Al-Cu-Sc铝合金板材不同热处理状态下的组织和力学性能研究

以厚度为3 mm的Al-Cu-Sc铝合金板材为研究对象,利用EBSD技术对人工时效态(T6态)和退火态(O态)板材的微观组织进行分析;对T6态、O态、W态以及经过预拉伸变形和人工时效处理得到的T8态板材在室温下进行单向拉伸测试,研究不同热处理状态下板材的力学性能变化规律。结果表明:T6态和O态板材中都存在[001]方向的织构,且O态板材的织构更强。T6态板材的晶界以大角度晶界为主,O态板材的晶界以小角度晶界为主,且其晶粒尺寸远大于T6态板材。T6态和W态Al-Cu-Sc板材轧制方向与横向强度基本一样,而O态板材轧向强度明显高于横向。O态板材的强度最低,T6态板材的塑性最差,而W态板材具有最小的屈强比和最大的应变硬化指数n值,成形性能最好。此外,经过预拉伸和人工时效后得到的T8态板材强度显著提升,当预拉伸变形量为5%和7%时,T8态板材抗拉强度超过500 MPa。

Effect of water quenching processing parameters on the mechanical properties of a cold-rolled C-Mn-containing steel sheet

Cold-rolled advanced high-strength steel sheets have become the material of choice for the automotive industry because of their unique attributes of high strength and balanced mechanical properties.High-hydrogen gas jet cooling and water quenching are the most commonly used ultrafast cooling technologies for producing martensite-containing high-strength steel sheets.The water quenching technology ensures the fastest industrial cooling rate of 1 000 K/s;therefore,it has the highest potential with respect to saving alloys.In this study,the water quenching of a C-Mn-containing steel sheet is simulated during continuous annealing to investigate the effect of water quenching and tempering parameters on its mechanical properties.The results reveal that at low quenching temperatures,the strength of the steel sheet decreases as the soaking temperature increases.However,at high quenching temperatures,a high soaking temperature corresponds to increased strength after quenching,regardless of whether the material was austenitized in the single austenite zone or the inter-critical zone.Therefore,a high quenching temperature always results in a high strength and a high yield ratio after quenching.Low-temperature overaging(tempering) considerably influences the yield strength and yield ratio,and the extent of this influence is correlated with the soaking temperature.

Effect of annealing parameters on mechanical properties of cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets

Cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets produced on continuous annealing lines with water quenching facility,have advantages of high strength and low alloying element contents.These are in good accordance with the trend of light-weighting and fuel saving for automotive steel.In this article,a cold-rolled martensitic steel is studied to investigate the effect of annealing parameters on its mechanical properties.It is found that the quenching temperature and the slow cooling speed as well as the overageing temperature have significant influence on the strength of the experimental steel.The temperature zone at which the austenite decomposition is slow or has not started may be chosen as the quenching temperature to ensure the steel’s strength stability.The slow cooling speed also influences the steel’s strength greatly.A high cooling rate will lead to significantly higher strength.Tempering would decrease the steel’s tensile strength but would increase its yield strength.

Development and application of Baosteel's cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets

Cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets are becoming widely applied in the automotive industry because of their ultra-high strength,which may result in satisfactory weight reduction. The grades of martensitic steel sheets are classified based on their tensile strength,which ranges from 980 to 1 700 MPa. The main applications include a series of structural parts of uniform cross-section or simple shape,such as bumper beams,door beams and door sills,etc. The study and development of cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets date back to 2007 in Baosteel,and some grades became commercially available in 2009. By 2015,Baosteel had commercially supplied thousands of tons of these steel sheets with tensile strength up to 1 400 MPa. Currently,1 500 MPa martensitic steel sheet is commercially available and 1 700 MPa martensitic steel sheet has been successfully produced. The process technology and application guides of Basoteel ＇s cold-rolled martensitic steels are summarized and analyzed in order to assist ongoing research and ensure correct applications of these ultra-high strength steel sheets.

Properties of ultra-low carbon,cold-rolled sheet steels containing titanium or boron for use in enameling

Ultra-low carbon（ULC）,cold-rolled sheet steels for porcelain enameling containing alloys of titanium and boron are studied. The microstructure,mechanical properties,inclusions,and precipitates of the sheet steels are analyzed. The hydrogen permeation time of the sheet steels as-annealed and after skin-passed or cold-rolled at different reductions are measured. It is show n that the sheet steels possess different features of enameling properties in hydrogen permeability,fishscale resistance,and pinhole resistance.

