A Study on Physiological Character of Fresh Tea Leaves in Different Cold-Resistant Varieties

In order to reveal the cold resistant mechanism of tea plant,two varieties with different cold resistances were studied.The activities of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) were investigated,and the contents of soluble protein,sugar and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined in fresh tea leaves in the autumn.The results showed that the activities of POD and the content of soluble sugar were both much higher in the variety with strong cold resistance,and the content of soluble protein was associated with the cold resistance,while the cold resistance of the plant was not related with the activities of the CAT,SOD and PPO,and the content of MDA.It is considered that the activity of POD and contents of soluble sugar could be used as indicators to identify the cold resistance of tea varieties.

Analysis of Mineral Elements in 13 Famous Tea Varieties in Sichuan Province

This study was to analyze the mineral elements in famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province. Eighteen mineral elements in the samples of 13 famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province were measured via related instruments. The results showed, of all the 18 measured samples, that the contents of K, P, S, Ca and Mg were relatively higher（ 〉1 500 mg/kg） in famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province, while those of Ba, Cr, V, Co and Se were relatively lower（ 〈 10 mg/kg） ; compared to common green tea, the famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province contained higher contents of K, Zn, P, Na, Ni, Cu, S, Se and Co（0.38% -115.65% higher than that in common green tea）, and lower contents of Mg, Mn, AI, Ca, V, Rb, Fe and Cr（7.20% -46.67% lower than that in common green tea）; of the 13 tested tea varieties, Hongyanyingchun, Yongchuanxiuya and Qingchengxueya were rich in mineral elements, while Yuchengyunwu and Yuqiancha lacked in mineral elements. The re- suits show that Hongyanyingchun, Yongchuanxiuya and Qingchengxueya are the elites in the famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province.

Effect of Varieties on Tea Pigment and Chromatic Aberration of Black Tea Infusion

Effects of varieties on the content of tea pigment, L＊, a＊ and b＊ value of chromatic aberration of black tea infusion was studied. The correlation relationship between content of TF, TR, TB and L＊, a＊, b＊ value was extremely significant at P＆lt;0.05. Fresh tea leaves with plucking standard of 1 bud and 2 leaves could man-ufacture black tea with higher content of tea pigment, higher a＊ and b＊ value but lower L＊ value, than those of plucking standard of 1 bud and 3 leaves. But the discrepancy of certain parameter of the two plucking standards changed with vari-eties. Varieties’ quality potential could be concealed by improper plucking standards. Six varieties were divided into four groups on the basis of gross tea polyphenols in fresh tea leaves （GTP）, consumption of tea polyphenols to gross tea polyphenols ratio （CTP/GTP） and gross tea pigment to consumption of tea polyphenols ratio （GP/CTP）. Hybrid performed the very suitability of black tea manufacturing. To en-sure high quality of made black tea, suitable variety should be chosen and reason-able plucking standard also should be taken into consideration.

Analysis of Differences in Biochemical Components Between Yunnan and Kenya Tea Tree Varieties

With 16 Yunnan tea tree varieties and 5 Kenya tea tree varieties as test materials,the differences in biochemical components between Yunnan and Kenya tea tree varieties were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the coefficients of variation of tea polyphenols,amino acids,caffeine,water extract,gallic acid(GA),catechin(C),epicatechin(EC),epicatechin gallate(ECG),epigallocatechin(EGC),epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and total catechins in Yunnan tea tree varieties were greater than those in Kenyan tea trees.The contents of tea polyphenols,amino acids,caffeine,water extract,C,EC,EGC,EGCG and total catechins in Yunnan tea tree varieties had no significant differences from those in Kenyan tea trees varieties(P>0.05),while there were significant differences in the contents of GA and ECG between Yunnan tea tree varieties and Kenya tea tree varieties(P<0.05).Therefore,it could be predicted that GA and ECG might be one of the main characteristics of the differences in biochemical components between Yunnan tea tree varieties and Kenyan tea tree varieties.The cluster analysis results showed that when the genetic distance was 15,the 21 tested tea varieties could be divided into three groups with obvious biochemical differences.

