The metal-organic framework(MOF)derived Ni–Co–C–N composite alloys(NiCCZ)were“embedded”inside the carbon cloth(CC)strands as opposed to the popular idea of growing them upward to realize ultrastable energy storag...The metal-organic framework(MOF)derived Ni–Co–C–N composite alloys(NiCCZ)were“embedded”inside the carbon cloth(CC)strands as opposed to the popular idea of growing them upward to realize ultrastable energy storage and conversion application.The NiCCZ was then oxygen functionalized,facilitating the next step of stoichiometric sulfur anion diffusion during hydrothermal sulfurization,generating a flower-like metal hydroxysulfide structure(NiCCZOS)with strong partial implantation inside CC.Thus obtained NiCCZOS shows an excellent capacity when tested as a supercapacitor electrode in a three-electrode configuration.Moreover,when paired with the biomass-derived nitrogen-rich activated carbon,the asymmetric supercapacitor device shows almost 100%capacity retention even after 45,000 charge–discharge cycles with remarkable energy density(59.4 Wh kg^(-1)/263.8μWh cm^(–2))owing to a uniquely designed cathode.Furthermore,the same electrode performed as an excellent bifunctional water-splitting electrocatalyst with an overpotential of 271 mV for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and 168.4 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm−2 current density along with 30 h of unhinged chronopotentiometric stability performance for both HER and OER.Hence,a unique metal chalcogenide composite electrode/substrate configuration has been proposed as a highly stable electrode material for flexible energy storage and conversion applications.展开更多
Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES)system has received attention for heating or cooling buildings.However,it is well known that land subsidence becomes a major environmental concern for ATES projects.Yet,the effect o...Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES)system has received attention for heating or cooling buildings.However,it is well known that land subsidence becomes a major environmental concern for ATES projects.Yet,the effect of temperature on land subsidence has received practically no attention in the past.This paper presents a thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupled numerical study on an ATES system in Shanghai,China.Four water wells were installed for seasonal heating and cooling of an agriculture greenhouse.The target aquifer at a depth of 74e104.5 m consisted of alternating layers of sand and silty sand and was covered with clay.Groundwater level,temperature,and land subsidence data from 2015 to 2017 were collected using field monitoring instruments.Constrained by data,we constructed a field scale three-dimensional(3D)model using TOUGH(Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat)and FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)equipped with a thermo-elastoplastic constitutive model.The effectiveness of the numerical model was validated by field data.The model was used to reproduce groundwater flow,heat transfer,and mechanical responses in porous media over three years and capture the thermo-and pressure-induced land subsidence.The results show that the maximum thermoinduced land subsidence accounts for about 60%of the total subsidence.The thermo-induced subsidence is slightly greater in winter than that in summer,and more pronounced near the cold well area than the hot well area.This study provides some valuable guidelines for controlling land subsidence caused by ATES systems installed in soft soils.展开更多
Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)and compressed air energy storage(CAES)are two viable largescale energy storage technologies for mitigating the intermittency of wind and solar power.Therefore,it is meaningful to comp...Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)and compressed air energy storage(CAES)are two viable largescale energy storage technologies for mitigating the intermittency of wind and solar power.Therefore,it is meaningful to compare the properties of hydrogen and air with typical thermodynamic storage processes.This study employs a multi-physical coupling model to compare the operations of CAES and UHS,integrating gas thermodynamics within caverns,thermal conduction,and mechanical deformation around rock caverns.Gas thermodynamic responses are validated using additional simulations and the field test data.Temperature and pressure variations of air and hydrogen within rock caverns exhibit similarities under both adiabatic and diabatic simulation modes.Hydrogen reaches higher temperature and pressure following gas charging stage compared to air,and the ideal gas assumption may lead to overestimation of gas temperature and pressure.Unlike steel lining of CAES,the sealing layer(fibre-reinforced plastic FRP)in UHS is prone to deformation but can effectively mitigates stress in the sealing layer.In CAES,the first principal stress on the surface of the sealing layer and concrete lining is tensile stress,whereas UHS exhibits compressive stress in the same areas.Our present research can provide references for the selection of energy storage methods.展开更多
Underground Thermal Energy Storage(UTES)store unstable and non-continuous energy underground,releasing stable heat energy on demand.This effectively improve energy utilization and optimize energy allocation.As UTES te...Underground Thermal Energy Storage(UTES)store unstable and non-continuous energy underground,releasing stable heat energy on demand.This effectively improve energy utilization and optimize energy allocation.As UTES technology advances,accommodating greater depth,higher temperature and multi-energy complementarity,new research challenges emerge.This paper comprehensively provides a systematic summary of the current research status of UTES.It categorized different types of UTES systems,analyzes the applicability of key technologies of UTES,and evaluate their economic and environmental benefits.Moreover,this paper identifies existing issues with UTES,such as injection blockage,wellbore scaling and corrosion,seepage and heat transfer in cracks,etc.It suggests deepening the research on blockage formation mechanism and plugging prevention technology,improving the study of anticorrosive materials and water treatment technology,and enhancing the investigation of reservoir fracture network characterization technology and seepage heat transfer.These recommendations serve as valuable references for promoting the high-quality development of UTES.展开更多
Hydrogen energy has emerged as a significant energy source for accomplishing energy transformation and achieving carbon neutrality.Hydrogen production,storage and transportation are the key technologies to realize hyd...Hydrogen energy has emerged as a significant energy source for accomplishing energy transformation and achieving carbon neutrality.Hydrogen production,storage and transportation are the key technologies to realize hydrogen energy application and carbon neutralization goal.Apart from the mature technologies of fossil fuel reforming and water electrolysis,new hydrogen production methods(such as solar photolysis,biomass conversion,thermochemical circulation,etc.)have garnered widespread attention and research interest.The lack of safe and efficient hydrogen storage and utilization technology for hydrogen fuel cell systems is the major obstacle to achieving hydrogen economy.In the past decades,global researchers have conducted extensive studies on enhancing the hydrogen storage performance of materials,such as alloy,metal hydride,complex hydride,carbon-based materials,etc.,as well as the technological development of fuel cell power generation systems using solid hydrogen storage materials as hydrogen storage carriers.The themed issue entitled“Hydrogen Energy Production,Storage and Utilization”includes 10 carefully selected papers that address the most recent developments in hydrogen production and storage materials,involving catalyst design,structure characterization,hydrogen ab-/desorption performance and mechanism,and fuel cell coupling system exploit.展开更多
