Nonlinear Study on the Mechanical Performance of Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Concrete-Filled Columns under Compression

Given their numerous functional and architectural benefits,such as improved bearing capacity and increased resistance to elastic instability modes,cold-formed steel(CFS)built-up sections have become increasingly developed and used in recent years,particularly in the construction industry.This paper presents an analytical and numerical study of assembled CFS two single channel-shaped columns with different slenderness and configurations(backto-back,face-to-face,and box).These columns were joined by double-row rivets for the back-to-back and box configurations,whereas they were welded together for the face-to-face design.The built-up columns were filled with ordinary concrete of good strength.Finite element models were applied,using ABAQUS software,to assess mechanical performance and study the influence of assembly techniques on the behavior of cold-formed columns under axial compression.Analytical approaches based on Eurocode 3 and Eurocode 4 recommendations for un-filled and concrete-filled columns respectively were followed for the numerical analysis,and concrete confinement effects were also considered per American Concrete Institute(ACI)standards for face-to-face and box configurations.The obtained results indicated a good correlation between the numerical results and the proposed analytical methodology which did not exceed 8%.The failure modes showed that the columns failed due to instabilities such as local and global buckling.

Numerical Analysis of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Short Columns with Pitting Corrosion during Bridge Construction

Pitting corrosion is harmful during bridge construction,which will lead to uneven roughness of steel surfaces and reduce the thickness of steel.Hence,the effect of pitting corrosion on the mechanical properties of cold-formed thin-walled steel stub columns is studied,and the empirical formulas are established through regression fitting to predict the ultimate load of web and flange under pitting corrosion.In detail,the failure modes and load-displacement curves of specimens with different locations,area ratios,and depths are obtained through a large number of non-linear finite element analysis.As for the specimens with pitting corrosion on the web,all the specimens are subject to local buckling failure,and the failure mode will not change with pitting corrosion,but the failure location will change with pitting corrosion location;the size,location,and area ratio of pitting corrosion have little influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,but the loss rate of pitting corrosion section area has a greater impact on the ultimate bearing capacity.As for the specimen with flange pitting corrosion,the location and area ratio of pitting corrosion have less influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,and the section area loss rate has greater influence on the ultimate bearing capacity;the impact of web pitting corrosion on the ultimate load is greater than that of flange pitting corrosion under the same condition of pitting corrosion section area.The prediction formulas of limit load which are suitable for pitting corrosion of web and flange are established,which can provide a reference for performance evaluation of corroded cold-formed thin-walled steel.

Some Advances in the Application of Weathering and Cold-Formed Steel in Transmission Tower

Application of weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission lines can reduce steel consumption and environmental pollution. Some advances in the studies on the weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission tower are introduced. Firstly, corrosion-resistant tests of weathering steel samples under different simulating technical atmospheres were carried out separately for 240 hours. It shows that the corrosion degree of joint samples is higher than that of single chip samples, and the corrosion-resistant performance of weathering steel is superior to common carbon steel. The corrosion-resistance of weathering steel meets with the requirement of transmission tower. Secondly, experiments and finite element analysis for cold-formed angles and a 220kV prototype tower were completed, and the stability coeffi-cient fitting curves as well as the modification formulas of slenderness ratio for cold-formed members were determined. According to the structural characteristics of transmission towers, four sections of cold-formed angles with different sections and slenderness ratios were selected in this study. The finite element model well predicted the buckling behav-iour of the cold-formed members. Ultimate loads calculating by the fitting curve were well agreed to the experimental values, especially for the members with small slenderness ratios. Weight of the cold-formed steel tower can be reduced by more than 5 percent after considering the strength enhancement. Cost of the weathering and cold-formed steel transmission tower is nearly equivalent to that of hot-rolled steel tower with hot galvanizing.

Corner strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room and elevated temperatures

In this study, the suitability of current design methods for the 0.2% proof yield strength of the comer regions for high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was investigated. The current standard predictions are generally accurate for outer comer specimen but conservative for inner comer specimen. Based on the experimental results, an analytical model to predict the comer strength of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was also proposed. The comparison indicated that the proposed model predicted well the comer strength of high strength cold-formed steel not only at normal room temperature but also at elevated temperatures. It is shown that the predictions obtained from the proposed model agree well with the test results. Generally the comer strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel decreases when the temperature increases.