超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金板材研究

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机研究了超高Zn、Mg含量和微量Sc、Sm稀土元素对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金板材微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:板材强度随Zn、Mg元素含量的增加而提高;添加微量Sm元素对细化晶粒没有效果,且在基体中形成不能消除的含Sm第二相,对性能不利;Sc可有效细化铸锭晶粒,抑制再结晶,并显著提高板材强度,Sc元素添加量达到w(Sc)=0.2%可使板材屈服强度提升59 MPa,抗拉强度提升51 MPa;在高合金化的基础上复合添加w(Zr)=0.12%和w(Sc)=0.2%,板材屈服强度可达726 MPa,抗拉强度可达752 MPa。

Effect of stacking fault energy on mechanical properties of ultrafine-grain Cu and Cu-Al alloy processed by cold-rolling

Cu,Cu-2.2%Al and Cu-4.5%Al with stacking fault energies（SFE） of 78,35 and 7 mJ/m2 respectively were processed by cold-rolling（CR） at liquid nitrogen temperature（77 K） after hot-rolling.X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that a decrease in SFE leads to a decrease in crystallite size but increase in microstrain,dislocation and twin densities of the CR processed samples.Tensile tests at room temperature indicate that as the stacking fault energy decreases,the strength and ductility increase.The results indicate that decreasing stacking fault energy is an optimum method to improve the ductility without loss of strength.

Microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and tailoring of coefficient of thermal expansion for Cu/Mo/Cu clad sheets fabricated by hot rolling

The law of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of hot roll bonded Cu/Mo/Cu clad sheets were systematically investigated and the theoretical prediction model of the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of Cu/Mo/Cu clad sheets was established successfully.The results show that the deformation of Cu and Mo layers was gradually coherent with an increase in rolling reduction and temperature and excellent interface bonding was achieved under the condition of a large rolling reduction.The development of the microstructure and texture through the thickness of Cu and Mo layers was inhomogeneous.This phenomenon can be attributed to the friction between the roller and sheet surface and the uncoordinated deformation between Cu and Mo.The tensile strength of the clad sheets increased with increasing rolling reduction and the elongation was gradually decreased.The CTE of Cu/Mo/Cu clad sheets was related to the volume fraction of Mo.The finite element method can simulate the deformation and stress distribution during the thermal expansion process.The simulation result indicates that the terminal face of the clad sheets was sunken inward.

Characterization of W80Cu20 alloy sheet prepared by hot-rolling

Multi-pass hot-rolling technique was used to fabricate W80Cu20 alloy,and its properties were characterized in this paper.Results show that the W-Cu alloy sheets with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a relative density of99.87%can be successfully made using this new technique at 800℃.In hot-rolling process,Cu phases are closely surrounded by W particles under the rolling stress to form a network microstructure,thus making significant increase in electrical and thermal conductivity up to53.00%and 24.44%,respectively.Transverse and longitudinal hardness of the W–Cu sheets significantly increase due to the enhanced densification and deformation strength.Similar to that of the raw materials,three fracture types were observed in the hot-rolled materials,i.e.,ductile fracture of Cu binding phases,trans-granular fracture of W phases,and W–W interfacial fracture.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ABOUT STRESS AND STRAIN OF SURFACE PEELING IN Cu-Fe-P SHEET

The microstructure of surface peeling in finish rolled Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P sheetis analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope. Fe-rich areas ofdifferent contents are observed in the matrix. The stress distributions and strain characteristicsat the interface between Cu matrix and Fe particle are studied by elastic-plastic finite elementplane strain model. Larger Fe particles and higher deforming extent of finish rolling are attributedto the intense stress gradient and significant non-homogeneity equivalent strain at the interfaceand accelerate surface peeling of Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P lead frame sheet.

Effect of Mg on microstructures and properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminium alloys for automotive body sheets

The effects of variation of Mg content on microstructures, the tensile properties and the formability of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys for automotive body sheets were investigated by means of scan electron microscopy, optical metallographic analysis, tensile and Ericsson tests. The results show that for Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminium alloys with excessive Si, with an increment of Mg content, the strength enhances, the specific elongation and Erisson values of alloys decrease, and the number of Mg2Si constituent increases and that of Al（MnFe）Si type constituents reduces. Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminium alloys with excessive Si for automotive body sheets can present obviously the paint bake hardenability during the paint bake cycle （i.e. artificial aging at 170 ℃ for 30 min immediately after the solution treatment and quenching）. Suitable Mg content should be controlled in the range of 0.8% and 1.2%（mass fraction）.

电磁场对水平双辊铸轧Ti/Al/Cu复合板界面结合强度的影响

利用水平双辊铸轧技术制备Ti/Al/Cu复合板,通过在铸轧过程中施加脉冲电场和电磁振荡场,研究不同外场对铸轧复合板界面结合强度的影响。结果表明:电磁场对铸轧过程的稳定性没有影响。施加脉冲电场和电磁振荡场后,Ti/Al界面和Cu/Al界面的扩散层厚度增加,界面结合强度显著提高。施加电磁振荡场后,在铸轧区的液穴内产生交变的电磁体积力。在电磁体积力的作用下,铝熔体内部产生震荡效应并对金属带表面进行冲刷,使金属带表面新形成的晶核脱离。此外,震荡效应使得金属带与铝熔体接触处的温度梯度降低,凝固速度减慢从而延长固-液接触时间。这些作用使得熔体在金属带表面铺展湿润更加充分,促进了原子间的互扩散,从而产生了更多的冶金结合区域并增大了冶金结合的强度。

Research and application on the automatic measuring device for testing transverse thickness difference of cold-rolling steel sheet

Many advanced technologies have been applied in developing the automatic measuring device for testing transverse thickness difference of cold-rolling steel sheet,such as the technologies of automatic control,sensor measurement,marking identification,photographic location,computer application and information transmission.This measuring device can measure the transverse thickness difference of the steel plate accurately and quickly,with a high detection level of automation.It is an effective detection equipment for transverse thickness control of steel plate.Horizontal width of steel plate measuring 0.8-1.4 m, horizontal measurement point positioning accuracy±0.02 mm,thickness range 0.2-2.0 mm, measurement accuracy within±1μm.

