Effect of cold-rolling on tensile strength of SiCw/Al composite

SiC_w/Al composite was fabricated through a squeeze cast route and coldrolled to about 30 percent, 50 percent and 70 percent reduction In thickness, respectively. Thelength of whiskers in the composite before and after rolling was examined using SEM. Some of therolled composites were recrystallization annealed to remove the work hardening of matrix alloy. Thetensile strength of the rolled and annealed SiC_w/Al composites was examined and then associatedwith the change of the whisker length and the work hardening of matrix alloy. It was found that thetensile strength is a function of the degree of cold rolling. For the cold rolled composites, withthe increase in the degree of cold rolling, the tensile strength increases at first, and decreaseswhen the degree of cold rolling exceeds 50 percent. For the annealed ones, however; the tensilestrength decreases monotonously with the increase in rolling degree. The different changes intensile strength between the rolled and annealed composites could be attributed to the result of thecompetition between the work hardening of matrix resulting from the cold rolling and the worksoftening arising from the change of whisker length.

Strain rate and cold rolling dependence of tensile strength and ductility in high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel

The tensile strength and ductility of a high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with solution and cold rolling treatment were investigated by performing tensile tests at different strain rates and at room temperature. The tensile tests demonstrated that this steel exhibits a significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the tensile strength and ductility.With the increase of the strain rate from 10^-4s^-1to 1 s^-1, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase and the uniform elongation and total elongation decrease. The analysis of the double logarithmic stress–strain curves showed that this steel exhibits a two-stage strain hardening behavior, which can be well examined and analyzed by using the Ludwigson equation. The strain hardening exponents at low and high strain regions（n2and n1） and the transition strain（εL） decrease with increasing strain rate and the increase of cold rolling RA. Based on the analysis results of the stress–strain curves, the transmission electron microscopy characterization of the microstructure and the scanning electron microscopy observation of the deformation surfaces, the significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the strength and ductility of this steel were discussed and connected with the variation in the work hardening and dislocation activity with strain rate and cold rolling.

Shaped Insulating Refractory Products——Determination of Cold Crushing Strength

1 Scope This standard specifies a method for determination of the cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refractory products.

Effect of cold working and sandblasting on the microhardness, tensile strength and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of cold working and sandblasting on the microhardness, tensile strength and corro-sion rate of AISI 316L stainless steel. The specimens were deformed from 17% to 47% and sandblasted for 20 min using SiC particles with a diameter of 500-700 μm and an air flow with 0.6-0.7 MPa pressure. The microhardness distribution and tensile test were conducted and a measurement on the corrosion current density was done to determine the corrosion rate of the specimens. The result shows that the cold working enhances the bulk microhardness, tensile and yield strength of the specimen by the degree of deformation applied in the treatment. The sandblasting treatment increases the microhardness only at the surface of the specimen without or with a low degree of deformation. In addition, the sandblasting enhances the surface roughness. The corrosion resistance is improved by cold working, especially for the highly deformed specimen. However the follow-up sandblasting treatment reduces the corrosion resistance. In conclusion, the cold working is prominent to be used for improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel. Meanwhile, the sandblasting subjected to the cold worked steel is only useful for surface texturing instead of improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Study on microstructure and properties of cold-rolled high strength steel for enameling

With its superior comprehensive properties, cold-rolled enameling steel is widely applied in many fields. However, its low yield stress greatly limits its application. This study aims to improve the yield stress of cold-rolled enameling steel under the premise of meeting formability and enameling properties by strengthening the ferrite matrix via solid strengthening of Mn. The grain size of ferrite before and after enameling,mechanical properties of annealed steel, and precipitation behavior of second-phase precipitates are obtained through studying the microstructure and properties of enameling steel at different stages. The microstructure of the steel investigated at room temperature is found to contain equiaxial ferrite and bunchy cementite particles;the ferrite grains have grown to some extent after enameling. The fine dispersed TiC particles and cementite particles contained in the annealed steel are the main factors improving the hydrogen storage capability. Finally, the result of a falling-ball impact test shows that the steel has achieved excellent adherence.

The study on interfacial bonding strength of Ag-Ni, Ag-Cu in cold pressure welding

The area of combination actually is a kind of interfacial phenomena that exist on the surface or thin film. The properties of interface have important effect on the whole welded joint, even decide directly the interfacial bonding strength. The bonding strength of metals in cold pressure welding such as Ag Ni (they are hardly mutual soluble) and Ag Cu(they are limited soluble) are discussed in this paper. The results of the tensile test suggest that two kinds of welded joints have enough strength to satisfy with the demand for being used. Moreover, thermodynamics, crystal logy, physics and metal electronic microscopic analysis etc are adopted to further calculate the bonding strength. The results of test and theoretical analyses prove that Ag Ni, Ag Cu, especially, for Ag Ni can form strong welded joint which is higher than that of the relative soft base metals in cold pressure welding.