Analysis of Chemical Components of Longjing Teas Prepared Using Various Tea Varieties

Longjing tea is a famous tea in China and it is major green tea products produced in Zhejiang Province.There are 3 kinds of Longjing tea(Xihu Longjing,Qiantang Longjing and Yuezhou Longjing) according to their producing areas.Qiantang Longjing tea in Fuyang City is usually produced using materials picked from tea varieties Longjing-43,Jiukeng and Wuniuzao.Chemical composition is important indicator for identifying quality and authenticity.Longjing tea samples were collected from tea gardens of tea varieties Longjing-43,Jiukeng and Wuniuzao were detected.It showed that chemical composition of tea samples prepared using the three varieties were quite similar.However,level of gallic acid decreased with picking time except for Wuniuzao,and caffeine and total catechins increased with increase in altitude.

Breeding and Characterization of Yunchachunhao, a New Tea Variety with Full Aroma and High Quality

[Objective] The aim of this study was to select a tea variety with full aro- ma and high quality. [Method] The quality of Yunchachunhao was identified using Yunkang 10 and Fudingdabaicha as the controls in variety comparison test, using Yunkang 10 and Dangdidayezhong as the controls in reginal test. [Result] In variety comparison test, the yield of Yunchachunhao was 39.3% more than that of Yunkang 10, and 29.6% more than that of Fudingdabaicha. In reginal test, the yield of Yun- chachunhao was 2.5% （Baoshan） and 10.2% （Lancang） more than that of Yunkang 10. The roast-dried green tea of Yunchachunhao was characterized by flowery fla- vor, good taste and bright green infused leaves. It got the total scores of 91.13 in quality identification, which was higher than that of Fudingdabaicha （90.75） and Yunkang 10 （88.85）. The steam fixed green tea of Yunchachunhao contained 28.0% polyphenols and 2.7% amino acids; and the ratio of polyphenols to amino acids was 10.4, lower than that of Fudingdabaicha （10.6） and Yunkang 10 （17.3）. Yun- chachunhao had better resistance to drought and blister blight than Yunkang 10. [Conclusion] The survival rates of cuttings and transplanted seedlings of Yun- chachunhao are higher than that of control varieties, suggesting it has better adapt- ability and can be promoted in the large-leaf tea planting area of Yunnan Province.

Processing Technology and Quality of Low-fluoride Brick tea

In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.

Preparation of the UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability–Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]

Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability （DUS） testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection （PVP） and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder＇s Rights （PBR）. DUS Test Guidelines are not only the technical manuals for the DUS testing authorities to conduct the testing, but also the technical standards for the competent authorities to examine the DUS of new varieties of plants. Tea plant, originated from Yunnan Province, China, is a very important woody cash species in the world. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants （UPOV） DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant is the first Test Guidelines prepared by China for the UPOV. In this article, the subject, selection, and determination of characteristics, states of expression of characteristics and the selection of example varieties, assessment of the UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant were elucidated in detail. Finally, the proposal of PVP for tea plant in China was also proposed. The preparation of UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant will have important significance both for promoting the development of PVP and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China.

Structure variety and its effects on biological activity of tea polysaccharides

Tea polysaccharides(TPSs),one of the major bioactive ingredients in tea,have been widely studied due to their variety of biological activities,including antioxidant,cancer prevention,hypoglycemia,anti-fatigue,anti-coagulant,anti-obesity and immunomodulatory effect.The biological effectiveness of TPSs has direct relation with their structures such as monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,glycosidic linkages,conformation and others,which can be influenced by tea materials,processing methods,extraction and purification procedures among others.Comparing to the study of tea polyphenols,the exploration of TPSs in structural elucidation and biofunctionality is very preliminary.Yet several factors affecting the structural change of TPSs have been studied and identified.Consequently,the variation of some TPS biological activity brought by the change of TPS structures has been evaluated and preliminary correlation of structure activity relationship of TPSs has been performed.Therefore,this review aims to serve as a summary research report regarding the influencing factors on TPSs structures and consequential effects on the biological activities of TPSs.We hope to provide updated information and systematic references for future study and functional food development of TPSs.

