Research on Simulation Methods of Electric Field Intensity on Surface of 10 kV Cable Joint

The electric field intensity (EFI) is important characteristic quantity for evaluating the internal insulation state of cable joints. Based on finite element method, this paper proposes two EFI research methods, field-circuit coupling method and equivalent circuit method. The average EFI of the inner surface of the outer semi-conducting shield can be calculated from the current in the measuring circuit. The relative error between these two methods is about 15%, which roughly proves the consistency of the two methods. Further practical application research enables online monitoring of cable joints.

Analysis of the Superconducting Cable Transposition in Low Resistance CICC Joint

In an integrated structure low resistance CICC joint, current is conducted by outer cable strands coming into touch with the conductive Cu sole. So it is an important condition for satisfying joint performance that each strand of the cable inside the joint is able to come to the outermost by transposition. This paper presents analysis, calculation and figures for the strand transposition. According to the twist procedures of the superconducting cable, the author computed the actual pitch of each stage cable, consecutively computed the projection of each stage cable on the axis of the cable (z axis) and the corresponding twist angle as the z coordinate changes, which is then drawn by AutoCAD. From the results shown in the figures, the minimal cable length, which enables each strand to transpose almost equally to the outermost of the cable in such a length, call be determined as the optimal joint length.

Nonlinear Switching Transient Field Simulation of Cable Joint without Residual Charge

The analysis of the impulse voltage on the internal electric field of the cable joint plays a key role in studying the breakdown of the joint. Based on the finite element method, a three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation model of the cable joint is established in this paper. Simulation results show that the voltage at the head of the cable joint reaches about twice the impulse voltage. The increase of the conductivity of semi-conductive material also leads to the increase of electric field intensity. Then, several points and curves at different positions are selected for further analysis in this paper. Among them, the electric field distortion at the edge of the high voltage shield is the most serious and the electric field in the air gap is the least.

Numerical Modeling of a Spar Platform Tethered by a Mooring Cable

Virtual simulation is an economical and efficient method in mechanical system design. Numerical modeling of a spar platform, tethered by a mooring cable with a spherical joint is developed for the dynamic simulation of the floating structure in ocean. The geometry modeling of the spar is created using finite element methods. The submerged part of the spar bears the buoyancy, hydrodynamic drag force, and effect of the added mass and Froude-Krylov force. Strip theory is used to sum up the forces acting on the elements. The geometry modeling of the cable is established based on the lumped-mass-and-spring modeling through which the cable is divided into 10 elements. A new element-fixed local frame is used, which is created by the element orientation vector and relative velocity of the fluid, to express the loads acting on the cable. The bottom of the cable is fixed on the seabed by spring forces, while the top of the cable is connected to the bottom of the spar platform by a modified spherical joint. This system suffers the propagating wave and current in the X-direction and the linear wave theory is applied for setting of the propagating wave. Based on the numerical modeling, the displacement-load relationships are analyzed, and the simulation results of the numerical modeling are compared with those by the commercial simulation code, Proteus DS. The comparison indicates that the numerical modeling of the spar platform tethered by a mooring cable is well developed, which provides an instruction for the optimization of a floating structure tethered by a mooring cable system.

Test analysis of stress characteristics on reinforcing rock slope with group anchorage cable

To research the reinforcement effect of a rock slope with group anchorage cablesand the stress characteristics of pre-stressed anchorage cables in the fractured surface,the rock slope calculated model of a wedge block within the double-slide face wasestablished by using the finite difference software according to the actual slope projectcombined with indoor model test.The pre-stress loss rule of the anchorage cable andthe distribution of axial force and the force-transferring mechanism of the anchorage cablewere analyzed during simulation.Also, based on the displacement contour and thesafety factor of the calculated results, the quantitative analysis for the reinforcement effectof the rock slope with group pre-stressed anchorage cable was discovered.The resultscomputed by the software conform with the data in the experiment, which canprove the effectiveness and correctness of parameter selection and model building.