The Effect of Cold Working on Creep Rupture Strength and Microstructure of Ni-23Cr-7W Alloy

In order to clarify the reason why the creep rupture time of pre-strained Ni-23Cr-7W Alloy (HR6W) is longer than that of the non-pre-strained HR6W, microstructures of HR6W after a series of creep tests were investigated. The creep tests were conducted at 750°C, 90 and 100 MPa. In the pre-strained samples, the grain boundary shielding ratio by precipitates was larger than that of the non-pre-strained sample. In addition, in the pre-strained samples the size of the M23C6 carbide in the grains was finer than in the non-pre-strained sample. The W content in the M23C6 carbide in the pre-strained samples tended to be larger than in the non-pre-strained sample. Therefore, the Ostwald ripening of the carbide was delayed and the size of M23C6 carbide was thought to be fine for a long time. These observations show that creep strength in the pre-strained samples is higher than that of the non-pre-strained sample because of both precipitation strengthening inside of the grains and grain boundaries.

Research on the design of cold rolled ultra high strength sheet steel

This study researches cold rolled ultra high strength martensitic steel processed by water quenching. It is found that both the quenching and overageing temperatures greatly influence the mechanical properties of martensitic steel. A tensile strength of 1500 MPa can be obtained from 0.2% C-1.8% Mn steel by soaking at 840℃,quenching at 700℃ and overageing at 200℃ for several minutes. The continuous cooling transformation （CCT） diagram reveals that full martensite can be obtained at a cooling rate of 100℃/s or higher; and at a cooling rate of 3 - 10℃/s,austenite barely decomposes at 700℃. For steel with 0.2% carbon and less manganese, austenite decomposition occurs before it is cooled to 700℃ at a cooling rate of 3 - 10℃/s, which leads to lower tensile strength. It is possible to reduce the manganese content of the 1500 MPa martensitic steel by increasing the quenching temperature. To increase the quenching temperature,the control of flatness during water quenching becomes a major concern.

Associations between Sensitivity to Cold, Menstruation-Related Symptoms and Handgrip Strength in Female University Students in Japan

Sensitivity to cold, which is a popular symptom in Japanese women, is associated with various symptoms such as shoulder stiffness and general fatigue. However, an association of sensitivity to cold with muscle strength has not been reported. The aim of the study was to clarify the associations of sensitivity to cold with handgrip strength and with menstruation-related symptoms in female university students in Japan. We recruited 278 female university students in Japan. Sensitivity to cold and menstruation-related symptoms including physical and psychological symptoms were assessed by using a self-administered questionnaire that we designed. Handgrip strength was measured by using a handgrip strength dynamometer. We received responses from 269 students. The prevalence rate of sensitivity to cold in the subjects was 54.3%. The students who had sensitivity to cold had a lower handgrip strength level (25.5 ± 3.8 kg) than did the students who did not have sensitivity to cold (26.7 ± 3.9 kg) (p = 0.017). Sensitivity to cold was associated with low body mass index. In addition, the students who had sensitivity to cold tended to have low back pain and constipation during menstruation. In conclusion, sensitivity to cold is an important symptom associated with muscle strength as well as menstruation-related symptoms for young women.

Corner strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room and elevated temperatures

In this study, the suitability of current design methods for the 0.2% proof yield strength of the corner regions for high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was investigated. The current standard predictions are generally accurate for outer corner specimen but conservative for inner corner specimen. Based on the experimental results, an analytical model to predict the corner strength of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was also proposed. The comparison indicated that the proposed model predicted well the corner strength of high strength cold-formed steel not only at normal room temperature but also at elevated temperatures. It is shown that the predictions obtained from the proposed model agree well with the test results. Generally the corner strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel decreases when the temperature increases.

嵌套加强的LQ550高强冷弯薄壁C型钢连续檩条受力性能研究

为提高LQ550级高强冷弯薄壁C型钢连续檩条的承载能力,采用在支座处嵌套的方法来加强连续檩条。对未加强和采用两种嵌套方式加强的檩条共7组试件进行三点受弯试验,得到了试件的承载性能和破坏形态,试验结果表明加强后的试件出现跨中局部屈曲和嵌套端部局部屈曲两种破坏形态。采用ABAQUS软件建立了非线性有限元模型对嵌套加强的檩条进行数值模拟,有限元分析得到的承载力和破坏形态与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的准确性。基于验证的有限元模型,分析了两种嵌套方式和不同嵌套长度对檩条承载力的提升,且表明嵌套檩条的长度宜取为连续檩条跨度的1/5~1/4。