Investigating zeolites as hydrogen storage scaffolds is imperative due to their porous nature and favorable physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the storage capacity of the unmodified zeolites has been rather unsat...Investigating zeolites as hydrogen storage scaffolds is imperative due to their porous nature and favorable physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the storage capacity of the unmodified zeolites has been rather unsatisfactory(0.224%-1.082%(mass))compared to its modified counterpart.Thus,the contemporary focus on enhancing hydrogen storage capacities has led to significant attention towards the utilization of modified zeolites,with studies exploring surface modifications through physical and chemical treatments,as well as the integration of various active metals.The enhanced hydrogen storage properties of zeolites are attributed to the presence of aluminosilicates from alkaline and alkaline-earth metals,resulting in increased storage capacity through interactions with the charge density of these aluminosilicates.Therefore,there is a great demand to critically review their role such as well-defined topology,pore structure,good thermal stability,and tunable hydrophilicity in enhanced hydrogen storage.This article aimed to critically review the recent research findings based on modified zeolite performance for enhanced hydrogen storage.Some of the factors affecting the hydrogen storage capacities of zeolites that can affect the rate of reaction and the stability of the adsorbent,like pressure,structure,and morphology were studied,and examined.Then,future perspectives,recommendations,and directions for modified zeolites were discussed.展开更多
Energy in its varied forms and applications has become the main driver of today’s modern society. However, recent changes in power demand and climatic changes (decarbonization policy) has awakened the need to rethink...Energy in its varied forms and applications has become the main driver of today’s modern society. However, recent changes in power demand and climatic changes (decarbonization policy) has awakened the need to rethink through the current energy generating and distribution system. This led to the exploration of other energy sources of which renewable energy (like thermal, solar and wind energy) is fast becoming an integral part of most energy system. However, this innovative and promising energy source is highly unreliable in maintaining a constant peak power that matches demand. Energy storage systems have thus been highlighted as a solution in managing such imbalances and maintaining the stability of supply. Energy storage technologies absorb and store energy, and release it on demand. This includes gravitational potential energy (pumped hydroelectric), chemical energy (batteries), kinetic energy (flywheels or compressed air), and energy in the form of electrical (capacitors) and magnetic fields. This paper provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of some of the state-of-the-art energy storage technologies, its evolution, classification, and comparison along with various area of applications. Also highlighted in this paper is a plethora of power electronic Interface technologies that plays a significant role in enabling optimum performance and utilization of energy storage systems in different areas of application.展开更多
The application of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in high performance supercapacitors is an essential step to promote the exploitation and utilization of magnesium resources in the field of energy s...The application of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in high performance supercapacitors is an essential step to promote the exploitation and utilization of magnesium resources in the field of energy storage.Unfortunately,the inherent chemical properties of magnesium lead to poor cycling stability and electrochemical reactivity,which seriously limit the application of Mg-based materials in supercapacitors.Herein,in this review,more than 70 research papers published in recent 10 years were collected and analyzed.Some representative research works were selected,and the results of various regulative strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of Mg-based materials were discussed.The effects of various regulative strategies(such as constructing nanostructures,synthesizing composites,defect engineering,and binder-free synthesis,etc.)on the electrochemical performance and their mechanism are demonstrated using spinelstructured MgX_(2)O_(4) and layered structured Mg-X-LDHs as examples.In addition,the application of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide in electrode materials,MXene's solid spacers and hard templates are introduced.Finally,the challenges and outlooks of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in high performance supercapacitors are also discussed.展开更多
At present,there is limited research on the application of fuel cell power generation system technology using solid hydrogen storage materials,especially in hydrogen-assisted two-wheelers.Considering the disadvantages...At present,there is limited research on the application of fuel cell power generation system technology using solid hydrogen storage materials,especially in hydrogen-assisted two-wheelers.Considering the disadvantages of low hydrogen storage capacity and poor kinetics of hydrogen storage materials,our primary focus is to achieve smooth hydrogen ab-/desorption over a wide temperature range to meet the requirements of fuel cells and their integrated power generation systems.In this paper,the Ti_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)Mn_(1.45)V_(0.4)Fe_(0.15) hydrogen storage alloy was successfully prepared by arc melting.The maximum hydrogen storage capacity reaches 1.89 wt% at 318 K.The alloy has the capability to absorb 90% of hydrogen storage capacity within 50 s at 7 MPa and release 90% of hydrogen within 220 s.Comsol Multiphysics 6.0 software was used to simulate the hydrogen ab-/desorption processes of the tank.The flow rate of cooling water during hydrogen absorption varied in a gradient of(0.02 t x)m s^(-1)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12).Cooling water flow rate is positively correlated with the hydrogen absorption rate but negatively correlated with the cost.When the cooling rate is 0.06 m s^(-1),both simulation and experimentation have shown that the hydrogen storage tank is capable of steady hydrogen desorption for over 6 h at a flow rate of 2 L min^(-1).Based on the above conclusions,we have successfully developed a hydrogen-assisted two-wheeler with a range of 80 km and achieved regional demonstration operations in Changzhou and Shaoguan.This paper highlights the achievements of our team in the technological development of fuel cell power generation systems using solid hydrogen storage materials as hydrogen storage carriers and their application in twowheelers in recent years.展开更多
Changes in water resource storage are inevitable due to climate change and human activities,thus understanding alterations in water storage within a specific region is imperative for the planning and management of wat...Changes in water resource storage are inevitable due to climate change and human activities,thus understanding alterations in water storage within a specific region is imperative for the planning and management of water resources.Data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)satellite mission are extensively employed to analyze large-scale total terrestrial water storage anomalies(TWSA).In this study,we derived a more reliable TWSA using different types of GRACE gravity models,which served as the basis for evaluating spatial and temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage and its hydrological components(soil moisture and groundwater)across the Loess Plateau.Additionally,we analyzed the impact of natural and anthropogenic influences on water storage in the Loess Plateau,categorizing them into primary and secondary influences,utilizing data on climate and human activities.The findings revealed a declining trend in the overall TWSA of the Loess Plateau,with a rate of decrease at-0.65±0.05 cm/yr from 2003 to 2020(P<0.01).As the direct factors affecting TWSA,soil moisture dominated the change of TWSA before 2009,and groundwater dominated the change of TWSA after 2009.Spatially,there was variability in the changes of TWSA in the Loess Plateau.More in-depth studies showed that soil moisture changes in the study area were primarily driven by evapotranspiration and temperature,with precipitation and vegetation cover status playing a secondary role.Human activities had a secondary effect on soil moisture in some sub-regions.Population change and agricultural development were major factors in altering groundwater storage in the study area.Other than that,groundwater was influenced by natural factors to a limited extent.These findings provided valuable insights for local governments to implement proactive water management policies.展开更多
Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection...Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.展开更多
To quantify the seismic effectiveness of the most commonly used fishing line tie up method for securing museum collections and optimize fixed strategies for exhibitions,shaking table tests of the seismic systems used ...To quantify the seismic effectiveness of the most commonly used fishing line tie up method for securing museum collections and optimize fixed strategies for exhibitions,shaking table tests of the seismic systems used for typical museum collection replicas have been carried out.The influence of body shape and fixed measure parameters on the seismic responses of replicas and the interaction behavior between replicas and fixed measures have been explored.Based on the results,seismic effectiveness evaluation indexes of the tie up method are proposed.Reasonable suggestions for fixed strategies are given,which provide a basis for the exhibition of delicate museum collections considering the principle of minimizing seismic responses and intervention.The analysis results show that a larger ratio of height of mass center to bottom diameter led to more intense rocking responses.Increasing the initial pretension of fishing lines was conducive to reducing the seismic responses and stress variation of the lines.Through comprehensive consideration of the interaction forces and effective securement,it is recommended to apply 20%of breaking stress as the initial pretension.For specific museum collections that cannot be effectively protected by the independent tie up method,an optimized strategy of a combination of fishing lines and fasteners is recommended.展开更多
Cloud computing has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional computing infrastructures,offering various benefits.However,the adoption of cloud storage poses significant risks to data secrecy and integrity.This a...Cloud computing has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional computing infrastructures,offering various benefits.However,the adoption of cloud storage poses significant risks to data secrecy and integrity.This article presents an effective mechanism to preserve the secrecy and integrity of data stored on the public cloud by leveraging blockchain technology,smart contracts,and cryptographic primitives.The proposed approach utilizes a Solidity-based smart contract as an auditor for maintaining and verifying the integrity of outsourced data.To preserve data secrecy,symmetric encryption systems are employed to encrypt user data before outsourcing it.An extensive performance analysis is conducted to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed mechanism.Additionally,a rigorous assessment is conducted to ensure that the developed smart contract is free from vulnerabilities and to measure its associated running costs.The security analysis of the proposed system confirms that our approach can securely maintain the confidentiality and integrity of cloud storage,even in the presence of malicious entities.The proposed mechanism contributes to enhancing data security in cloud computing environments and can be used as a foundation for developing more secure cloud storage systems.展开更多
Important first phases in the process of implementing CO2 subsurface and ocean storage projects include selecting of best possible location(s) for CO2 storage, and site selection evaluation. Sites must fulfill a numbe...Important first phases in the process of implementing CO2 subsurface and ocean storage projects include selecting of best possible location(s) for CO2 storage, and site selection evaluation. Sites must fulfill a number of criteria that boil down to the following basics: they must be able to accept the desired volume of CO2 at the rate at which it is supplied from the CO2 source(s);they must as well be safe and reliable;and must comply with regulatory and other societal requirements. They also must have at least public acceptance and be based on sound financial analysis. Site geology;hydrogeological, pressure, and geothermal regimes;land features;location, climate, access, etc. can all be refined from these basic criteria. In addition to aiding in site selection, site characterization is essential for other purposes, such as foreseeing the fate and impacts of the injected CO2, and informing subsequent phases of site development, including design, permitting, operation, monitoring, and eventual abandonment. According to data from the IEA, in 2022, emissions from Africa and Asias emerging markets and developing economies, excluding Chinas, increased by 4.2%, which is equivalent to 206 million tonnes of CO2 and were higher than those from developed economies. Coal-fired power generation was responsible for more than half of the rise in emissions that were recorded in the region. The difficulty of achieving sustainable socio-economic progress in the developing countries is entwined with the work of reducing CO2 emissions, which is a demanding project for the economy. Organisations from developing countries, such as Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria, have formed partnerships with organisations in other countries for lessons learned and investment within the climate change arena. The basaltic rocks, coal seams, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, soils, deep saline aquifers, and sedimentary basins that developing countries (Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria etc.) possess all contribute to the individual countrys significant geological sequestration potential. There are limited or no carbon capture and storage or clean development mechanism projects running in these countries at this time. The site selection and characterization procedure are not complete without an estimate of the storage capacity of a storage location. Estimating storage capacity relies on volumetric estimates because a site must accept the planned volume of CO2 during the active injection period. As more and more applications make use of site characterization, so too does the body of written material on the topic. As the science of CO2 storage develops, regulatory requirements are implemented, field experience grows, and the economics of CO2 capture and storage improve, so too will site selection and characterisation change.展开更多
Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical...Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.展开更多
Pristine phase change materials(PCMs)suffer from inherent deficiencies of poor solar absorption and photothermal conversion.Herein,we proposed a strategy of co-incorporation of zero-dimensional(OD)metal nanoparticles ...Pristine phase change materials(PCMs)suffer from inherent deficiencies of poor solar absorption and photothermal conversion.Herein,we proposed a strategy of co-incorporation of zero-dimensional(OD)metal nanoparticles and two-dimensional(2D)photothermal materials in PCMs for efficient capture and conversion of solar energy into thermal energy.Highly scattered Co-anchored MoS_(2)nanoflower cluster serving as photon and phonon triggers was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal growth of ZIF67 polyhedron on 2D MoS_(2)and subsequent high-temperature carbonization.After encapsulating thermal storage unit(paraffin wax),the obtained composite PCMs integrated high-performance photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage capability.Benefiting from the synergistic enhancement of OD Co nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance effect,carbon layer with the conjugation effect and 2D MoS_(2)with strong solar absorption,composite PCMs exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 95.19%,Additionally,the resulting composite PCMs also demonstrated long-term thermal sto rage stability and durable structu ral stability after 300 thermal cycles.The proposed collabo rative co-incorporation strategy provides some innovative references for developing next-generation photothermal PCMs in solar energy utilization.展开更多