Cable-pin系统和克氏针张力带治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折临床分析

目的探讨尺骨鹰嘴骨折治疗中Cable-pin系统和克氏针张力带(tension band wiring,TBW)两种内固定方法的临床效果。方法尺骨鹰嘴骨折病人36例,根据所使用内固定种类的不同分为Cable-pin系统治疗的Cable-pin组(19例)和克氏针张力带治疗的TBW组(17例),对每组病人术中情况、远期效果及并发症发生率等情况进行比较。结果所有病人均获随访,随访时间12~25个月,平均(13.00±4.68)个月。Cable-pin组在骨折愈合时间、术后优良率及并发症发生率分别为(12.2±2.3)周、78.9%和10.5%,TBW组分别为(16.0±2.2)周,58.8%和,35.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cable-pin组在手术出血量、术中耗时分别为(66.4±11.0)ml和1.5±0.6)小时,TBW组分别为(71.6±9.8)ml和(1.6±0.5)小时,两组比较比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折时,Cable-pin系统利于骨折愈合,固定可靠及并发率低。

Design and Manufacture of Full-Size Testing Joints for EAST

The conductors of both the toroidal field （TF） and poloidal field （PF） coils of EAST are NiTi cable-in-conduit conductors （CICCs）. The sizes of this type of CICC are 20.3 mm×20.3 mm and 18.5 mm×18.5 mm respectively. A relevant R＆D program has been carried out for three years at the Research and Manufacture Center （RMC） of the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （ASIPP） to acquire the manufacturing techniques and master the behavior of the testing joints. Based on the experience gained from the manufacture and test of a sub-cable joint, three kinds of joints were made. The final design was determined after carefully evaluating their simple mechanism, good cooling line, lower AC loss and resistance, compact size, and convenience for manufacture and on-site assembly. Two steps were developed to carry out the final joint. The first step was forming the terminals＇ super conductors. The second step was clamping the two terminals together to ensure their good contact with the copper conductor sole. The two terminals could be connected in different directions to get two kinds of conductor connections. A hydraulic instrument was developed to impact the terminals. It could impact the terminals in high accuracy in terms of their size and shape. The cross section of the terminal was tried in circular and an elliptic shape. Five full-size joints were made according to the design and then tested. When they were tested in bathing cold condition, their resistance was from 2 nΩ to 4 nΩ The latest joint was tested in real working conditions where the resistance varied from 2 nΩ to 12 nΩ, depending on the testing current ranging from 2 kA to 10 kA.

基于LSTM的高压输电电缆接头异常预警系统设计

高压输电电缆接头异常预警容易受到谐波电流影响,导致预警效果不佳,为此设计了基于LSTM的高压输电电缆接头异常预警系统。检测高压输电电缆接头异常电流谐波,获取电缆接头介质状态。设计CC2430微处理器预警模块,负责处理预警区域内电流数据。构建接地线电流检测模块,负责评估电缆接头异常。构建LSTM神经网络预警模型,对比分析实时状态与模型中检测点状态,获取当前电缆接头状态的预测值。采用移动平均技术分析电流数据的整体变化走向,判断电流预测数据与阈值关系,根据系统指示灯颜色区分异常等级。由实验结果可知,该系统电流数值最大值为125 A,变化曲线与实际曲线一致,说明该系统的预警效果较好。

配电电缆中受潮接头的阻抗特性及其检测方法研究

电缆接头是电力电缆中最脆弱的部位,接头受潮是中压交联电缆的常见缺陷,如果未能及时得到修复,将导致电缆过早失效。文章围绕中间接头受潮后的阻抗特性及其检测方法开展研究,阐述了波在电缆中传播的折反射现象,以时域反射法的理论知识为基础,在CST(computer simulation technology)Studio Suite中建立了10 kV冷缩式中间接头的三维单芯模型,对中间接头不同程度进水情况下的阻抗特性和反射波形进行研究;在实验室10 kV交联聚乙烯电缆中间部位的电缆接头上制作进水缺陷,分别进行电缆接头S参数测量和时域脉冲反射实验。最后,分析和比较了电缆受潮接头的阻抗特性仿真和实验结果,证明了使用时域脉冲反射技术对受潮电缆中间接头进行受潮诊断的可行性和有效性。