Mechanical Properties of Two Kinds of New Cold-Formed Flange-Closed Welding Section Members

The hollow flange beam(HFB) is a unique cold-formed steel section developed in Australia for use as a flexural member.It′s a particular cross section with two torsion rigid closed triangular flanges and a comparatively flexible web,and it is a type of high efficient cross section.This paper presents two kinds of new cold-formed flange-closed welding sections named HF1 and HF2 according to different section component and parameters of HFB.Nonlinear finite element method has been adopted to investigate the mechanical properties such as buckling mode,deformation process,rigidity,ductility and correlation curve of two kinds of new section members which being subjected to axial compression,flexure,combined compression and bending.Systematical comparisons of the consumed steel quantities of per unit load carrying capacity between new section members and the same section dimensions of cold-formed C-section members have been carried out.Some conclusions can be drawn from above work that the new sections have some superior properties including higher load carrying capacity and section modulus,sufficient section stiffness,and difficult occurrence for the sub element local buckling.The new sections are suitable for bearing flexure,compression,combined compression and bending.The new sections′ consumed steel quantities of per unit load carrying capacity are almost half as those of the same dimension C-section members′.The experimental investigation is carried out further on the new cold-formed flange-closed welding section members and can be used in the practical engineering.

装配式钢结构住宅发展策略选择研究——基于SWOT-AHP分析

针对我国农村地区积极推广装配式钢结构住宅的总体形势,本文旨在提供一种选择装配式钢结构住宅发展策略的方法。采用SWOT分析方法识别农村地区发展装配式钢结构住宅优势、劣势、机遇、威胁,并通过AHP分析各因素权重;基于权重结果计算得到优势、劣势、机遇、威胁的总体强度构建战略四边形,进一步分析WO、SO、WT、ST四个战略的战略面积和战略方向角,以此确定优先选择战略和相应的发展策略,希望为农村地区的装配式钢结构住宅推广提供参考。

槽钢加固上海市南市区图书馆旧址整体移位数值分析及其关键部位变形监测

石库门里弄住宅是近现代重要史迹及沪上代表性建筑,展示着特定时期城市文化的沉淀。以上海市南市区图书馆旧址工程为例,采用槽钢内撑外拉的方式对整体结构进行了加固,利用既有建筑整体移位技术对该砖-木混合结构进行了顶升和平移,采用位移传感器监测了结构在平移过程中关键部位的位移响应;采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了上海市南市区图书馆旧址工程的整体有限元模型,得到了结构在顶升、平移过程中关键部位的位移响应,并将模拟结果与实际位移监测结果进行了对比;基于验证的有限元模型,开展了参数分析研究,分析了顶升和平移速率及地面平整度对结构位移响应的影响,评估了结构的受力和安全状态。研究可为城市更新中历史建筑的整体移位技术提供参考。

高层住宅建筑施工技术分析研究

从地基处理、模板工程、钢筋工程以及混凝土工程4个方面介绍了高层住宅建筑施工涉及的具体内容。在此基础上,以某住宅项目为研究背景,对高层住宅建筑地基基础处理形式、梁体和板体模板安装与拆装、钢筋加工与制作以及混凝土浇筑和养护等施工技术和施工要点进行了系统论述。

Bond Performance of Adhesively Bonding Interface of Steel-Bamboo Composite Structure

The steel-bamboo composite structure is a newly developed structure,combining phyllostachys pubescens(also called Moso bamboo)plywood and cold-formed thin-walled steel with structural adhesive.The reliability of steelbamboo interface is the premise of composite effect.13 specimens were prepared to investigate the failure modes and mechanism of the steel-bamboo interface on the basis of push-out test,and the strain difference analysis method was proposed to study the distribution of shear stress.The results show that the main failure modes of steel-bamboo interface are adhesion failure and splitting of bamboo plywood.The shear stress is not evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction of the interface,showing a shape of“larger at two ends and smaller in the middle”.The lower end of the interface is the initial location of the interface failure and the shear stress concentration degree is positively correlated with the thickness of the externally bonded bamboo plate.The shear resistance of steel-bamboo interface can be enhanced by improving the adhesion between steel and structural adhesive and ameliorating the quality of bamboo products.