基于滋味品质的万州区主栽茶树品种绿茶差异分析

滋味是茶叶的重要品质,为探明万州区主栽品种绿茶的滋味品质,采用感官审评和靶向检测方法评价不同品种绿茶茶汤的滋味,分析茶汤中儿茶素类、游离氨基酸类、嘌呤碱类、黄酮醇及其苷类和有机酸类5大类滋味成分含量。结果表明:4个品种茶树制备的绿茶滋味品质有明显区别,川中小叶群体种滋味浓强,‘安吉白茶’鲜爽、甘醇滋味特征明显,‘福鼎大白茶’兼具浓强、鲜爽、醇厚,‘中黄1号’滋味鲜爽但浓强不足;滋味成分分析结果表明,川中小叶群体种儿茶素类含量较高,游离氨基酸类含量较低;‘安吉白茶’游离氨基酸含量最高,‘福鼎大白茶’各类滋味成分含量均处于较高水平,‘中黄1号’滋味成分总量和水浸出物含量均较低;主成分分析结果表明,4个品种可以得到较好地区分,通过滋味贡献度分析发现,芦丁、咖啡碱等13种滋味成分具有较大贡献;差异分析结果表明,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和茶氨酸是‘安吉白茶’和‘福鼎大白茶’鲜爽度的主要贡献物质,杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷和金丝桃苷是‘中黄1号’区别于其他3个品种茶类的主要滋味贡献物质,川中小叶群体种内部也有较大差异,其中C4和C5距离较近,含有较高含量的黄酮苷类物质,滋味表现出较强的收敛感。本研究对万州区主栽品种所制绿茶的品质特性进行了梳理,为万州区绿茶滋味品质改进研究提供参考。

Breeding of a New Breakthrough Tea Tree Variety Tianfu No.1

Tianfu No.1 is bred from a plant in the population of Sichuan through system selection,which is characterized with early and uniform germination,hypertrophic shoots,full cover with pekoes and long picking period of single shoots.Compared with those of Fuding white tea(CK),the fresh leaf yield,tea polyphenols content,free amino acids content,caffeine content and soluble sugar content of Tianfu No.1 were increased by 8.89%,6.98%,10.00%,2.96%and31.58%,respectively.Tianfu No.1 is a new rare breakthrough tea variety with high development potential,good intrinsic biochemical quality,and strong adaptability for processing multi-typed tea products such as green tea,white tea,black tea and dark tea,etc.It has strong stress resistance and can still grow better in low-humidity areas.In addition,it is not easy to flower and fruit.

我国茶树新品种保护申请和授权现状

为明确我国茶树新品种保护申请和授权现状,通过收集整理我国茶树新品种保护申请、授权信息,从不同申报渠道、不同地区、不同申报主体对茶树新品种保护现状进行分析。结果表明,截止2023年12月31日,共76批次501件茶树新品种保护申请公告、28批次172件品种权授权公告,授权率34.26%,172件茶树新品种权从申请至授权公告日历时0.53~7.36年,平均授权年限4.11年。从国家林业和草原局申报茶树新品种保护33件,授权30件,授权率90.90%,平均授权年限1.19年;从农业农村部申报茶树新品种保护469件,授权142件,授权率30.28%,平均授权年限4.73年。共有132家单位或个人提交茶树新品种保护申请,44家作为品种权人被授予茶树新品种权,科研院所是最大的申请和授权主体,申请和授权数量分别为374件、124件,分别占比74.50%、72.09%。中国农业科学院茶叶研究所茶树新品种保护申请和授权数量最多,分别为95件、55件,分别占比18.92%、31.98%,宁波黄金韵茶业科技有限公司申请28件,授权25件,授权率最高(89.29%)。