This study explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) addi...This study explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and lowers the required dehydrogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) added MgH_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion battery,and it is possible to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evidence for improved reversibility in the battery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with MgH_(2).In depth characterization study by X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with MgH_(2) and produces Cr/MgO byproducts.Gibbs free energy analyses confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of conversion from MgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to MgO/Cr,which is well supported by the identification of Cr(0)in the powder by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)technique.Through high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of MgO rock salt nanoparticles.There is also convincing ground to consider that MgO rock salt accommodates Cr in the lattice.These observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal dissolved rock salt oxide interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of MgH_(2),both for the improved storage of hydrogen and lithium.展开更多
As a nonmetallic charge carrier,ammonium ion(NH_(4)^(+))has garnered significant attention in the construction of aqueous batteries due to its advantages of low molar mass,small hydration size and rapid diffusion in a...As a nonmetallic charge carrier,ammonium ion(NH_(4)^(+))has garnered significant attention in the construction of aqueous batteries due to its advantages of low molar mass,small hydration size and rapid diffusion in aqueous solutions.Polymers are a kind of potential electro-active materials for aqueous NH_(4)^(+)storage.However,traditional polymer electrodes are typically created by covering the bulky collectors with excessive additives,which could lead to low volume capacity and unsatisfactory stability.Herein,a nanoparticle-like polyimide(PI)was synthesized and then combined with MXene nanosheets to synergistically construct an additive-free and self-standing PI@MXene composite electrode.Significantly,the redox-active PI nanoparticles are enclosed between conductive MXene flakes to create a 3D lamination-like network that promotes electron transmission,while theπ-πinteractions existing between PI and MXene contribute to the enhanced structural integrity and stability within the composite electrode.As such,it delivers superior aqueous NH_(4)^(+)storage behaviors in terms of a notable specific capacity of 110.7 mA·h·cm^(–3) and a long lifespan with only 0.0064%drop each cycle.Furthermore,in-situ Raman and UV–Vis examinations provide evidence of reversible and stable redox mechanism of the PI@MXene composite electrode during NH_(4)^(+)uptake/removal,highlighting its significance in the area of electrochemical energy storage.展开更多
During storage at 20℃,specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence.Among these varieties,‘Yuluxiang’is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness,resulting in...During storage at 20℃,specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence.Among these varieties,‘Yuluxiang’is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness,resulting in significant economic losses.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a preservative that can effectively inhibit the development of greasiness.Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)in extending the storage period of fruits.We hypothesize that it may also influence the occurrence of postharvest peel greasiness in the‘Yuluxiang’pears.In this study,we treated‘Yuluxiang’pears with 1-MCP.We stored them at 20℃while analyzing the composition and morphology of the surface waxes,recording enzyme activities related to wax synthesis,and measuring indicators associated with fruit storage quality and physiological characteristics.The results demonstrate that prolonged storage at 20℃leads to a rapid increase in skin greasiness,consistent with the observed elevations in L^(*),greasiness score,and the content of total wax and greasy wax components.Moreover,there were indications that cuticular waxes underwent melting,resulting in the formation of an amorphous structure.In comparison to controls,the application of 1-MCP significantly inhibited increments in L^(*) values as well as grease scores while also reducing accumulation rates for oily waxes throughout most stages over its shelf period,additionally delaying transitions from flaky-wax structures towards their amorphous counterparts.During the initial 7 d of storage,several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of greasy wax components,including lipoxygenase(LOX),phospholipase D(PLD),andβ-ketoacyl-CoA synthase(KCS),exhibited an increase followed by a subsequent decline.The activity of LOX during early shelf life(0–7 d)and the KCS activity during middle to late shelf life(14–21 d)were significantly suppressed by 1-MCP.Additionally,1-MCP effectively maintained firmness,total soluble solid(TSS)and titratable acid(TA)contents,peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)activities while inhibiting vitamin C degradation and weight loss.Furthermore,it restrained polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity,ethylene production,and respiration rate increase.These findings demonstrate that 1-MCP not only delays the onset of peel greasiness but also preserves the overall storage quality of‘Yuluxiang’pear at a temperature of 20℃.This study presents a novel approach for developing new preservatives to inhibit pear fruit peel greasiness and provides a theoretical foundation for further research on pear fruit preservation.展开更多
The forest headwater streams are important hubs for connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,with plant litter and sediments as the major carriers for material migrations;however,until now we knew little about th...The forest headwater streams are important hubs for connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,with plant litter and sediments as the major carriers for material migrations;however,until now we knew little about the dynamics of trace elements such as iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al)in forest headwater streams.Here,we quantitatively identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of Fe and Al storages in plant litter and sediments and their influencing factors in a subtropical forest headwater stream,and assessed the potential pollution risk.The results showed that:(1)the mean concentrations of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 5.48 and 8.46(7.39 and 47.47)g·kg^(-1),and the mean storages of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 0.26 and 0.43(749.04 and 5030.90)g·m^(-2),respectively;(2)the storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments significantly fluctuated from January to December,and showed a decreasing pattern from the source to mouth;and(3)storages of Fe and Al had no significant correlation with riparian forest type and the present of tributary and the Fe and Al storages in plant litter were mainly affected by water temperature and water alkalinity,and their storages in sediments were mainly affected by water temperature and frequency of rainfall;and(4)there were no anthropogenic pollution in Fe and Al in the forest headwater stream.Our study revealed the primary factors of concentrations and storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments in a forest headwater stream,which will improve our understanding of the role of headwater streams in forest nutrient storage and cycling along with hydrological processes.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(2021R1A4A2000934).
