Analysis of Economic and Socio-Environmental Indicators for Energy, Materials and Water Management and Proposal of Technologies and Alternatives for Sustainable Construction in Housing

The work presents technologies of materials,energy and water management that can be used for sustainable buildings,reducing costs and environmental impacts.The aim was to encourage the reduction of energy consumption,adequate water management and more sustainable material choices in new or existing buildings.For this,a diagnosis of existing technologies and alternatives was carried out in the first stage of the work.The second stage consisted of analyzing among the technologies and alternatives diagnosed from the methodology which can be applied in a fictitious case study of housing,its implementation and maintenance and viability analyzing,finally,environmental indicators,social and economic.The results showed that the best evaluated technologies/alternatives were in Energy:ventilation and natural light;in Water Management:double-action sanitary basin,flow restrictors,aerators with constant flow,and minicistern systems;and in Materials:bamboo,wood,soil-cement brick,earth,steel frame and wood frame,aggregate with ash from rice husks,aggregate with ash from sugarcane bagasse,glass,phase change materials,aggregate with residues of construction and demolition,Portland cement and cement with blast furnace slag;which can be used in the civil construction sector,and provide socio-environmental and economic benefits,encouraging new studies and its use for public/private buildings,aid in the elaboration of public policies to reduce costs and improve the quality of buildings.

Application of Anti-leakage Construction Technology in Housing Construction

With the continuous development and progress of the market economy,the number of building construction projects is increasing.In order to effectively improve the quality of housing construction projects,relevant departments must actively promote various quality supervision and management technologies in order to fundamentally improve the construction engineering technology.The monitoring effect to a certain extent achieves the sustainable development goals of the quality of construction projects.This paper combines the case to analyse the factors affecting the operation of anti-leakage construction technology in the construction project,and discusses the application path of technology in the construction of housing construction.

Life Cycle Assessment:Embedded and Maintenance Environmental Impacts of Social Interest Housing Construction Systems

Characterized by high consumption of natural resources and great generation of environmental impacts,civil construction becomes an important ally to the development of strategies for a more sustainable built environment.In this context,this article aims to evaluate construction systems of social interest housing and point out their participation in relation to total impacts,in addition to indicating the environmental impacts embedded in the construction materials present in these systems.To this end,a case study was selected to apply Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and assess impacts of the building materials used in a house of a social housing complex.LCA was applied to masonry,roof,coatings and floor systems.The scope adopted assesses impacts incorporated in construction materials,analyzing the stages of raw material extraction,materials production,transport to construction site,maintenance and materials replacement.Concerning life cycle inventory,Ecoinvent 3.6 database was used and environmental impacts were calculated using CML method with the aid of OpenLCA 1.9 software.In general,results showed that the maintenance phase has the greatest environmental impact participation related to analyzed systems.Furthermore,it was possible to conclude that coatings and masonry systems were the ones that most added to total environmental impacts.

New Characteristics of Residential Housing Construction Quality in China

Base on the investigation results of residential housing construction quality recent years in China,this research first analyzes the general quality condition of residential housing construction,then demonstrates the quality condition in different regions in our country,finds out main quality problems in the residential housing construction and studies the new characteristics of quality problems,finally provides the construction industry positive foundation to solve the quality problems objectively for residential housing construction.

Minister Hou Jie on China's Housing Construction and Urban Development

At a reception held recently, Mr. Hou Jie, Minister of Construction, spoke about China’s housing construction and urban development. According to Mr. Hou Jie, the Chinese government always pays high attention to housing development, and has adopted many policies to speed up the construction of houses. Especially since 1979 when China introduced the policy of reform and opening, residential housing has developed rapidly and witnessed outstanding achievement. From 1979 to 1996, 13.8 billion square metres of residential

SPEEDING UP HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

Housing isone of the necessities of humansfor existence and development.The Chinese government hasalways attached great importanceto housing construction;especially in recent years,thepriority development of housingconstruction has been seen inthe real estate and propertiesindustry.Hou Jie,Minister ofConstruction,not long ago wrotean article summarizing theachievements made in this sectorand drawing a blueprint forspeedup of housing constructionand the improvement of livingconditions in the future.It willprovide a vast vista for thedevelopment of China’s buildingindustry and its internationalcooperation.

Mass Customization and Design for High Density Indemnificatory Housing in China

The use of computer in architectural design shouldn’t sacrifice the pursuit of a human-oriented built environment.The technological applications should be legitimated by the objectives and motivations in multiple dimensions,but not abuse its generative power against the social and cultural interests.This article is based upon our synthetic computational design research for high density indemnificatory housing in China(Fig.1),which challenges the conventional standard design for large scale social housing in the Industrial Era,and reflects our exploration for innovative,multi-disciplinary,systematic and synthetic design in the new design paradigm of computation.It also promotes to shift the privilege of cutting-edge design techniques and avant-garde concepts from the“High(end)Architecture”to the ordinary architecture during the unprecedented built-environment development in China.Architectural design should have no discrimination between the Olympic stadiums in the capital and the social housing in the subordinate developed cities,as they both need to be innovative and meaningful.The final design research outputs address sustainable transformation initiated by the residents during the whole life span of the housing.We believe that the human factor(including stakeholders,users,designers and builders)is even more important in architectural design,city planning,urban design,landscape and interior design while technology development is accelerating.Conceptualization,imagination and systemization would become significant pacemakers which perpetuate design innovation.

Earthwork and the Strategies of Concrete Construction Technology Application in Building Construction

The pouring of mass concrete and earthwork account for a large proportion in building construction,which can play a decisive role in the quality of the building.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the technology of earthwork and concrete engineering in the process of building construction and propose reasonable application strategies.