斜拉桥V形钢塔-混凝土基座结合构造方式比选

某人行景观桥为空间异型钢塔斜拉桥,主塔中2根箱型钢柱在四棱台混凝土基座上方交汇呈非对称V形,钢柱轴线与其底端钢-混连接面不垂直,基座尺寸严格受制于河道防洪要求,使塔根-基座结合部构造方式设计具有挑战性。按照造价相当的标准初步拟定3种结合方案,采用ABAQUS软件分别建立相应的有限元模型,选取塔底支座反力中平面内外弯矩绝对值相加最大的组合进行模拟计算及其结果比较和对标检验。研究结果表明:承压-传剪组合式结合部可以大幅度减小桥塔根部、基座及其中锚箱的应力,使其合理满足相关规范要求。就塔根最大位移和应力幅而言,均为传剪式最大、组合式最小。组合式方案中承压板厚度较承压式减小1/3,应力虽有上升却未超限,材料利用率提高。承压式、特别是传剪式构造方案中,混凝土基座最大主拉应力远超规范限值,无法满足抗裂要求。传剪式方案中锚箱钢板Mises应力也超限22%,且与其竖向压应力和混凝土主拉应力的最大值处于同一位置。传剪式方案不适用的原因是,锚箱中侧面竖板间距太小,矩形板与柱壁连接屈从于不利构造特点,形成大转折。无论应力大小还是变形控制,组合式方案都值得优先选择。研究成果直接服务于本工程,对类似工程也有一定的参考价值。

带悬臂的张弦梁拉索-支座节点力学性能研究

为得到带悬臂的张弦梁拉索-支座复杂节点在不同工况下的力学性能变化规律,以及在设计荷载组合下的破坏模式,结合某大跨度张弦梁实际工程,通过建立多尺度有限元模型以及现场试验的方法研究了该节点在张拉过程中的应力、应变分布特征;通过局部节点有限元分析得到了节点的极限承载能力及破坏模式;并针对其受力特征对节点构造及壁厚进行优化。结果表明在施工及使用阶段,该节点应力均处于弹性范围内,满足力学性能要求;节点的破坏荷载约为设计荷载组合的3.2倍,破坏模式为耳板上拉索孔区域受拉破坏;优化后节点的应力分布更加均匀且合理,承载能力提高。

基于有限元法的谐波作用对电缆及其接头的影响研究

现有关于电缆及其接头温度的研究大多按照基波情况考虑,大量非线性负载的使用使输电线路中的谐波含量显著增加,谐波对电缆及其接头附加损耗与温升的影响不容忽视。文中以64/110 kV单芯电缆及预制式电缆接头为例,建立了电缆及其接头的有限元仿真模型,基于电磁-热耦合法,分析了谐波含量与谐波次数对电缆及其接头的影响,并引入等效电流因数,实现多次谐波共存环境下对电缆发热损耗及温度的快速计算。仿真结果表明:谐波含量与谐波次数均会影响电缆的损耗及温度,谐波可能导致电缆接头在压接钳处形成过热点,加速绝缘老化;引入等效电流因数法在估算多次谐波共存环境下的电缆温度具有较高精度。该研究对谐波环境下电缆及其接头的设计、运行温度预测及热老化寿命评估提供了依据。

潮湿环境下中压电缆接头早期故障的演变规律及特性

由于目前缺乏对电缆接头早期故障演变过程的研究,为此根据实际运行场景设计了潮湿环境下的电缆接头早期故障模拟试验,得到不同放电次数下的电缆接头早期故障电流变化规律、绝缘损伤、气隙内积水位移等特征,分析早期故障演变过程,并根据故障时的电极构成特征将早期故障分为第1、第2阶段,提出了早期故障2个阶段各自的特征。在此基础上建立了电弧位置固定时的早期故障仿真模型,仿真分析了电弧温度的变化、固体绝缘部分的高温区域形成以及电弧区域的热量散失等现象。综合试验与仿真结果认为,移动位置电弧与重燃电弧共同构成早期故障的第1阶段。当电弧位置临近接头接地点,早期故障将进入第2阶段。当闪络痕迹贯穿绝缘表面时,将形成永久性故障。该研究结果为早期故障特征识别与监测提供了理论支撑。