文摘The metal-organic framework(MOF)derived Ni–Co–C–N composite alloys(NiCCZ)were“embedded”inside the carbon cloth(CC)strands as opposed to the popular idea of growing them upward to realize ultrastable energy storage and conversion application.The NiCCZ was then oxygen functionalized,facilitating the next step of stoichiometric sulfur anion diffusion during hydrothermal sulfurization,generating a flower-like metal hydroxysulfide structure(NiCCZOS)with strong partial implantation inside CC.Thus obtained NiCCZOS shows an excellent capacity when tested as a supercapacitor electrode in a three-electrode configuration.Moreover,when paired with the biomass-derived nitrogen-rich activated carbon,the asymmetric supercapacitor device shows almost 100%capacity retention even after 45,000 charge–discharge cycles with remarkable energy density(59.4 Wh kg^(-1)/263.8μWh cm^(–2))owing to a uniquely designed cathode.Furthermore,the same electrode performed as an excellent bifunctional water-splitting electrocatalyst with an overpotential of 271 mV for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and 168.4 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm−2 current density along with 30 h of unhinged chronopotentiometric stability performance for both HER and OER.Hence,a unique metal chalcogenide composite electrode/substrate configuration has been proposed as a highly stable electrode material for flexible energy storage and conversion applications.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC1808102).
文摘Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES)system has received attention for heating or cooling buildings.However,it is well known that land subsidence becomes a major environmental concern for ATES projects.Yet,the effect of temperature on land subsidence has received practically no attention in the past.This paper presents a thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupled numerical study on an ATES system in Shanghai,China.Four water wells were installed for seasonal heating and cooling of an agriculture greenhouse.The target aquifer at a depth of 74e104.5 m consisted of alternating layers of sand and silty sand and was covered with clay.Groundwater level,temperature,and land subsidence data from 2015 to 2017 were collected using field monitoring instruments.Constrained by data,we constructed a field scale three-dimensional(3D)model using TOUGH(Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat)and FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)equipped with a thermo-elastoplastic constitutive model.The effectiveness of the numerical model was validated by field data.The model was used to reproduce groundwater flow,heat transfer,and mechanical responses in porous media over three years and capture the thermo-and pressure-induced land subsidence.The results show that the maximum thermoinduced land subsidence accounts for about 60%of the total subsidence.The thermo-induced subsidence is slightly greater in winter than that in summer,and more pronounced near the cold well area than the hot well area.This study provides some valuable guidelines for controlling land subsidence caused by ATES systems installed in soft soils.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52179118,52209151 and 42307238)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Carbon Emissions Peak and Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation Specia Fund Project (No.BK20220025)+3 种基金the Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province (No.2023ZB602)the China Postdoctora Science Foundation (Nos.2023M733773 and 2023M733772)Xuzhou City Science and Technology Innovation Special Basic Research Plan (KC23045)State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology (No SKLGDUEK1916)。
文摘Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)and compressed air energy storage(CAES)are two viable largescale energy storage technologies for mitigating the intermittency of wind and solar power.Therefore,it is meaningful to compare the properties of hydrogen and air with typical thermodynamic storage processes.This study employs a multi-physical coupling model to compare the operations of CAES and UHS,integrating gas thermodynamics within caverns,thermal conduction,and mechanical deformation around rock caverns.Gas thermodynamic responses are validated using additional simulations and the field test data.Temperature and pressure variations of air and hydrogen within rock caverns exhibit similarities under both adiabatic and diabatic simulation modes.Hydrogen reaches higher temperature and pressure following gas charging stage compared to air,and the ideal gas assumption may lead to overestimation of gas temperature and pressure.Unlike steel lining of CAES,the sealing layer(fibre-reinforced plastic FRP)in UHS is prone to deformation but can effectively mitigates stress in the sealing layer.In CAES,the first principal stress on the surface of the sealing layer and concrete lining is tensile stress,whereas UHS exhibits compressive stress in the same areas.Our present research can provide references for the selection of energy storage methods.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under grant No.42272350the Foundation of Shanxi Key Laboratory for Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Resources under grant No.SX202202.
文摘Underground Thermal Energy Storage(UTES)store unstable and non-continuous energy underground,releasing stable heat energy on demand.This effectively improve energy utilization and optimize energy allocation.As UTES technology advances,accommodating greater depth,higher temperature and multi-energy complementarity,new research challenges emerge.This paper comprehensively provides a systematic summary of the current research status of UTES.It categorized different types of UTES systems,analyzes the applicability of key technologies of UTES,and evaluate their economic and environmental benefits.Moreover,this paper identifies existing issues with UTES,such as injection blockage,wellbore scaling and corrosion,seepage and heat transfer in cracks,etc.It suggests deepening the research on blockage formation mechanism and plugging prevention technology,improving the study of anticorrosive materials and water treatment technology,and enhancing the investigation of reservoir fracture network characterization technology and seepage heat transfer.These recommendations serve as valuable references for promoting the high-quality development of UTES.
文摘Hydrogen energy has emerged as a significant energy source for accomplishing energy transformation and achieving carbon neutrality.Hydrogen production,storage and transportation are the key technologies to realize hydrogen energy application and carbon neutralization goal.Apart from the mature technologies of fossil fuel reforming and water electrolysis,new hydrogen production methods(such as solar photolysis,biomass conversion,thermochemical circulation,etc.)have garnered widespread attention and research interest.The lack of safe and efficient hydrogen storage and utilization technology for hydrogen fuel cell systems is the major obstacle to achieving hydrogen economy.In the past decades,global researchers have conducted extensive studies on enhancing the hydrogen storage performance of materials,such as alloy,metal hydride,complex hydride,carbon-based materials,etc.,as well as the technological development of fuel cell power generation systems using solid hydrogen storage materials as hydrogen storage carriers.The themed issue entitled“Hydrogen Energy Production,Storage and Utilization”includes 10 carefully selected papers that address the most recent developments in hydrogen production and storage materials,involving catalyst design,structure characterization,hydrogen ab-/desorption performance and mechanism,and fuel cell coupling system exploit.
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)No.FRGS/1/2021/TK0/UMP/02/37(University Ref.RDU210135).
