF in hot-summer and cold-winter zones in China.The main existing research methods for DSF were also collected and commented.If properly managed,the ventilated DSF with controlled shading devices can be used even in hot summer in China.

VISUAL SIMULATION OF COLD ROLL-FORMING BASED ON OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

To simulate the process of cold roll-forming process, a new method isadopted. The theoretical foundation of this method is an elastic-plastic large deformation splinefinite strip method based on object-oriented programming. Combined with the computer graphicstechnology, the visual simulation of cold roll-forming is completed and the system is established.By analyzing common channel steel, the process is shown and explained including theory method, modeland result display. So the simulation system is already a kind of mature and effective tool toanalyze the process of cold roll forming.

张仲景宗和法治疗胸痹刍议

和法古往今来都备受争议,张仲景运用和法治疗胸痹更具有典型特色。本文简要分析了和法之和解、和中、调和的内涵和《伤寒论》中张仲景对和法的诠释与应用。旨在总结归纳张仲景于《伤寒论》中运用和法,抓住胸痹主要病机,从营卫、气血、阴阳三方面辨证治疗胸痹的遣方用药。

黄连-花椒提取液对高脂血症小鼠的作用和机制研究

目的基于寒热并用法研究黄连-花椒提取液对高脂血症的作用与可能的机制。方法采用高脂喂养ApoE-/-小鼠建立高脂血症模型,给予黄连-花椒提取液进行干预。全自动生化仪检测各组小鼠血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α、白介素(interleukin,IL)-1β和IL-6水平;HE染色和油红O染色观察肝组织病理变化;ELISA、RT-qPCR法检测肝脏3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase,HMG-CoA)还原酶水平和mRNA表达;Western blot检测细胞外信号调节激酶/p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase/p38 mitogen activated protein kinase,ERK/p38 MAPK)信号通路相关蛋白含量。结果黄连-花椒干预后,小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平均显著降低(P<0.05);肝细胞脂肪空泡和脂质沉积减少,肝脂肪病变减轻;肝脏HMG-CoA还原酶水平和mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.01),p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2和p-p38/p38均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论黄连-花椒提取液可降低高脂血症小鼠血脂水平,减轻肝脂肪病变,通过抑制肝脏HMG-CoA还原酶减少胆固醇合成,降低炎症因子水平,其机制可能与调控ERK/p38 MAPK信号通路有关。

Analysis of Cold Air and Precipitation in Central and Eastern China, 2-5 October, 2022

This paper used potential height field data published by the China National Climate Center and the US NCEP reanalysis data. A study was conducted on a strong cold wave weather process in central and eastern China from October 2 to 5, 2022. The results show that this weather process is a cold air weather process of “horizontal trough to vertical” type from the east of Novaya Zemlya Island. Cold air passes through Russia and Mongolia south, controlling northern China. The precipitation process is caused by the combination of high-altitude trough, ground front, warm and humid air flow, and precipitation weather formed by the influence of warm and humid air due to the 700 hPa shear line. The northern Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China can precipitate almost 50 mm. Water vapor is transported from the South China Sea to central and eastern China by the southwest warm and humid air flow along the west side of the West Pacific Subtropical High. Water vapor is concentrated over the precipitation area through horizontal convergence and is the most important source of water vapor causing precipitation.

高温养护及不同冷击方式下混凝土宏细观损伤规律研究

高地温引水隧洞通水后围岩温度场会产生急剧变化,会使混凝土衬砌结构遭受热—冷冲击作用而产生损伤。为揭示混凝土衬砌宏细观损伤规律,开展高温养护及不同冷击方式下混凝土的单轴压缩试验、核磁共振扫描试验(NMR)和SEM扫描试验,分析高温养护后不同冷击方式对混凝土抗压强度、孔结构及细观形貌特征的影响,探究不同冷击方式下高温混凝土宏细观损伤规律。结果表明,随着初始养护温度增加,混凝土的单轴抗压强度先增加后减小,60℃养护后混凝土宏观力学强度达到最大;随着初始养护温度增加,混凝土孔隙率不断增大。骤降冷击方式对混凝土孔隙率、大孔隙占比和小孔隙占比等孔隙结构特征具有明显影响;相对自然冷击,骤降冷击下混凝土水泥砂浆界面产生较为明显的温度裂缝,混凝土损伤更为显著。研究成果可为我国西部高地温环境下引水隧洞安全施工与运营提供参考。