磷矿粉球团冷固结成型试验及机械性能的影响因素

针对磷矿粉矿无法直接入炉冶炼黄磷的问题,本文采用磷矿粉冷固结成型方法来制备磷矿粉球团,研究黏结剂用量、水分添加量、成型压力和烧结温度对磷矿粉球团落下强度和抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明:球团的抗压强度和落下强度随黏结剂用量的增加而升高,随成型压力的增加呈现先升高后降低,随水分质量分数的增加呈现先升高后降低,抗压强度随着烧结温度的升高而升高;在黏结剂用量为0.4%、水分质量分数为8%、成型压力为11 MPa条件下制备的磷矿粉生球团的抗压强度可达148.46 N/P,落下强度达46次/(0.5 m);在1200℃下烧结2 h后,磷矿球团的抗压强度可达966 N/P,且经跌落破碎后无粉化现象。本文旨在弥补富磷矿块矿资源的不足,并为进一步促进磷矿粉矿在黄磷生产中的应用提供参考。

不同清洁方法对高透氧化锆粘接强度和表面润湿性的影响

目的:研究不同清洁方法对唾液污染的高透氧化锆与自粘接树脂水门汀间剪切粘接强度和表面润湿性的影响。方法:制备80个高透氧化锆试件,随机分为5组(n=16),即对照组(无污染处理)、75%乙醇组、喷砂组、清洁剂组和大气压冷等离子体处理组等。测量表面接触角,测试剪切粘接强度,观察断裂模式。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:大气压冷等离子体组的接触角最小(P<0.05);喷砂组、清洁剂组及大气压冷等离子体组的剪切粘接强度与对照组相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05),但均显著大于75%乙醇组(P<0.05);大气压冷等离子体组混合断裂模式增多。结论:喷砂、清洁剂及大气压冷等离子体清洁唾液污染的高透氧化锆,可获得与未被唾液污染前相当的粘接强度;大气压冷等离子体可显著提高高透氧化锆的表面润湿性。

冷弯圆钢管截面材料特性分布模型研究

对取自10种不同截面尺寸、不同直径、不同厚度的冷弯圆形钢管的120个试件进行了材料性能试验研究。结果表明:冷弯效应对材料的强度和延性影响较大;含焊缝圆弧部位的屈服强度和极限强度均比不含焊缝圆弧的部位有较大提高,而伸长率明显降低,含焊缝圆弧的断面收缩率也略有降低;不含焊缝部位和含焊缝处的强屈比也略有不同,分别为1.24和1.16。基于试验研究结果,提出了冷弯圆形钢管截面的屈服强度、极限强度、强屈比、伸长率和断面收缩率沿截面的分布模型。当相应冷弯圆钢管截面的梁、柱强度和稳定分析中需要考虑冷弯效应的影响时,可以用此分布模型进行分析。

冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层组织结构和力学性能研究

以Q235钢为基体制备高压冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层,研究了基体粗糙度对冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层组织结构、显微硬度和结合强度的影响。研究表明,冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层具有致密的组织结构,涂层孔隙率在0.5%以下,并且在喷涂过程中没有产生粉末相变和氧化,随着基体粗糙度增加,涂层-基体界面的机械咬合得到明显改善。基体粗糙度对涂层显微硬度的影响主要集中在涂层-基体界面附近,随着基体粗糙度增加,该界面附近涂层的显微硬度随之增加,而远离该界面的涂层显微硬度受基体粗糙度的影响不大。基体粗糙度对涂层结合强度有显著影响,当基体粗糙度由1.6增加到10.2μm时,涂层结合强度由7.5增加到46.4 MPa,拉伸断裂失效模式由粘着断裂转变为粘着断裂、粘聚断裂的复合失效模式。

硬质相类型对冷喷涂铝基涂层组织与耐磨性的影响

冷喷涂低温固态的材料沉积特性使该方法在热敏感材料高强铝合金的再制造修复方面具有天然优势,然而冷喷涂7系高强铝合金存在结合强度低、硬度和耐磨性能低于同成分基材的难题。对此,主要研究了不同特性硬质颗粒在喷涂粉末中的添加对冷喷涂7050Al合金修复层显微组织、结合强度与摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。以体积分数为30%的脆性Al2O3陶瓷颗粒和韧性的WC-17Co金属陶瓷颗粒为硬质相,在相同参数条件下分别沉积了纯7050Al涂层、7050Al/Al2O3复合涂层与7050Al/WC-17Co复合涂层。采用SEM表征了涂层的横截面组织;依照ASTM C633标准测试了不同硬质相添加对涂层结合强度的影响规律;采用球盘摩擦磨损试验研究了涂层的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明,沉积过程中,脆性的Al2O3颗粒由于不能协调变形,因此与7050Al结合较差且自身会发生碰撞破碎现象;韧性的WC-17Co硬质合金颗粒可以协调变形,因此与7050Al结合较好,且在涂层中含量较Al2O3更高。WC-17Co颗粒在涂层与基材界面处形成的榫卯结构可将7050Al涂层的结合强度由34.5提升到73.2 MPa以上,而Al2O3颗粒的添加对涂层结合强度的影响可以忽略。与7050Al基材相比,WC-17Co硬质合金颗粒的添加可使涂层耐摩擦磨损性能提高8倍以上,而Al2O3颗粒容易剥落的特点使得涂层耐磨性降低50%以上。