文摘Investigating zeolites as hydrogen storage scaffolds is imperative due to their porous nature and favorable physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the storage capacity of the unmodified zeolites has been rather unsatisfactory(0.224%-1.082%(mass))compared to its modified counterpart.Thus,the contemporary focus on enhancing hydrogen storage capacities has led to significant attention towards the utilization of modified zeolites,with studies exploring surface modifications through physical and chemical treatments,as well as the integration of various active metals.The enhanced hydrogen storage properties of zeolites are attributed to the presence of aluminosilicates from alkaline and alkaline-earth metals,resulting in increased storage capacity through interactions with the charge density of these aluminosilicates.Therefore,there is a great demand to critically review their role such as well-defined topology,pore structure,good thermal stability,and tunable hydrophilicity in enhanced hydrogen storage.This article aimed to critically review the recent research findings based on modified zeolite performance for enhanced hydrogen storage.Some of the factors affecting the hydrogen storage capacities of zeolites that can affect the rate of reaction and the stability of the adsorbent,like pressure,structure,and morphology were studied,and examined.Then,future perspectives,recommendations,and directions for modified zeolites were discussed.
文摘Energy in its varied forms and applications has become the main driver of today’s modern society. However, recent changes in power demand and climatic changes (decarbonization policy) has awakened the need to rethink through the current energy generating and distribution system. This led to the exploration of other energy sources of which renewable energy (like thermal, solar and wind energy) is fast becoming an integral part of most energy system. However, this innovative and promising energy source is highly unreliable in maintaining a constant peak power that matches demand. Energy storage systems have thus been highlighted as a solution in managing such imbalances and maintaining the stability of supply. Energy storage technologies absorb and store energy, and release it on demand. This includes gravitational potential energy (pumped hydroelectric), chemical energy (batteries), kinetic energy (flywheels or compressed air), and energy in the form of electrical (capacitors) and magnetic fields. This paper provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of some of the state-of-the-art energy storage technologies, its evolution, classification, and comparison along with various area of applications. Also highlighted in this paper is a plethora of power electronic Interface technologies that plays a significant role in enabling optimum performance and utilization of energy storage systems in different areas of application.
基金financial support provided by Projects(no.2020CDJXZ001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金the Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Project of Chongqing(Z20211350 and Z20211351)Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Ecological Environment Bureau(no.CQEE2022-STHBZZ118)。
文摘The application of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in high performance supercapacitors is an essential step to promote the exploitation and utilization of magnesium resources in the field of energy storage.Unfortunately,the inherent chemical properties of magnesium lead to poor cycling stability and electrochemical reactivity,which seriously limit the application of Mg-based materials in supercapacitors.Herein,in this review,more than 70 research papers published in recent 10 years were collected and analyzed.Some representative research works were selected,and the results of various regulative strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of Mg-based materials were discussed.The effects of various regulative strategies(such as constructing nanostructures,synthesizing composites,defect engineering,and binder-free synthesis,etc.)on the electrochemical performance and their mechanism are demonstrated using spinelstructured MgX_(2)O_(4) and layered structured Mg-X-LDHs as examples.In addition,the application of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide in electrode materials,MXene's solid spacers and hard templates are introduced.Finally,the challenges and outlooks of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in high performance supercapacitors are also discussed.
基金financed by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grants number 2022YFB3803800]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grants number 52071141,52271212,52201250,51771056]Interdisciplinary Innovation Program of North China Electric Power University[grants number XM2112355].
文摘At present,there is limited research on the application of fuel cell power generation system technology using solid hydrogen storage materials,especially in hydrogen-assisted two-wheelers.Considering the disadvantages of low hydrogen storage capacity and poor kinetics of hydrogen storage materials,our primary focus is to achieve smooth hydrogen ab-/desorption over a wide temperature range to meet the requirements of fuel cells and their integrated power generation systems.In this paper,the Ti_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)Mn_(1.45)V_(0.4)Fe_(0.15) hydrogen storage alloy was successfully prepared by arc melting.The maximum hydrogen storage capacity reaches 1.89 wt% at 318 K.The alloy has the capability to absorb 90% of hydrogen storage capacity within 50 s at 7 MPa and release 90% of hydrogen within 220 s.Comsol Multiphysics 6.0 software was used to simulate the hydrogen ab-/desorption processes of the tank.The flow rate of cooling water during hydrogen absorption varied in a gradient of(0.02 t x)m s^(-1)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12).Cooling water flow rate is positively correlated with the hydrogen absorption rate but negatively correlated with the cost.When the cooling rate is 0.06 m s^(-1),both simulation and experimentation have shown that the hydrogen storage tank is capable of steady hydrogen desorption for over 6 h at a flow rate of 2 L min^(-1).Based on the above conclusions,we have successfully developed a hydrogen-assisted two-wheeler with a range of 80 km and achieved regional demonstration operations in Changzhou and Shaoguan.This paper highlights the achievements of our team in the technological development of fuel cell power generation systems using solid hydrogen storage materials as hydrogen storage carriers and their application in twowheelers in recent years.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42374037the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics,Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology under Grant SKLGED2022-3-5in part by the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology under Grant 2018YQ2-10。
文摘Changes in water resource storage are inevitable due to climate change and human activities,thus understanding alterations in water storage within a specific region is imperative for the planning and management of water resources.Data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)satellite mission are extensively employed to analyze large-scale total terrestrial water storage anomalies(TWSA).In this study,we derived a more reliable TWSA using different types of GRACE gravity models,which served as the basis for evaluating spatial and temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage and its hydrological components(soil moisture and groundwater)across the Loess Plateau.Additionally,we analyzed the impact of natural and anthropogenic influences on water storage in the Loess Plateau,categorizing them into primary and secondary influences,utilizing data on climate and human activities.The findings revealed a declining trend in the overall TWSA of the Loess Plateau,with a rate of decrease at-0.65±0.05 cm/yr from 2003 to 2020(P<0.01).As the direct factors affecting TWSA,soil moisture dominated the change of TWSA before 2009,and groundwater dominated the change of TWSA after 2009.Spatially,there was variability in the changes of TWSA in the Loess Plateau.More in-depth studies showed that soil moisture changes in the study area were primarily driven by evapotranspiration and temperature,with precipitation and vegetation cover status playing a secondary role.Human activities had a secondary effect on soil moisture in some sub-regions.Population change and agricultural development were major factors in altering groundwater storage in the study area.Other than that,groundwater was influenced by natural factors to a limited extent.These findings provided valuable insights for local governments to implement proactive water management policies.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(2023JQ01)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0607103)+2 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(2022ZY0224)the Open Project Program of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resources Use of the Mongolian Plateau,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,China(KF2023003)Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region:Monitoring,Assessment and Early Warning Technology Research of Biodiversity in Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011)for financial support.