2D DEM analyses for T-M coupling effects of extreme temperatures on surrounding rock-supporting system of a tunnel in cold region

Taking the Kunlunshan Tunnel on Qinghai Tibet Railway as an engineering background, the curved wall-inverted arch lining of the tunnel was simplified into the straight wall-umbrella arch one, and the fractured rock mass with developed joints was treated as a discrete medium in the calculation. Using the UDEC code, the numerical simulations for thermo-mechanical coupling processes in the surrounding rock mass-supporting system were carried out aiming at the conditions of mean temperature, extreme highest temperature and extreme lowest temperature in one year. The distributions and changes of stresses, displacements, plastic zones, temperatures in the rock mass of near field, as well as the loading states in the model-building concrete and bolting were investigated and compared for these three computation cases. The results show that compared with the case of mean temperature, the ranges, where the temperatures of surrounding rock mass change obviously, are 6.0 m and 6.5 m, respectively, for the cases of extreme highest temperature and extreme lowest temperature; the displacements of tunnel are raised by 3.2 9.3 and 5.7 12.7 times, and the thicknesses of plastic zones reach 1.5 2.5 m and 2.0 4.5 m for case 2 and 3, respectively; the extreme temperatures of air have strong effects on the stress, deformation and failure states of supporting structure of tunnel in cold region, and the influence degree of extreme lowest temperature is the highest.

Modeling of seasonal soil cold storage using natural cold energy

To reduce energy consumption on summer air conditioning,a novel seasonal soil cold storage mode using natural energy is presented and two-dimensional transient heat transfer model of U-tube is developed. The three processes of cold storage in winter,shut-down in transition season and cold extraction in summer are simulated by using sensitive heat capacity method with variable time step. The changing of U-tube outlet water temperature in different periods,daily cold storage and cold extraction are estimated. The temperature field of the U-tube and soil around the tube is investigated. Simulations show that seasonal soil cold storage using natural cold energy is feasible in the north to Changchun,which provides theoretical support for seasonal soil cold storage application.

施肥方式和减施氮肥对寒地水稻抗倒性的影响

为明确施肥方式和减施氮肥的主效及互作效应对寒地水稻产量及抗倒性的影响,以水稻‘垦粳8’为材料,比较不同施肥方式和减施氮肥对寒地水稻产量、株高、以及各节间长度、直径、鲜重、茎壁厚度及抗折力的影响差异。结果表明:侧深施肥产量、第三节间长度、重心高度分别显著或极显著高于全层施肥7.49%、7.02%、2.54%。侧深施肥第一节间直径、茎壁厚度、鲜重、抗折力分别显著或极显著低于全层施肥7.85%、14.18%、4.13%、2.03%;第二节间直径、茎壁厚度、抗折力分别显著或极显著低于全层施肥8.15%、9.18%、18.61%;第三节间茎壁厚度和抗折力分别极显著低于全层施肥16.00%、16.15%。侧深施肥的抗倒伏指数极显著低于全层施肥16.60%。减施氮肥条件下重心高度、各节间长度、茎壁厚度、节间鲜重及节间抗折力变化多利于提高水稻抗倒性,减氮15%和减氮30%处理的抗倒伏指数较常规施氮分别极显著提高6.19%和9.52%。全层施肥条件下抗倒伏指数随施氮量下降呈增加趋势,而侧深施肥的减氮施肥水平间差异不显著。

Determination of Optimal Work Roll Profile for Cold Strip Mill

The model of predicting distribution of strip thickness at the exit and tension stress is established by using weighted residual method and variational method with consideration of rolled metal lateral flow.A New method of calculating loaded roll gap in relation to target tension stress is proposed.The minimum square summation of loaded roll gap deviation is used as an objective function for the first time to optimize initial work roll profile.