Comparison of Low Rise Residential Industrialized Building Systems in Turkey

Industrialized building systems came into the agenda in response to requirements of earthquake resistance and rapid construction in Turkey after 1999 Izmit earthquake. CFS （cold-formed steel） framing system is able to meet the existing requirements in the field of low rise residential. But, objective comparison is required for the selection of structural systems used in low rise residentials. CFS system is compared with timber frame and reinforced concrete building systems in terms of design and applicability criterion in circumstances of Turkey, and the results of this comparison are presented in this study. In order to compare building systems objectively, a sample project, has been designed and studied on it. Three structural systems have been separately applied over this project designed in consideration of existing housing stock and preferences of the construction industry of Turkey Evaluation method with different values is selected in comparison and properties of three different structural systems are graded according to evaluation method. As a result of comparison, the CFS system is the most advantageous low rise residential prefabricated construction system in terms of design and applicability

Living Steel项目介绍

介绍living steel项目及宝钢的参与情况,指出钢结构住宅符合国家发展节能省地型住宅的政策,是实现住宅产业化的有效途径。同时介绍了宝钢对发展钢结构住宅的认识。

两类新型钢板阻尼墙在高层钢结构住宅中的复合减震(振)应用研究

首先介绍了两类新型钢板阻尼墙技术(铅-黏滞复合阻尼墙和无屈曲钢板阻尼墙)。铅-黏滞复合阻尼墙由黏滞阻尼墙和铅阻尼器复合而成,主要用于解决高层钢结构的风振问题,其中黏滞阻尼墙用于提高舒适度性能,铅阻尼器用于减小风荷载下的层间位移角。无屈曲钢板阻尼墙则主要用于解决抗震问题,小震下其主要处于弹性状态,为结构提供抗侧刚度,中大震下则进入屈服状态消耗能量,使结构层间位移角满足规范要求。然后,基于上述两类阻尼墙技术,提出了适用于高层钢结构住宅的复合减震(振)设计方法。最后,通过在一幢高层钢结构住宅中采用上述两类新型阻尼墙技术,通过复合减震(振)设计,验证了两类阻尼墙技术对于减小高层钢结构风振和地震响应的有效性。

Ultimate strength of single shear bolted connections with cold-formed ferritic stainless steel

This paper is focused on the structural behavior of the single shear bolted connections with thin-walled ferritic stainless steel.The purpose of this study is to investigate the ultimate behaviors,such as ultimate strength and fracture mode of the single shear bolted connections of thin-walled ferritic stainless steel(low cost steel) rather than austenitic stainless steel(high cost steel).Bolt arrangement and end distance parallel to the direction of applied load are considered as main variables of the test specimens for bolted connections.Specimens have a constant dimension of edge distance perpendicular to the loading direction,bolt diameter,pitch,and gauge.A monotonic tensile test for specimens has been carried out and some bolted connections with long end distance showed curling(out of plane deformation) occurrence which led to strength reduction.The ultimate behaviors such as fracture mode,ultimate strength are compared with those predicted by current design codes.Further,conditions of curling occurrence and the strength reduction due to curling are investigated and modified strength equations are suggested considering the curling effect.

京津冀地区装配式钢结构住宅部品部件及接口标准化研究

京津冀地区在住宅产业化试点建设、政策支持力度等方面处于全国领先水平,同时存在市场供求关系失衡、标准化体系不完善等不足。在住房和城乡建设部“1+3”标准化设计和生产体系基础上,通过产业现状分析、工程调研、标准化设计技术研究、产业链协同管理研究,形成京津冀地区装配式钢结构住宅结构部件(梁板柱)、设备管线及装配式装修部品、接口的优选规格选型,推动既满足用户高品质使用需求、便于工厂规模化生产,又利于现场高效化装配的标准化技术、规模化产品应用,为促进装配式钢结构住宅项目综合成本节约、建造精度提高、建成品质提升提供可行的技术路径。

Structural behavior of intermediate length cold-formed steel rack columns with C-stitches

This article presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the strength and performance of intermediate length rack column sections with C-stitches under axial compression. The test program consisted of 10 axial concentric compression tests on columns with and without C-stitches under pin end conditions for two different geometric lengths. Finite element (FE) models were developed using commercial FE package ABAQUS considering material and geometric nonlinearities as well as initial geometric imperfections. The elastic buckling properties of the section were calculated using readily available linear elastic buckling analysis tools based on Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) and Finite Strip Method (FSM). Obtained FE results were compared with those obtained experimentally, and once verified the developed FE modeling technique was used to carry out a parametric study to examine changes in structural response due to variations in length, depth and spacing of C-stitches. Observed influences of C-stitches on the behavior and resistance of the considered columns were carefully analyzed, and key design aspects are presented herein.