文摘Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.
基金Beijing Nova Program under Grant No.2022036National Key Research and Development Program under Grant No.2019YFC1521000。
文摘To quantify the seismic effectiveness of the most commonly used fishing line tie up method for securing museum collections and optimize fixed strategies for exhibitions,shaking table tests of the seismic systems used for typical museum collection replicas have been carried out.The influence of body shape and fixed measure parameters on the seismic responses of replicas and the interaction behavior between replicas and fixed measures have been explored.Based on the results,seismic effectiveness evaluation indexes of the tie up method are proposed.Reasonable suggestions for fixed strategies are given,which provide a basis for the exhibition of delicate museum collections considering the principle of minimizing seismic responses and intervention.The analysis results show that a larger ratio of height of mass center to bottom diameter led to more intense rocking responses.Increasing the initial pretension of fishing lines was conducive to reducing the seismic responses and stress variation of the lines.Through comprehensive consideration of the interaction forces and effective securement,it is recommended to apply 20%of breaking stress as the initial pretension.For specific museum collections that cannot be effectively protected by the independent tie up method,an optimized strategy of a combination of fishing lines and fasteners is recommended.
文摘Cloud computing has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional computing infrastructures,offering various benefits.However,the adoption of cloud storage poses significant risks to data secrecy and integrity.This article presents an effective mechanism to preserve the secrecy and integrity of data stored on the public cloud by leveraging blockchain technology,smart contracts,and cryptographic primitives.The proposed approach utilizes a Solidity-based smart contract as an auditor for maintaining and verifying the integrity of outsourced data.To preserve data secrecy,symmetric encryption systems are employed to encrypt user data before outsourcing it.An extensive performance analysis is conducted to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed mechanism.Additionally,a rigorous assessment is conducted to ensure that the developed smart contract is free from vulnerabilities and to measure its associated running costs.The security analysis of the proposed system confirms that our approach can securely maintain the confidentiality and integrity of cloud storage,even in the presence of malicious entities.The proposed mechanism contributes to enhancing data security in cloud computing environments and can be used as a foundation for developing more secure cloud storage systems.
文摘Important first phases in the process of implementing CO2 subsurface and ocean storage projects include selecting of best possible location(s) for CO2 storage, and site selection evaluation. Sites must fulfill a number of criteria that boil down to the following basics: they must be able to accept the desired volume of CO2 at the rate at which it is supplied from the CO2 source(s);they must as well be safe and reliable;and must comply with regulatory and other societal requirements. They also must have at least public acceptance and be based on sound financial analysis. Site geology;hydrogeological, pressure, and geothermal regimes;land features;location, climate, access, etc. can all be refined from these basic criteria. In addition to aiding in site selection, site characterization is essential for other purposes, such as foreseeing the fate and impacts of the injected CO2, and informing subsequent phases of site development, including design, permitting, operation, monitoring, and eventual abandonment. According to data from the IEA, in 2022, emissions from Africa and Asias emerging markets and developing economies, excluding Chinas, increased by 4.2%, which is equivalent to 206 million tonnes of CO2 and were higher than those from developed economies. Coal-fired power generation was responsible for more than half of the rise in emissions that were recorded in the region. The difficulty of achieving sustainable socio-economic progress in the developing countries is entwined with the work of reducing CO2 emissions, which is a demanding project for the economy. Organisations from developing countries, such as Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria, have formed partnerships with organisations in other countries for lessons learned and investment within the climate change arena. The basaltic rocks, coal seams, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, soils, deep saline aquifers, and sedimentary basins that developing countries (Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria etc.) possess all contribute to the individual countrys significant geological sequestration potential. There are limited or no carbon capture and storage or clean development mechanism projects running in these countries at this time. The site selection and characterization procedure are not complete without an estimate of the storage capacity of a storage location. Estimating storage capacity relies on volumetric estimates because a site must accept the planned volume of CO2 during the active injection period. As more and more applications make use of site characterization, so too does the body of written material on the topic. As the science of CO2 storage develops, regulatory requirements are implemented, field experience grows, and the economics of CO2 capture and storage improve, so too will site selection and characterisation change.
基金The authors acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation(DFG:LE 2249/5-1)the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(GZ1579)+1 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AW070014)Jiajia Qiu and Yu Duan appreciate support from the China Scholarship Council(No.201908530218&202206990027).
文摘Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902025)。
文摘Pristine phase change materials(PCMs)suffer from inherent deficiencies of poor solar absorption and photothermal conversion.Herein,we proposed a strategy of co-incorporation of zero-dimensional(OD)metal nanoparticles and two-dimensional(2D)photothermal materials in PCMs for efficient capture and conversion of solar energy into thermal energy.Highly scattered Co-anchored MoS_(2)nanoflower cluster serving as photon and phonon triggers was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal growth of ZIF67 polyhedron on 2D MoS_(2)and subsequent high-temperature carbonization.After encapsulating thermal storage unit(paraffin wax),the obtained composite PCMs integrated high-performance photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage capability.Benefiting from the synergistic enhancement of OD Co nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance effect,carbon layer with the conjugation effect and 2D MoS_(2)with strong solar absorption,composite PCMs exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 95.19%,Additionally,the resulting composite PCMs also demonstrated long-term thermal sto rage stability and durable structu ral stability after 300 thermal cycles.The proposed collabo rative co-incorporation strategy provides some innovative references for developing next-generation photothermal PCMs in solar energy utilization.