基于磁感应联合加热的高压海缆工厂接头制备技术

目前国内外电缆厂家制备工厂接头多采用经典模具单向加热技术(简称单向加热),虽然部分厂家已对磁感应联合加热技术(简称联合加热)进行应用,但对接头处的温度分布与绝缘性能研究甚少。该文对联合加热与单向加热进行电磁-热仿真计算,根据仿真策略进行试验,并取试样进行界面观测,且对电学性能、交联程度与力学拉伸性能进行对比测试。研究结果表明,通过仿真分析,联合加热中感应线圈向接头区域传递的热流密度远高于金属模具,将预热-交联阶段耗时由单向加热的10 h降低至3 h 20 min,显著提高了加热效率,并使加热区域达到合理温度范围;在联合加热中,与单向加热相比,本体绝缘与恢复绝缘之间的过渡区域宽度明显下降,熔合纹界面质地有所提升,过渡区域绝缘电树枝起始电压升高,在0.2 MPa条件下,过渡区域绝缘热延伸伸长率明显下降,且过渡区域绝缘的力学拉伸性能有所提升。联合加热中,过渡区域绝缘的界面质地、电学性能、交联程度与力学拉伸性能均有所提高的关键性因素是过渡区域绝缘界面的融合性相比于单向加热有所提升。

三芯电缆中间接头压接缺陷多物理场及温度梯度场分析

为解决传统电缆中间接头压接缺陷识别温度敏感性差、环境影响因素多、设备检测精度低等问题,提出了一种基于温度梯度矢量分析的电缆中间接头缺陷识别方法。通过对10 kV三芯电缆开展多场耦合计算,采用矢量分析方法获得了电缆中间接头的温度梯度场和热流密度分布矢量图,形成了电缆中间接头温度梯度场分布规律。结果表明:电缆中间接头表面温度梯度主要受x方向(电缆径向)温度梯度的影响;正常接头表面温度变化率不超过16.6%,其表面温度梯度变化率达49.8%;缺陷接头表面温度变化率不超过21.8%,其表面温度梯度变化率达57.8%,温度梯度场相较温度场有更高的检测灵敏度。开展电缆中间接头温度梯度场分析研究,对电缆接头致热型缺陷运维效率提升有积极意义。

高压电缆接头防爆保护装置的泄能孔优化设计方法

金属型高压防爆保护装置的泄能孔设计是实现其防爆功能的关键。本文提出了金属型高压电缆接头防爆保护装置泄能孔的设计原则和优化方法;通过热源等效和基于多物理场耦合的有限元计算方法,对保护装置内部发生短路电弧的爆炸时装置内部冲击过程进行仿真计算,并通过燃弧试验验证了仿真方法的准确性和可靠性。通过仿真计算出封闭设备泄压面积计算公式的关键参数,得到泄能孔开口尺寸的阈值;仿真了装置内部短路电弧爆炸时最大气压出现时刻以及该时刻下不同泄能孔尺寸所对应的保护装置内壁上的压强分布,得到保护装置内部最大压强与泄能孔开口尺寸的函数关系,进而得到保护装置的泄能孔最优开口尺寸。以35 kV电压等级为例,计算得到金属型保护装置的泄能孔尺寸为60 mm。该优化设计方法可为35 kV及以上电压等级的高压电缆接头保护装置的泄能孔设计和制造提供理论基础和设计方法。

