Enhanced Water Quality Control Based on Predictive Optimization for Smart Fish Farming

The requirement for high-quality seafood is a global challenge in today’s world due to climate change and natural resource limitations.Internet of Things(IoT)based Modern fish farming systems can significantly optimize seafood production by minimizing resource utilization and improving healthy fish production.This objective requires intensive monitoring,prediction,and control by optimizing leading factors that impact fish growth,including temperature,the potential of hydrogen(pH),water level,and feeding rate.This paper proposes the IoT based predictive optimization approach for efficient control and energy utilization in smart fish farming.The proposed fish farm control mechanism has a predictive optimization to deal with water quality control and efficient energy consumption problems.Fish farm indoor and outdoor values are applied to predict the water quality parameters,whereas a novel objective function is proposed to achieve an optimal fish growth environment based on predicted parameters.Fuzzy logic control is utilized to calculate control parameters for IoT actuators based on predictive optimal water quality parameters by minimizing energy consumption.To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed system,the overall approach has been deployed to the fish tank as a case study,and a number of experiments have been carried out.The results show that the predictive optimization module allowed the water quality parameters to be maintained at the optimal level with nearly 30%of energy efficiency at the maximum actuator control rate compared with other control levels.

Identification of Aquaculture-Derived Organic Matter in the Sediment Associated with Coastal Fish Farming by Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes

Abstract： Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was used to identify the aquaculture-derived organic matter in the sediment in and around a coastal fish farm in China. Results showed that mean δ13C value in fish farm area （within 1 O0 m from the edge of cages） and control area （500 m from the edge of cages） was -17.72±1.29/oo and -12.73± 0.380/00, respectively. Mean δ15N value of fish farm area and control area was 6.44 4±0.2%0 and 5.61 4±0.2%0, respectively. The sediment in the fish farm area was characterized by high waste food （47.70%） and faeces （27.71%） ratio, as the distance from the fish cages increased, aquaculture-derived organic matter decreased expontially （y = 97.167e-0.0074x, R2= 0.8481）. The spatial extent of waste dispersal extended to an area up to 400 m.

Logistic Regression Analysis on Factors Affecting Adoption of Rice-Fish Farming in North Iran

We evaluated the factors influencing the adoption of rice-fish farming in the Tavalesh region near the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. We conducted a survey with open-ended questions. Data were collected from 184 respondents （61 adopters and 123 non-adopters） randomly sampled from selected villages and analyzed using logistic regression and multi- response analysis. Family size, number of contacts with an extension agent, participation in extension-education activities, membership in social institutions and the presence of farm workers were the most important socio-economic factors for the adoption of rice-fish farming system. In addition, economic problems were the most common issue reported by adopters. Other issues such as lack of access to appropriate fish food, losses of fish, lack of access to high quality fish fingerlings and dehydration and poor water quality were also important to a number of farmers.

Characteristics, Constraints and Perspectives of the Fish Farming in Burundi

The fish farming was introduced in Burundi in about 1950s. Actually, several fish ponds were abandoned and many others were still unproductive. This study aims to present current state and perspectives of the fish farming for its real contribution to the socio-economic development. The results presented are compilation of physical and chemical parameters series measured in fish ponds and inquiries led in 2010-2014 to the fish farmers in seven provinces （40% of the total area of the country）. Weak values of some physical and chemical parameters showed that the majority of ponds are badly maintained. Thus, the dissolved oxygen values varied between 0.2 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L. The high relinquishment rate of the fish fanning （between 40% and 67% according to the provinces） could be explained by many constraints： no centers of fish farming breeding for various fish species and no production center of complete foods with local sub-products. About 75% of fish famers confirmed that they have never benefited framing in fish fanning. In spite of the diverse constraints, Burundi has a dense rivers system with favorable physical and chemical parameters and many appropriate sites for the fish farming. Thus, the main suggestions concern the sector reorganization.