装配式钢结构住宅内装系统施工技术研究

介绍了装配式住宅建筑主要内装部品的构成、种类,对地面、墙体、吊顶、卫浴及厨房部品进行详细介绍,同时详细阐述内装系统的施工安装,,对地面部品、墙体部品、吊顶部品及厨卫部品施工技术进行总结研究。

Full-Range Compressive Stress-Strain Curves for Cold-Formed 304 Stainless Steel Circular Hollow Sections After Exposure to Vacuum Brazing

With the rapid development of microscale cellular structures, the small-diameter cold-formed welded stainless steel tubes have recently been used for creating the metallic lat- tice topologies with high mechanical properties. In this paper, to obtain the accurate material properties of the circular hollow section （CHS） under pure compression, a series of concentric compression tests are conducted on the millimeter-scale cold-formed 304 stainless steel circu- lar tubular stub columns after exposure to a vacuum brazing process. The tests cover a total of 18 small-diameter stub tubes with measured thickness-to-diameter ratios （t/D） from 0.023 to 0.201. A generalized three-stage nominal stress-strain model is developed for describing the compressive behavior of the post-brazing CHSs over the full strain range. This mechanical model is especially applicable to computer code implementation. Hence, an interactive computer pro- gram is developed to simultaneously optimize three strain hardening exponents （n1, n2, n3） in the expression of the model to produce the stress-strain curve capable of accurately replicating the test data. To further reduce the number of the model and material parameters on which this model depends, this paper also develops five expressions for determining the 2.5% proof stress （ap2）, n2, the ultimate compressive strength （σp3）, n3, and the ultimate plastic strain （p3%） for given experimental values of three basic material parameters （E0, σ0.01, σ0.2）. These expressions are validated to he effective for the CHSs with t/D 〉_ 0.027. The analytically predicted full-range stress-strain curves have generally shown close agreement with the ones obtained experimentally.

水墨江南项目钢结构设计介绍

简单介绍了襄阳水墨江南钢结构项目工程概况、结构体系、基本结构构件形式和节点形式及部分计算分析思路和结果,可以作为钢管混凝土束剪力墙结构体系运用在住宅项目中的典型案例。此项目将钢结构和混凝土结构进行对比,钢结构具有明显优势。在国家大力倡导绿色建筑的今天,政府对住宅工程装配率有了强制要求。钢管混凝土束剪力墙结构体系不仅能大大提高装配率,实现设计生产一体化,还能优化结构布置,提高建筑面积使用率。未来住宅工程势必会越来越广泛地采用这种设计生产一体化的钢结构体系。

Hot-dip galvanizing of cold-formed steel hollow sections: a state-of-the-art review

A good understanding of the effects of galvanizing on the short-and long-term behaviours of steel components is essential for structural design.This review paper is motivated by a series of recent reports on cracking in galvanized cold-formed tubular steel structures and the limitations of current steel product standards and steel design specifications in this field.The steel-related and galvanizing-related factors,different pre-galvanizing countermeasures for brittle cracking and the available technical documents are summarized.An extensive bibliography is provided as a basis for future research and development in this field.

Dynamic material performance of cold-formed steel hollow sections： a state-of-the-art review

This paper presents a literature review focused on the material performance of cold-formed, carbon steel, hollow structural sections under impulsive （highly dynamic） loading. Impulsive loading, represented by impact and blast, is characterized by a very rapid, time-dependent loading regime in the affected members and materials. Thus, the effect of high-strain-rate loading is initially reviewed. Next the material toughness, an important energy-absorption property and one measure of a material＇s ability to arrest fracture, is considered by means of studying the Charpy V-notch behavior. The response of hollow sections under axial and lateral impact loading is then reviewed. Studies of blast on hollow sections, most of which fall under the categories of contact/near-field loading or far-field loading are presented. Under large-scale field blast experiments, cold-formed hollow sections have shown excellent behavior. Software for modeling blast loading and structural response, the latter including single degree of freedom analysis and explicit finite element analysis, is described and discussed.