1180 MPa级超高强钢冷连轧过程的厚度综合控制技术

针对超高强钢在冷轧过程中厚度波动大以及带头带尾厚度超差的问题,首先根据金属秒流量模型建立了厚度超差预测模型与辊缝调节量预估模型;随后开发了轧制过程中的厚度控制系统,并进行了辊缝调节量优化;最后建立了带钢头尾轧制过程中的轧制速度与张力优化模型。以国内某冷连轧机组的第1机架为技术应用对象,选择两种典型的超高强钢进行生产测试,测试结果表明:超高强钢AR4146E1与DU6220A1的厚度超差长度分别从70.3 m、36.89 m下降到了16.85 m、16.33 m。

光伏支架高强冷弯C型钢檩条的受弯性能研究

为研究光伏支架中高强冷弯C型钢檩条的受弯性能,对5种布置方式下的LQ550高强冷弯C型钢檩条(下文简称为“C型钢檩条”)开展了跨间6个加载点集中加载试验。建立C型钢檩条有限元模型,并通过试验得到的C型钢檩条受弯性能验证模型的准确性,并依此模型探究檩条相对长细比对其受弯稳定承载力的影响规律。参照GB 50018—2002《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》的规定,分析了撑杆约束对檩条受弯稳定承载力的有利作用。结合实际项目,对采用C型钢撑杆的光伏支架开展现场加载试验。研究结果表明:1)檩条的抗弯刚度和受弯稳定承载力通过在跨间设置撑杆约束后明显提高,且设置C型钢撑杆约束的提高效果强于圆管撑杆。2)C型钢撑杆可视为理想侧向支承,檩条平面外计算长度系数可以根据C型钢撑杆的设置情况取值。3)现场加载试验证明C型钢撑杆对檩条扭转具有良好的约束效果,充分验证了采用C型钢撑杆体系的新型光伏支架结构的适用性。

型煤强度重复测试波动情况统计分析

分别利用无机黏结剂和有机黏结剂,在相同的实验条件下制备5种型煤,利用t分布对型煤的冷压强度、浸水强度、耐磨强度、热稳定性和落下强度的测值波动进行了统计分析。结果发现,型煤强度测试结果之间并无显著性差异,质量稳定性较好。无机黏结剂和有机黏结剂制备型煤的冷压强度的最大相对误差分别在4.11%和4.30%以内,浸水强度的最大相对误差分别在5.30%和5.68%以内。无机黏结剂制备型煤的落下强度、耐磨强度、热稳定性的最大相对误差分别在3.26%、2.76%和4.11%以内。型煤浸水强度的质量波动大于型煤的冷压强度,热稳定性比耐磨性测试的最大相对误差高,这与型煤强度测试流程长、测试干扰因素多有关。

冷轧加工率对5182-O铝合金汽车板性能和织构的影响

目的研究冷轧变形量对5182铝合金汽车板力学性能、塑性应变比、金相及织构的影响,系统解释5182铝合金汽车板的强化机理和成形性变化机理。方法采用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜和万能拉伸试验机研究不同冷轧加工率下5182-O铝合金的力学性能和显微组织变化规律。结果50%和75%冷轧加工率的样品强度无明显差异,25%冷轧加工率的样品偏低约3 MPa。塑性应变比加权平均值rm随冷轧加工率的增大而减小,几乎呈线性关系,塑性应变比各向异性度Δr则先减小后增大,延伸率和应变硬化指数则无明显差异。当冷轧加工率从25%增至50%时,平均晶粒尺寸减小了约24%,当冷轧加工率从50%增至75%时,平均晶粒尺寸仅减小了1~2μm。不同冷轧加工率下的5182铝合金连退再结晶后均表现出较弱的织构强度,Cube织构未占主导地位,仍保留了较多的轧制织构。S、Copper和Brass织构的体积分数随冷轧加工率的增大而有所减小,Goss和Q织构的占比有所增大,Cube织构的占比则变化不大。结论冷轧加工率影响了5182-O铝合金汽车板连退后的晶粒尺寸,进而改变了强度。晶粒尺寸和屈服强度的关系符合经典Hall-Petch以及新Hall-Petch关系式。受不同再结晶形核机制竞争关系的影响,轧制织构随冷轧加工率的增大而稍有减少,导致45°方向的塑性应变比和rm逐渐减小,Δr则先减小后增大。