Integration of Fish and Poultry Farming into Cropping Systems to Improve Production Yields

This study aims to evaluate and compare the fertilizing effects of fish-breeding water and river water combined or not with composted poultry manure on the growth and production of okra and lettuce crops. Thus, a sample of 2000 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry and a sample of 100 Cobb 500 strain chicks were reared and monitored for six months and fifteen days. Poultry manure and fish-breeding water were then collected and used to fertilize and water okra and lettuce crops. Two systems were used for the crops (okra and lettuce) tested in an elementary plot design with replicates for each treatment (T1: fish-breeding water alone;T2: river water alone;T3: fish-breeding water combined with manure;T4: river water combined with manure). Morphometric parameters and phenological traits of okra and lettuce crops as well as the total harvest weight and production yield were evaluated and compared between treatments. The results reveal better growth and higher yields (0.67 kg/m2 vs. 0.45 kg/m2) of okra crops that received treatment T1 compared to T2. The best growth and yields of lettuce were obtained with treatments T3 (3.34 kg/m2) and T1 (1.89 kg/m2) compared to T4 (1.23 kg/m2) and T2 (1.20 kg/m2). These results show that fish-breeding water combined with poultry manure can boost okra and lettuce production and would be a real asset to stimulate local agricultural development. Thus, the adoption of such an agro-ecological approach integrating fish farming and animal husbandry could increase local production and provide food of good nutritional quality.

The Influence of Land Use and Fish Farming on the Contents of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺and Na⁺in Pond and Reservoir Ecosystems in an Agricultural Small Watershed, China

It is not understood well that how the effects of land use and fish farming on the contents of alkali metals (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) in small water bodies of pond and reservoir ecosystems at the watershed scale. In this study, the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ in water bodies were measured for 103 ponds and reservoirs used as fish farming or surrounded by different agricultural land use types in the subtropical hilly watershed of Jinjing (105 km2), China. The two important environmental factors of fishing farming and agricultural land use influenced the spatial variation the contents of alkali metals. The ponds and reservoirs in residential area had significantly higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+ than those with other land use types, reflecting the influence of domestic wastewater. Compared with those of natural ponds with non-fish farming, no significant increase of alkali metal contents occurred in fish farming ponds, due to the regular cleaning of ponds by farmers. However, the effect of fish culture on alkali metal contents was still supported indirectly by the fact that the alkali metal contents significantly correlated with nitrate contents in fish farming ponds and but high related with that of DIP in natural ponds. The suitability assessment for irrigation on the pond water indicated that almost all of ponds were suitable for irrigation except some ponds surrounded by residential area and tea plantation. Generally, our results demonstrated that fish farming and agricultural land use affected the contents of alkali metals in ponds and reservoirs. The agricultural water irrigation would be with caution from the ponds with tea plantation and residential area in the subtropical hilly watershed.

Fish Farming Boost

AFRICAN fish farmers are benefiting from improved livelihoods and a better food security status, thanks to the introduction of two strains of improved Nile tilapia in Egypt and Ghana. This follows 10 years of breeding research, culminating in the introduction of the Abbasa strain of the Nile tilapia （Oreochroml：s nlToticus） in Egypt. The species is indigenous to much of Africa. It grows 28 percent faster than most of the common varieties in Egypt, such as the Kafr El Shaikh strain. The second new tilapia Akosombo strain,

Problems and prospects of fish farming in the Chattogram Hill Tracts of Bangladesh:Community-based aquaculture might be a right choice

The study was carried out in Matiranga Upazila,Bandarban district,which is considered one of Bangladesh’s major hill tract regions.The study aimed to identify present farming conditions,prospects,and problems and suitable solutions to the problems of fish farming.Different participatory rapid appraisal tools such as focus group discussion,field visits,and farmers’interviews were used to collect relevant fish farming information in the study area.The polyculture method was the most practised aquaculture method.Among the selected farms,eleven fish species were identified as culture species.The transportation cost for seeds purchased from remote areas was high(11%of total seed cost).The average transportation-related mortality of fish fry and fingerlings was 7.2%and 2.8%.Feed cost was found as the major cost(58.4%)in aquaculture.Costs and revenue for fish production per decimal varied from BDT 311 to 3528 and BDT 23 to 1268.Utilization of vacant lake,youth and women engagement,integrated aquaculture,the desire of people to engage in aquaculture,and available human resources were found as significant prospects.The major problems identified were lack of hatchery,high feed cost,lack of stakeholder linkage,lack of capital for fish farming,and lack of proper knowledge,guidelines,and consultancy for fish culture.A community-based aquaculture model was proposed to overcome the present challenges and problems in the study area.The model may help to expand aquaculture and thus improve the livelihood and socio-economic status of the people of the hilly areas of Bangladesh.