计及硅橡胶应力松弛的电缆接头界面压力演变仿真研究

高压电缆中间接头的电气性能与其硅橡胶-交联聚乙烯界面压力的大小密切相关。为探究实际电缆接头界面压力的演变规律,开展了考虑老化过程中硅橡胶应力松弛现象的220 kV电缆中间接头界面压力仿真研究。首先综合电缆接头处物理场特点建立有限元模型,确定了电缆中间接头硅橡胶-交联聚乙烯界面的初始压力分布情况;其次通过力学理论计算的解析解以及预置压力传感器的实测结果对有限元分析结果进行验证;之后结合硅橡胶的热机械老化实验结果,提出一种将老化过程中硅橡胶应力松弛转化为过盈量变化的方法,得到了考虑老化过程中应力松弛与弹性模量变化的多参量有限元分析方法,并成功应用于电缆中间接头绝缘硅橡胶-交联聚乙烯界面压力的分析。分析认为,硅橡胶的老化同时导致应力松弛和弹性模量增大。综合考虑弹性模量和应力松弛的仿真结果表明:对中间接头硅橡胶在100℃、125℃、150℃下分别经过2040 h、1680 h、1200 h热机械老化后,界面压力从0.156 MPa分别下降到0.129 MPa、0.125 MPa、0.107 MPa。这说明应力松弛对于界面压力的影响更显著,界面压力随着老化时间的增加而下降,同时温度升高会显著加快中间接头界面压力的衰减过程。该文研究结果可为提升电缆中间接头设计与运行可靠性提供理论依据。

混合梁斜拉桥微膨胀UHPC灌注钢混结合段的时变效应

为明确微膨胀超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High-Performance Concrete,UHPC)灌注材料的收缩徐变对混合梁斜拉桥钢混结合段长期性能的影响,以湖北武穴长江公路大桥为工程背景,开展材性试验与结构反应实测。基于一种全桥杆系+局部空间网格的多尺度有限元建模方法,对不同灌注材料收缩徐变下钢混结合段的时变效应进行分析研究。研究结果表明:实桥所采用的微膨胀UHPC在测试龄期内膨胀应变呈现出先增后减且始终保持膨胀的趋势,在约5 d龄期时达到最大膨胀应变292.6με,至1 080 d时为83.8με;徐变系数在前50 d龄期内增长较快,至1 080 d时为1.63。灌注材料的收缩可在结合段内部产生显著的次应力,表现为内填混凝土的拉应力和钢格室的压应力;徐变则会导致混凝土应力松弛而使一部分恒载压应力向钢结构转移。运营20 a后,钢混结合段内填普通混凝土存在较高的开裂风险。未作收缩控制的普通UHPC虽亦出现拉应力,但未超过其抗拉强度,抗裂安全系数仍可达到1.5以上。而微膨胀UHPC处于受压状态,不存在开裂问题。微膨胀UHPC的应用,既可改善内填混凝土的抗裂性能,又有助于常规钢混结合段的结构优化,大幅减少材料用量和结构自重。

马鞍山长江公铁大桥Z3号桥塔施工关键技术

巢马城际铁路马鞍山长江公铁大桥主航道桥为(112+392+2×1120+392+112)m三塔钢桁梁斜拉桥,Z3号桥塔为超高多肢钢-混组合塔,高308 m。上塔柱钢结构高87.5 m,分13个吊装节段,最重505 t;中、下塔柱混凝土结构高217.5 m,分38个节段液压爬模施工;钢-混结合段高3 m,内部采用PBL键+剪力钉+高强度钢锚杆+高强度混凝土结构形式。在中塔柱设置钢管临时横撑控制塔柱线形及应力;下横梁采用落地支架法分层施工,与对应塔柱同步浇筑;钢-混结合段混凝土采用C60细石补偿收缩混凝土+高强度灌浆料,保证了混凝土施工质量;采用工厂“2+1”立体匹配制造、“提升站+运输栈桥”钢塔节段转运等技术,并研制15000 t•m超大型塔吊,实现了钢塔柱大节段的制造、整体滩地运输和吊装;钢塔节段间采用栓焊组合连接形式,通过设置工艺隔板、双面坡口等措施控制了钢塔焊接变形;利用定位桁架临时锁定钢塔合龙段实现了钢塔的精确合龙,定位桁架受力及变形均满足要求。