不同茶树品种芽型工夫红茶的品质特征

为了解不同茶树品种制作的芽型工夫红茶品质差异,采用高效液相色谱技术、固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)技术、定量描述性分析和化学计量学对10个茶树品种芽型工夫红茶的特征滋味物质和特征香气成分进行分析。定量描述性分析结果表明,10个茶树品种芽型工夫红茶的整体香气以甜香、花香为主,滋味以甜醇、浓厚为主。不同样品中检测的16种内含成分(非挥发性成分)存在一定的差异,平均变异系数为21.63%,其中茶黄素的差异最大;在10个茶树品种红茶中共检测出49种挥发性物质,其中质量分数最高的挥发性物质类型为醇类化合物,其次为酯类化合物,酮类化合物质量分数最低,其中香叶醇质量分数最高;正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)能将‘金牡丹‘’福云7号’与其他茶树品种红茶区分开,且筛选出12种与芽型工夫红茶茶树品种密切相关的标志差异物。相关性分析结果表明,咖啡碱和茶多酚与回甘呈显著正相关,咖啡碱、可可碱与醇度呈显著正相关,香叶醇、顺-α,α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化呋喃-2-甲醇、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇与花果香呈正相关。该研究为芽型工夫红茶的生产加工和品质提升提供了理论依据。

3个高香型茶树品种在陕西汉中地区的适应性研究

为筛选适宜汉中地区种植的高香型优良茶树品种,引进了黄观音、茗科1号和金牡丹3个高香型茶树品种,以福鼎大白茶(CK)为对照,开展了连续5年的适应性、适制性等综合性状观测评价试验。结果表明,3个品种引种适应性强或较强,幼年期生长势中等,春季发芽期中等,新梢芽叶带不同程度紫色,加工工夫红茶品质优良,加工烘青绿茶品质优良或中等,鲜叶产量中等,抗寒性较强或中等。3个品种较适宜在汉中及气候相似地区种植,可作为高香型红茶品种引进,应采用黑色地膜栽植方式建园,以降低冻害影响,确保一次成园。

茶树新品系‘福茗2号’区域试验报告

【目的】选育早生、高产、高香茶树新品种,满足消费需求的多样化。【方法】以‘黄棪’为对照,在福建福安、松溪、福州3个区试点对‘福茗2号’新品系的种植成活率、物候期(一芽一叶、一芽二叶和一芽三叶期)、鲜叶产量、制茶品质、抗性等方面进行为期6年(2016—2021年)的茶树品种区域试验。【结果】‘福茗2号’新品系种植成活率高,达89%以上;物候期比对照早1~2 d;鲜叶产量比对照高5%左右;制乌龙茶品质比对照高出0.5~1.1分;耐寒、耐旱性强,茶炭疽病和茶小绿叶蝉抗性均表现为抗。【结论】‘福茗2号’是一个早生、高产、优质、高抗的乌龙茶新品种,适宜在福建福安、松溪、福州及相似乌龙茶地区种植和推广应用。

基于GC×GC-TOFMS-O分析3种武夷岩茶的关键香气成分

通过感官审评、全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱-嗅辨仪技术及香气活力值法,分析了三个茶树品种(肉桂、水仙、大红袍)毛茶在同一焙火温度下加工制成的三种武夷岩茶的关键香气成分。在香气品质上,肉桂以桂皮香为主,并带有花香;水仙以兰花香为主;大红袍花果香馥郁。3种武夷岩茶中共检测出337种挥发性成分,36种香气活性成分、26种关键香气成分。其中,在肉桂、水仙、大红袍中分别确定17、16、18种关键香气成分。结合热图分析,肉桂中确定香叶醇、3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪、异戊酸正己酯、正己醛等8个主要关键香气成分;水仙中确定己酸戊酯、罗勒烯、甲基庚烯酮、吲哚、3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪等10个主要关键香气成分;大红袍中确定苯乙醇、苯甲酸甲酯、十一醛、2-甲基吡嗪、十二醛等8个主要关键香气成分,表明这些化合物对不同武夷岩茶香气品质的形成具有重要贡献。