Wave and Current Effects on Floating Fish Farms

The paper is partly a review on hydrodynamic and structural aspects of fish farms. In addition, new numerical results are presented on the stochastic behavior of bending stresses in the floater of a realistic net cage in extreme wave conditions. The behavior of traditional-type fish farms with net cages and closed fish farms in waves and currents is discussed. Hydroelasticity can play a significant role for net cages and closed membrane-type fish farms. The many meshes in a net cage make CFD and complete structural modeling impracticable. As an example, a hydrodynamic screen model and structural truss elements are instead used to represent the hydrodynamic loading and the structural deformation of the net. In addition, the wake inside the net due to current plays an important role. The described simplified numerical method has been validated by comparing with model tests of mooring loads on a single net cage with two circular elastic floaters and bottom weight ring in waves and currents. It is discussed which parts of the complete system play the most important roles in accurately determining the mooring loads. Many realizations of a sea state are needed to obtain reliable estimates of extreme values in a stochastic sea. In reality, many net cages operate in close vicinity, which raises questions about spatial variations of the current and wave environment as well as hydrodynamic interaction between the net cages. Live fish touching the netting can have a non-negligible influence on the mooring loads. It is demonstrated by numerical calculations in waves and currents that a well boat at a net cage can have a significant influence on the mooring loads and the bending stresses in the floater. The latter results provide a rational way to obtain operational limits for a well boat at a fish farm. Sloshing has to be accounted for in describing the behavior of a closed fish farm when important wave frequencies are in the vicinity of natural sloshing frequencies. The structural flexibility has to be considered in determining the natural sloshing frequencies for a membrane-type closed fish farm. Free-surface non-linearities can matter for sloshing and can, for instance,result in swirling in a certain frequency domain for a closed cage with a vertical symmetry axis.

Sustainable Mangement of Drainage Water of Fish Farms in Agriculture as a New Source for Irrigation and Bio-Source for Fertilizing

Two field experiments were carried out during growing seasons 2011 and 2012. It was executed in research farm of National Research Center in Nubaryia region, Egypt to study the effect of irrigation systems, fertigation rates by using the wastewater of fish farms “WWFF” in irrigation of potato. Study factors were irrigation systems (sprinkler irrigation system “SIS” and trickle irrigation system “TIS”), water quality (traditional irrigation water “TIW” and WWFF) and fertigation rates “FR” (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% NPK). The following parameters were studied to evaluate the effect of study factors: 1) Calculating the total amount of WWFF per season;2) Chemical and biological description of WWFF;3) Clogging ratio of emitters;4) Yield of potato;5) Irrigation water use efficiency of potato “IWUEpotato”. Statistical analysis indicated that, maximum values were obtained of yield under SIS × FR100% NPK × WWFF, also, there were no significant differences for yield values under the following conditions: SIS × FR100% NPK × WWFF > SIS × FR80% NPK × WWFF > SIS × FR60% NPK × WWFF > TIS × FR100% NPK × TIW. This means that, using WWFF in the irrigation can save at least 40% from mineral fertilizers and 100% from irrigation water under sprinkler irrigation system.

Effect of Socio-Economic Variables on Fish Production of Small Farmers in Tocantins State, Brazil

Fish farming is a strategic activity for both the economy and food security of the Tocantins state. Nowadays, there are about eighty small fish farmers in the region of Divin6polis in Tocantins state. The technological level of fish farmers is low and it was found that only 30% of farmers could ever get to the point of selling fish. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate which socioeconomic factors have influence on the fact of fish farmers in the region of Divin6polis and in Tocantins state reach a level of efficiency in production enough that the fish can be good for sale in the local market. To estimate this relation the logit model was chosen, with methodology based on the empirical model used in Musaba and Namukwambi. Following the production of fish farms in the Western of Tocantins state, the collect of the data, during 2012, were conduct with interviews of 30 fish farms, visiting them in their homes and applying a questionnaire. Through the use of econometric models of probability for limited dependent variables, it was found that factors such as participation in federal programs to transfer income, total area of water and production in ponds are key factors in determining the likelihood of producer to sell fish.