基金supported by the projects UIDB/00481/2020 and UIDP/00481/2020-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00481/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00481/2020)and DOI 10.54499/UIDP/00481/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/00481/2020)supported by CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083-Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme(Centro 2020),under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement,through the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF).This article is a result of the Innovation Pact“NGS-New Generation Storage”(C644936001-00000045)+3 种基金by“NGS”Consortium,co-financed by NextGeneration EU,through the Incentive System“Agendas para a Inovação Empresarial”(“Agendas for Business Innovation”)within the Recovery and Resilience Plan(PRR).D.P acknowledges FCT,Portugal for the financial support with reference CEECIND/04158/2017(https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECIND/04158/2017/CP1459/CT0029)funding from the SMART-ER project,funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement#101016888.support granted by the Recovery and Resilience Plan(PRR)and by the Next Generation EU European Funds to Universidade de Aveiro,through the Agenda for Business Innovation“NGS-Next Generation Storage”(Project no 02/C05-i01.01/2022 with the application C644936001-00000045).
文摘This study explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and lowers the required dehydrogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) added MgH_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion battery,and it is possible to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evidence for improved reversibility in the battery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with MgH_(2).In depth characterization study by X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with MgH_(2) and produces Cr/MgO byproducts.Gibbs free energy analyses confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of conversion from MgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to MgO/Cr,which is well supported by the identification of Cr(0)in the powder by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)technique.Through high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of MgO rock salt nanoparticles.There is also convincing ground to consider that MgO rock salt accommodates Cr in the lattice.These observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal dissolved rock salt oxide interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of MgH_(2),both for the improved storage of hydrogen and lithium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002157)the Undergraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(202310289033Z).
文摘As a nonmetallic charge carrier,ammonium ion(NH_(4)^(+))has garnered significant attention in the construction of aqueous batteries due to its advantages of low molar mass,small hydration size and rapid diffusion in aqueous solutions.Polymers are a kind of potential electro-active materials for aqueous NH_(4)^(+)storage.However,traditional polymer electrodes are typically created by covering the bulky collectors with excessive additives,which could lead to low volume capacity and unsatisfactory stability.Herein,a nanoparticle-like polyimide(PI)was synthesized and then combined with MXene nanosheets to synergistically construct an additive-free and self-standing PI@MXene composite electrode.Significantly,the redox-active PI nanoparticles are enclosed between conductive MXene flakes to create a 3D lamination-like network that promotes electron transmission,while theπ-πinteractions existing between PI and MXene contribute to the enhanced structural integrity and stability within the composite electrode.As such,it delivers superior aqueous NH_(4)^(+)storage behaviors in terms of a notable specific capacity of 110.7 mA·h·cm^(–3) and a long lifespan with only 0.0064%drop each cycle.Furthermore,in-situ Raman and UV–Vis examinations provide evidence of reversible and stable redox mechanism of the PI@MXene composite electrode during NH_(4)^(+)uptake/removal,highlighting its significance in the area of electrochemical energy storage.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-RIP)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(2021-MS-036)。
文摘During storage at 20℃,specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence.Among these varieties,‘Yuluxiang’is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness,resulting in significant economic losses.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a preservative that can effectively inhibit the development of greasiness.Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)in extending the storage period of fruits.We hypothesize that it may also influence the occurrence of postharvest peel greasiness in the‘Yuluxiang’pears.In this study,we treated‘Yuluxiang’pears with 1-MCP.We stored them at 20℃while analyzing the composition and morphology of the surface waxes,recording enzyme activities related to wax synthesis,and measuring indicators associated with fruit storage quality and physiological characteristics.The results demonstrate that prolonged storage at 20℃leads to a rapid increase in skin greasiness,consistent with the observed elevations in L^(*),greasiness score,and the content of total wax and greasy wax components.Moreover,there were indications that cuticular waxes underwent melting,resulting in the formation of an amorphous structure.In comparison to controls,the application of 1-MCP significantly inhibited increments in L^(*) values as well as grease scores while also reducing accumulation rates for oily waxes throughout most stages over its shelf period,additionally delaying transitions from flaky-wax structures towards their amorphous counterparts.During the initial 7 d of storage,several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of greasy wax components,including lipoxygenase(LOX),phospholipase D(PLD),andβ-ketoacyl-CoA synthase(KCS),exhibited an increase followed by a subsequent decline.The activity of LOX during early shelf life(0–7 d)and the KCS activity during middle to late shelf life(14–21 d)were significantly suppressed by 1-MCP.Additionally,1-MCP effectively maintained firmness,total soluble solid(TSS)and titratable acid(TA)contents,peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)activities while inhibiting vitamin C degradation and weight loss.Furthermore,it restrained polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity,ethylene production,and respiration rate increase.These findings demonstrate that 1-MCP not only delays the onset of peel greasiness but also preserves the overall storage quality of‘Yuluxiang’pear at a temperature of 20℃.This study presents a novel approach for developing new preservatives to inhibit pear fruit peel greasiness and provides a theoretical foundation for further research on pear fruit preservation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271633)founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201342)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01642)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171641)。
文摘The forest headwater streams are important hubs for connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,with plant litter and sediments as the major carriers for material migrations;however,until now we knew little about the dynamics of trace elements such as iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al)in forest headwater streams.Here,we quantitatively identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of Fe and Al storages in plant litter and sediments and their influencing factors in a subtropical forest headwater stream,and assessed the potential pollution risk.The results showed that:(1)the mean concentrations of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 5.48 and 8.46(7.39 and 47.47)g·kg^(-1),and the mean storages of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 0.26 and 0.43(749.04 and 5030.90)g·m^(-2),respectively;(2)the storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments significantly fluctuated from January to December,and showed a decreasing pattern from the source to mouth;and(3)storages of Fe and Al had no significant correlation with riparian forest type and the present of tributary and the Fe and Al storages in plant litter were mainly affected by water temperature and water alkalinity,and their storages in sediments were mainly affected by water temperature and frequency of rainfall;and(4)there were no anthropogenic pollution in Fe and Al in the forest headwater stream.Our study revealed the primary factors of concentrations and storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments in a forest headwater stream,which will improve our understanding of the role of headwater streams in forest nutrient storage and cycling along with hydrological processes.