Analysis of Grouting Technology in Building Construction

The application of grouting technology in housing construction is to inject liquid grout into the cavities and cracks of housing construction.After it solidifies,the stability of housing construction can be improved.Grouting technology is not only very convenient but is also environmental-friendly,and it is relatively low-cost.Therefore,it is widely used in housing construction.In this paper,the types of grouting technology and its application advantages in housing construction are analyzed,and specific application strategies are put forward,in hopes of improving the quality of housing construction.

Identifying Factors Hindering the Adoption of Expanded Polystyrene for Building Construction in Akure, Nigeria

Housing provision has become a global issue as the need for affordable housing kept increasing in various communities especially in Akure, Nigeria. This has emerged due to various economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors which has increased pressure on conventional building materials thereby leading to the invention of alternative building materials. This paper looks at the barriers to the adoption of expanded polystyrene (EPS) for building construction in Akure, Nigeria. The methodology adopted elicited information through structured questionnaire which assessed the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, their level of awareness of EPS and its application in building construction, the rate at which they specify EPS for designs and construction and the hindrances to its adoption for building construction. A total of 60 questionnaires were administered on the architects in practice and in the academia environment but 45 were retrieved. This was the bases to which the conclusion of this research was made. The outcome of the research shows that lack of awareness is a key hindrance to the adoption of EPS for construction as most architects in Akure do not know much about expanded polystyrene, thereby, cannot fully decipher its qualities and/or suitability for construction. As such, most questions pertaining the durability, cost implication or client’s preference could not be answered by the architects since their knowledge on the subject matter is minimal. However, those who knows about EPS confirms its flexibility, quick construction time and its environmental friendliness but stated that EPS is not readily available like other conventional materials. As such, their specification always goes towards the available materials.

An Outlook of Housing Transformation in Dhaka City

This paper contributes to the view that urban housing in most cities in developing countries is different in nature and more extent than that operative in developed countries.It addresses the emergence of multi-storied apartments through transformation in residential areas in Dhaka,one of the populous cities in the world and largest metropolitan region in Bangladesh,with a particular reference to a study conducted at Rupangar Residential Area.It identifies the key forces and processes underlying Dhaka’s residential transformation and the advent of multi-storied apartments.Fragmentation of functions and the uses of building stocks in relation to the socio-economic aspects with local conditions were sought in the survey.The increasing housing demand is essentially fulfilling by multi-storied apartments and steadily transforming the landscape and lifestyle of huge urban dwellers in Dhaka.It reveals from the study that apartment living gains much popularity and the dominance of informal apartments over formal apartments is more evident.More distinctly,piecemeal apartment development by the informal developers provides affordable shelter to the highest segment of city dwellers and Rupnagar presents a reasoned scenario urban housing transformation in the capital of Bangladesh.

The Italian Construction Sector Scenario between Economic Crisis and the Need for More Energy Efficiency

The paper presents the main aspects of contemporary Italian scenario of construction sector,underlying the importance of renoval in the next years,especially concerning energy efficiency retrofit.Moreover,the paper includes two important case studies in Italy,housing and schools buildings,which both present great needs of refurbishment.

Discussion on the Application of Post-pouring Belt Construction Technology in Building Construction Processes

In recent years,with the rapid development of modern social economy,the urbanization process has continued to grow,and with it,so as to the demand for housing construction in urban areas.From the development perspective of construction projects,the construction involved would not only has to have a strong structural quality,but attention is also needed in the overall quality of the building.In this,a reasonable introduction of post-pouring belt construction technology in the building construction process can effectively control cracks in concrete structures.This article takes the post-pouring belt construction technology as the main research object and focuses on its application in the housing construction process,which has shown to provide better assistance in aiding construction.

Improvement of Indemnificatory Housing in China

Strengthening the efforts to improve indemnificatory housing construction is not only an effective way to realize stable and healthy development of the real estate market and economy,but also an important livelihood project concerning social harmony and stability. We should take positive measures to guide and meet the needs of different groups on the basis of reasonable consumption,and provide security support on indemnificatory housing in terms of system,policy,funding and management,which serves as a fundamental solution to housing difficulty for low income groups and the deformed development of the real estate market.

多学科配合下的装配式负碳住宅快速建造实践——以2021迪拜国际太阳能十项全能竞赛作品“X-HOUSE”为例

在全球减碳的背景下,建筑的工业化、绿色化技术是提升建造效率,降低建筑碳排放的有效手段。本文以2021年迪拜国际太阳能十项全能竞赛总冠军科工-华南联队参赛作品“X-HOUSE”为例,基于快速建造、负碳、多学科交叉、多次拆装4个需求,从住宅的前期精细化设计、中期BIM优化建造、后期实际建造过程,探讨装配式负碳住宅的设计与建造策略,为我国“双碳”目标下的住宅建筑设计与建造实践提供参考。

高速公路安全应急管理系统界面设计与评价

目的提升高速公路管理人员在使用安全应急系统时信息提取效率,拥有更好的用户体验感。方法首先,根据高速公路应急管理工作的需求,绘制任务流程图和用户体验地图,得到用户基本需求;其次,应用Kano-AHP模型得出核心需求的权重,继而结合核心需求权重建立用户需求和设计要素之间的QFD质量屋模型并量化关键性设计需求,为方案设计提供指引;最后,通过眼动实验和SUS量表进行界面设计的效果评价。结果用户在操作安全应急管理系统界面时,需要从文字识别性、数据易读性、界面简洁性和交互统一性等方面,重点呈现突发事件、指挥调度、隐患调查和风险管控四个重要模块。结论通过绘制用户体验地图结合Kano-AHP-QFD的模型研究方法,能有效提高界面管理系统的用户体验,研究成果可为高速公路安全应急智慧管理系统界面设计的后续优化提供参考。