AQUAM——A Decision Support Software for Fish Farm Management

farm is presented.The software called AQUAM is dedicated to fresh water fish farms.Its aim is to make an efficient management of resources through planning,monitoring,analysis and decision support.Successful planning and management requires the integration of data related to ponds,fish species,fish growth,water and energy and economic analysis.AQUAM computes farm budgets relating various costs and returns in order to determine short and long term profitability.A simulation of the profit,as a function of the fish holding density,is performed with AQUAM.The data used in the simulation are from a fish farm of semi-intensive type,located in the region Danube Delta,at village Jurilovca,Tulcea county,Romania.The fish species that were taken into account were carp and sanger.

基于深度学习的鱼类养殖监测研究进展

鱼类养殖是通过人工方式在水中养殖各种鱼类的经济活动。鱼类养殖可以在淡水、海水或者盐碱水环境中进行,通过各种监测技术和设备来培育和管理鱼的生长和繁殖。传统的鱼类养殖监测方法存在效率低和准确性差等问题。近年来,基于深度学习的视觉技术的发展为鱼类养殖监测提供了新的解决方案。该文阐述了基于深度学习的视觉技术在鱼类养殖监测中的应用,并从鱼体测量、鱼类计数、鱼类摄食、鱼类游泳行为和鱼病诊断5个方面分别对研究进展进行梳理。在此基础上总结了鱼类养殖监测在数据采集与传输、建立鱼类养殖监测数据集、超规模参数模型、终端监测设备边缘计算、数字孪生、智能监测业务化应用不足等问题和展望,旨在为深度学习在鱼类养殖监测中的推广应用提供科学参考。

鱼菜循环式生态种养技术试验

为探索适合石家庄市鱼菜循环种养新模式,在3个大棚内进行了试验,试验池面积684 m^(2),养殖水体828 m^(3),建有蔬菜种植水槽2400 m^(2)。通过微流水集约化养殖、蔬菜无土栽培、尾水处理系统(硝化仓)达到鱼类养殖和蔬菜共作、水体循环利用。养殖试验实现单位鱼产量41.2 kg/m^(3),蔬菜年单位产量29.8 kg/m^(2),整个生产过程实现养殖用水循环利用和零排放。实践证明,这是一种高效、生态农业综合生产模式。

坑沟式“稻+鱼”综合种养模式的示范推广及存在问题分析——以广西三江侗族自治县为例

旨在促进稻鱼产业绿色高质高效发展,助推乡村产业振兴。对广西三江侗族自治县坑沟式“稻+鱼”综合种养模式示范推广及其存在的问题进行实地调查和分析研究。全县示范推广“稻+鱼”综合种养模式达5507 hm2,稻鱼总产值达2.9亿元,实现贫困人口年人均增收1000元以上。除“稻+鳖”“稻+鳅”综合种养模式水产品的净产值明显高于稻谷之外,坑沟式“优质稻+再生稻+鱼”“稻+螺”“稻+虾”综合种养模式水产品的净产值与稻谷相当。然而,在示范推广过程中,存在用工不足、产品附加值低、产业链稳定性差等问题。推广应用“稻+鱼”综合种养模式,可实现稻田纯收益翻番。加强培训指导、市场监管、技术创新、标准化生产和品牌打造等,是突破当地稻鱼产业高质量、可持续发展瓶颈的良策。

长江流域2种水产养殖模式的生命周期环境影响评价

本研究以长江流域内的池塘养殖和稻渔综合种养2种水产养殖模式为对象,应用生命周期评价方法,分析2种养殖模式对能源消耗(EU)、全球变暖潜势(GWP)、酸化潜势(AP)、富营养化潜势(EP)以及水资源消耗(WU)5种环境指标的影响,并探究2种主要输入因子(饲料和电力供应)和养殖过程对各环境指标的影响,从而评价2种养殖模式对环境影响的差异。生命周期评价结果标准化处理和加权评估显示,稻渔综合种养模式的WU、EP、GWP、AP和EU值分别为11.650、0.770、0.141、0.096和0.003,总环境影响指数(TEII)为12.660;池塘养殖模式的WU、EP、GWP、AP和EU值分别为31.453、1.187、0.210、0.174和0.007,TEII为33.031。与稻渔综合种养模式相比,池塘养殖模式的各项环境指标均较高。对环境影响的贡献率分析表明,饲料供应对EU、GWP和AP的贡献率最高,EP主要受饲料供应和养殖过程的共同影响,而WU主要集中在养殖过程中,电力供应主要影响EU、GWP和AP。生命周期评价的结果表明,与池塘养殖模式相比,稻渔综合种养模式显示出更友好的环境效益,在我国长江流域具有较大的发展空间。2种养殖模式的贡献率分析表明,改进饲料生产工艺、建立精准投喂技术、应用先进的尾水处理技术和适当提高养殖密度是我国长江流域水产养殖环境友好生产的关键。

