Blood flow inside the liver plays a key role in hepatic functions, and abnormal hemodynamics are highly correlated with liver diseases. To date, the flow field in an elementary building block of the organ, the liver l...Blood flow inside the liver plays a key role in hepatic functions, and abnormal hemodynamics are highly correlated with liver diseases. To date, the flow field in an elementary building block of the organ, the liver lobule,is difficult to determine experimentally in humans due to its complicated structure, with radially branched microvasculature and the technical difficulties that derive from its geometric constraints. Here we established a set of 3D computational models for a liver lobule using porous media theory and analyzed its flow dynamics in normal, fibrotic,and cirrhotic lobules. Our simulations indicated that those approximations of ordinary flow in portal tracts（PTs） and the central vein, and of porous media flow in the sinusoidal network, were reasonable only for normal or fibrotic lobules.Models modified with high resistance in PTs and collateral vessels inside sinusoids were able to describe the flow features in cirrhotic lobules. Pressures, average velocities, and volume flow rates were profiled and the predictions compared well with experimental data. This study furthered our understanding of the flow dynamics features of liver lobules and the differences among normal, fibrotic, and cirrhotic lobules.展开更多
In the 2008 global financial crisis,the Chinese government launched a fiscal stimulus of 4 trillion RMB package coupled with easy monetary policy to buffer domestic economy from external shocks.As a result,house price...In the 2008 global financial crisis,the Chinese government launched a fiscal stimulus of 4 trillion RMB package coupled with easy monetary policy to buffer domestic economy from external shocks.As a result,house prices boomed.Many studies in subsequent years identifi ed the above as the key drivers to the real-estate price hike.Yet,this paper stresses the importance of population migration as a long-term fundamental factor affecting regional house prices,which are largely overlooked in the literature.Constructing a dynamic spatial model with borrowing constraints,it shows that household migration decisions have significant influences over municipal house prices,expectations of future house prices will not only spur speculative investments,but also incentivize households migration,and the impact of speculative investment on house prices may not be as dominating a factor as previously believed,especially against the backdrop of the Chinese urbanization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 31230027, 91642203, and 31661143044)the Frontier Science Key Project of Chinese Science Academy (Grant QYZDJ-SSW-JSC018)
文摘Blood flow inside the liver plays a key role in hepatic functions, and abnormal hemodynamics are highly correlated with liver diseases. To date, the flow field in an elementary building block of the organ, the liver lobule,is difficult to determine experimentally in humans due to its complicated structure, with radially branched microvasculature and the technical difficulties that derive from its geometric constraints. Here we established a set of 3D computational models for a liver lobule using porous media theory and analyzed its flow dynamics in normal, fibrotic,and cirrhotic lobules. Our simulations indicated that those approximations of ordinary flow in portal tracts（PTs） and the central vein, and of porous media flow in the sinusoidal network, were reasonable only for normal or fibrotic lobules.Models modified with high resistance in PTs and collateral vessels inside sinusoids were able to describe the flow features in cirrhotic lobules. Pressures, average velocities, and volume flow rates were profiled and the predictions compared well with experimental data. This study furthered our understanding of the flow dynamics features of liver lobules and the differences among normal, fibrotic, and cirrhotic lobules.
文摘In the 2008 global financial crisis,the Chinese government launched a fiscal stimulus of 4 trillion RMB package coupled with easy monetary policy to buffer domestic economy from external shocks.As a result,house prices boomed.Many studies in subsequent years identifi ed the above as the key drivers to the real-estate price hike.Yet,this paper stresses the importance of population migration as a long-term fundamental factor affecting regional house prices,which are largely overlooked in the literature.Constructing a dynamic spatial model with borrowing constraints,it shows that household migration decisions have significant influences over municipal house prices,expectations of future house prices will not only spur speculative investments,but also incentivize households migration,and the impact of speculative investment on house prices may not be as dominating a factor as previously believed,especially against the backdrop of the Chinese urbanization.