On the Relation of Grain Orientation and Opening Crack of an Al-Cu-Mg Sheet

In this paper, the orientation of grains which adjacent to a developed opening crack was investigated by EBSD. A definition of θ has been came up with which represents the angle between the principal stress plane and each plane of the grains. Smaller θ means easier to crack. It gave a good explanation of the crack propagation throughout the grains. It also revealed that propagation path is along with the plane. This finding will give a prediction of tear properties and help us understanding the cracking mechanism and the behavior of tearing.

Mn对Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金车身板组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸和埃里克森实验以及扫描电镜/能谱、透射电镜和金相分析,研究Mn的质量分数对Al Mg Si Cu铝合金汽车板显微组织、力学性能和成形性的影响·研究表明,随Mn质量分数增加,Al Mg Si Cu汽车板铝合金不可溶结晶相及弥散相粒子数量均增加,不可溶结晶相使合金组织纤维化对板材冲压成形性不利,弥散相粒子阻碍再结晶晶粒长大;提高Mn的质量分数,Al Mg Si Cu汽车板铝合金的强度增加,但延伸率和冲压成形性降低·

冷轧Cu板动态压缩力学性能各向异性的研究

利用Instron电子拉伸机和Split-Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)实验装置,研究了准静态和动态压缩条件下冷轧和退火Cu板法向、轧向、横向的力学性能.不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线表明:冷轧和退火Cu板的流变应力均随应变率的增加而增加,表现出明显的应变率强化效应.冷轧Cu板准静态和动态压缩力学性能均呈现明显的各向异性:横向屈服强度最大,轧向最小,且低应变程度下的流变应力也具有同样规律.退火Cu板呈现近似各向同性.考虑准静态和动态变形时可能的塑性变形机制,基于微观晶体塑性变形理论的Taylor模型可定性地解释冷轧Cu板压缩力学性能的各向异性.

微量元素Sr对Al-Mg-Si-Cu基合金车身板腐蚀性能的影响

采用全浸腐蚀实验、盐雾实验和电化学实验研究了微量元素Sr对AlMgSiCu合金车身板腐蚀性能的影响。全浸腐蚀实验结果表明合金加入Sr后,其质量损失速度由2.76mg/(h·cm2)降为1.39mg/(h·cm2),盐雾实验结果表明合金加入Sr后,其质量损失速度由8.56×10-3mg/(h·cm2)降为5.90×10-3mg/(h·cm2),Sr可以明显减缓合金的腐蚀速度。电化学实验结果表明合金加入Sr后,合金稳定电位较负,稳定时间长,合金钝化区较短,腐蚀电位φcorr更负,且腐蚀电流密度较小。

电子封装用Cu/Mo/Cu复合材料的工艺研究

研究了浸涂助复剂(铝基合金)和室温轧制工艺对Cu/Mo/Cu复合界面结合强度的影响,简述了Cu/Mo/Cu复合板室温轧制成形工艺过程,详细分析了表面和界面清理、初道次轧制临界变形率及热处理工艺等因素对复合板结合强度的影响。实验结果得出,钼板浸涂Al-Mn-Zn-Sn合金助复剂后的热处理温度为800￣850℃;初道次轧制变形率为45%最佳;复合轧制后合适的退火工艺为450℃,保温60min。

Cu含量对Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn薄板成形性及烤漆硬化性的影响

采用拉伸、杯突实验结合DSC分析系统研究了Cu含量对汽车车身用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-（0.1-0.7）Cu-0.6Mn合金T4态薄板各类成形性指标及模拟烤漆处理后性能变化的影响规律.结果表明：随着Cu含量增加,T4态合金板材的强度单调增大,n值呈现出略有增大的趋势,延伸率、r值变化规律不明显,IE值单调下降,板材的拉胀成形性能变差;随着Cu含量增加,T4态合金板材烤漆前后的强度均单调增大,但合金板材模拟烤漆后表现出烤漆软化现象,且其软化量随Cu含量增加而逐渐增大,说明Cu含量增加不利于铝板烘烤硬化性能的发挥.

薄膜厚度对Cu膜光电性能的影响

在室温条件下,用直流磁控溅射Cu靶制备出了不同厚度的Cu膜,测量了Cu膜的光学透过率和面电阻,分析了光电性质薄膜厚度的变化情况.实验结果表明,随着Cu膜厚度的增加,其光学透过率逐渐减小,透过率在波长为580 nm处出现峰值.Cu膜的面电阻随薄膜厚度的增加先急剧减小,然后减小变得缓慢,最后趋于定值.理论模拟了Cu膜的光学透过率随薄膜厚度的变化和光学透过率随入射光波长的变化,理论模拟结果与实验结果吻合.