水产养殖中水质与鱼类行为双向映射模型研究

在水产养殖中,水质参数与鱼类活动之间有着密不可分的相互映射关系。过去的监测更多偏向于单向映射,一般都是通过鱼类的行为表明水质的情况。针对仅仅通过鱼类行为反映水质情况会产生误判和滞后的问题,本文构建一种基于随机森林的鱼类行为与水质情况双向映射模型。双向映射模型不仅可以提供更多的信息从而提高预测的准确性,而且也可以通过相互验证提高模型的可靠性。首先,通过引入可变形卷积模块对YOLO v7进行改进,利用改进模型检测出视频中鱼类的位置再通过前后帧的坐标量化出鱼的游动参数。随后,将采集到的鱼类游动参数及对应的水质参数作为输入,使用随机森林模型进行分类、回归,分别完成鱼类游动参数和水质参数具体数值的预测以及指标异常级别的预测,从而得到双向映射关系。为了表明模型的泛化能力,分别在黎安港和新村港渔场2个数据集下进行实验。实验结果表明:提出的方法可以较好地实现鱼类行为与水质关系的双向映射,其中,分类实验平均准确率可以达到90.947%,回归实验决定系数R^(2)的平均值可以达到0.801。

CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在鱼类养殖应用的研究进展

随着生活水平的提高,人们对水产品的需求量也不断增加。鱼类养殖是水产养殖的重要组成部分,提高养殖鱼类的产量已成为当前亟待解决的问题。育种为提高养殖鱼类产量做出了重大贡献,为满足全球对优质蛋白日益增长的需求,亟需应用新技术加速育种进程,以进一步提升鱼类产量。基因编辑技术(包括ZFNs、TALLENS和CRISPR/Cas9)是目前加快遗传改良进程的重要工具,其中CRISPR/Cas9技术在编辑基因方面具有速度快、成本低、精度高等优点,因此在养殖鱼类基因编辑中的应用不断扩大。目前研究人员已对20多个鱼类养殖品种进行优良性状改良。文章总结了CRISPR/Cas9技术及其在鱼类养殖业中的应用及现状,并展望了未来的发展方向,以期为CRISPR/Cas9技术在鱼类养殖中的应用提供一定参考。

枸杞岛筏式贻贝养殖海域鱼类群聚特征

为探究筏式贻贝养殖生境鱼类资源养护功能,于2020年9-12月对枸杞岛筏式贻贝养殖生境(分表层区和底层区)及周边岩礁生境的鱼类进行了多网目组合刺网采样。应用相对重要性指数IRI、多样性指数并结合等级聚类、非度量多维标度排序(nMDS)分析鱼类组成和群落结构。结果显示,在2种生境中共采集鱼类55种,隶属于10目34科47属,其中贻贝养殖生境采集到37种(底层和表层分别为29和20种);岩礁生境共采集到40种。在鱼类组成上,中国花鲈和鲻是贻贝养殖生境表层区的典型优势种,而黄姑鱼和褐菖鲉是贻贝养殖生境底层区的典型优势种;褐菖鲉同时也是岩礁生境的典型优势种。多样性分析表明,贻贝养殖生境的总体鱼类多样性要高于岩礁生境,但尚不显著。多元分析显示,各月份2种生境中的鱼类群落格局均可分为3种类型,虽与养殖表层区、养殖底层区和岩礁区并非严格一致,但各群落间差异依然显著。研究表明,大规模筏式养殖设施的存在吸引了众多中上层鱼类及底层鱼类,也为岩礁生境优势鱼类提供了额外的栖息环境,发挥了近似于浮鱼礁系统的资源养护作用。研究结果可为岛礁海域海洋牧场目标种的选择和人工生境构建模式的应用提供重要参考。