不同茶树品种寿眉白茶品质分析

为探究不同茶树品种寿眉白茶品质及其物质基础。本研究以福安大白茶(FA)、福鼎大毫茶(FD)、梅占(MZ)和凤庆大叶种(FQ)所制寿眉白茶为原料,采用感官审评、高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)、顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用(Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析寿眉白茶品质,并结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)及其置换检验,并基于变量投影重要性分析(Variable importance in projection,VIP)值和P值筛选标志差异性化合物。结果表明,4个茶树品种加工的白茶的感官评价和理化结果均存在差异,其中4个茶树品种的寿眉白茶在感官品质上均具有较好的感官品质且各具特色。不同的寿眉白茶的水浸出物为45.48%~46.89%,茶多酚为16.79%~19.96%,咖啡碱为41.34~56.61 mg/g,茶黄素总量为3.31~8.22 mg/g,儿茶素总量为143.90~165.62 mg/g,非酯型儿茶素含量为21.55~36.01 mg/g,酯型儿茶素含量为114.14~134.16 mg/g,游离氨基酸总量为30.35~38.31 mg/g,不同茶样在非挥发性化合物的含量上存在差异。4个茶样共检测出57种挥发性化合物,其总量范围在121.63~203.43μg/g,其中醇类和醛类化合物占比最多。不同的茶样在挥发性化合物的香气类型、种类及含量上存在较大差异。基于4个茶样的93个化合物建立的正交偏最小二乘法判别分析可实现对茶样的有效区分,并筛选出56种影响其品质的标志差异性化合物(VIP值>1且P<0.05)。综上所述,不同茶树品种对寿眉白茶品质特征存在影响。本研究结果可为4种寿眉白茶的品质调控提供数据支撑。

不同品种和工艺条件对白茶品质形成机制的影响研究进展

白茶属微发酵茶,不同茶树品种制作工艺白茶鲜醇可口和花香浓郁的品质有所差异,在不同工艺条件下,茶中多酚类物质、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、生物碱和可溶性糖等内含物质发生不同程度变化,导致白茶外形、色泽及冲泡后汤色、滋味和香气发生不同程度的变化,进而赋予了独特的品质特征。白茶的品质形成十分复杂,其成分的组成、含量及所表现的香气特征受茶树品种和工艺条件的不同而有所差异。鉴于此,为推动工艺白茶产业的发展,挖掘白茶品质形成机制,本文综述了近几年白茶在萎凋和干燥过程中品质形成机制,分析了不同茶树品种和工艺条件对白茶品质影响原因并进行了展望,旨在为提升白茶品质、优化白茶加工工艺及利用和选育更多不同茶树品种供理论依据。

5个茶树品种试制碾茶的主要理化成分含量比较分析

选择优良的适制茶树品种对提升茶产品的品质非常关键。本文采摘梵净山区域引种的5个碾茶适制茶树品种的茶青,分别试制成碾茶产品,并对产品主要理化成分含量进行比较分析,选出最适宜在梵净山区域种植加工碾茶的茶树品种。结果表明,金萱品种加工的碾茶产品的游离氨基酸含量最高,为3.380%;薮北品种加工的碾茶产品的咖啡碱含量最低,为3.110%;金萱品种加工的碾茶产品的儿茶素组含量最低,为10.559%。经加权评分,金萱品种加工的碾茶产品品质最优,最适宜在梵净山区域种植以及加工碾茶。

浙江省不同地理尺度有机茶稳定同位素特征差异分析

为探究浙江省有机茶稳定同位素特征差异,本研究收集了来自浙江省52个有机茶企业生产的72份具有代表性的样品,采用元素分析-稳定同位素比率质谱仪测定有机茶中稳定同位素比值(δ^(15)N、δ^(13)C、δ^(2)H、δ^(18)O值),研究不同茶类间的稳定同位素差异,并从3个地理尺度对浙江省有机茶稳定同位素特征进行分析。结果表明,浙江省有机绿茶和有机红茶的稳定同位素比值无显著差异。浙江省有机茶δ^(15)N值范围为-2.4‰~6.7‰,平均值为2.0‰,在地市尺度上无显著差异;在区域尺度上,浙南地区有机茶δ^(15)N显著高于浙北地区;在全国尺度上,浙江省有机茶δ^(15)N显著高于全国其他产区。浙江省有机茶δ^(13)C、δ^(2)H、δ^(18)O平均值分别为-27.2‰、-47.9‰、26.3‰,部分地市间存在地域差异,浙南地区和浙北地区有机茶的3种稳定同位素比值均无显著差异。本研究为浙江省有机茶稳定同位素数据库建立及特征识别提供了科学依据。