Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic fluid collection drainage: Where are we?

Pancreatic fluid collections(PFCs)result from injury to the pancreas from acute or chronic pancreatitis,surgery,or trauma.Management of these collections has evolved over the last 2 decades.The choice of interventions includes percu-taneous,endoscopic,minimally invasive surgery,or a combined approach.Endoscopic drainage is the drainage of PFCs by creating an artificial communication between the collection and gastrointestinal lumen that is maintained by placing a stent across the fistulous tract.In this editorial,we endeavored to update the current status of endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of PFCs.

Application and Development Trends of Spectral Analysis in Draft of Non-Ferrous Metal Standards in China

Spectral analysis was a method of identifying substances, determining their chemical composition and calculating their content based on their spectral characteristics. This paper mainly discussed the application of various spectroscopic techniques, mainly including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) direct reading spectroscopy (OES) glow discharge emission spectroscopy (GD-OSE) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), in the formulation of non-ferrous metal standards in China. The AAS method was the most widely used single-element microanalysis method among the non-ferrous metal standards. The ICP-AES method was good at significant advantages in the simultaneous detection of multiple elements. The XRF method was increasingly used in the determination of primary and secondary trace elements due to its simple sample preparation and high efficiency. The AFS was mostly detected by single-element trace analysis. OES GD-OES and LIBS were playing an increasingly important role in the new demand area for non-ferrous metals. This paper discussed matrix elimination, sample digestion, sample preparation, instrument categories and other aspects of some standards, and summarized the advantages of spectral analysis and traditional chemical analysis methods. The new methods of future spectroscopic technology had been illustrated in the process of developing non-ferrous metal standards.

An intelligent system for calculating the scale of rational,enlarged production of an underground non-ferrous metal mine

The enlarged production scale of underground non-ferrous metal mines is affected by many uncertain factors difficult to describe mathematically with any level of accuracy.The problem can be solved by a synthesis of artificial intelligence.Based on the analysis of the major factors affecting the scale of enlarged production,we first interpreted in detail the design principles and structure of the intelligent system.Secondly,we introduced an ANN subsystem.In order to ensure technological and scale efficien- cies of the training samples for ANN,we filtrated the samples with a DEA method.Finally,we trained the intelligent system,which was proved to be very efficient.

Lumen apposing metal stents for pancreatic fluid collections:Recognition and management of complications

For patients recovering from acute pancreatitis,the development of a pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) predicts a more complex course of recovery,and introduces difficult management decisions with regard to when,whether,and how the collection should be drained.Most PFCs resolve spontaneously and drainage is indicated only in pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis when the collections are causing symptoms and/or local complications such as biliary obstruction.Historical approaches to PFC drainage have included surgical (open or laparoscopic cystgastrostomy or pancreatic debridement),and the placement of percutaneous drains.Endoscopic drainage techniques have emerged in the last several years as the preferred approach for most patients,when local expertise is available.Lumen-apposing metal stents(LAMS) have recently been developed as a tool to facilitate potentially safer and easier endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections,and less commonly,for other indications,such as gallbladder drainage.Physicians considering LAMS placement must be aware of the complications most commonly associated with LAMS including bleeding,migration,buried stent,stent occlusion,and perforation.Because of the patient complexity associated with severe pancreatitis,management of pancreatic fluid collections can be a complex and multidisciplinary endeavor.Successful and safe use of LAMS for patients with pancreatic fluid collections requires that the endoscopist have a full understanding of the potential complications of LAMS techniques,including how to recognize and manage expected complications.

Cross-Lingual Non-Ferrous Metals Related News Recognition Method Based on CNN with A Limited Bi-Lingual Dictionary

To acquire non-ferrous metals related news from different countries’internet,we proposed a cross-lingual non-ferrous metals related news recognition method based on CNN with a limited bilingual dictionary.Firstly,considering the lack of related language resources of non-ferrous metals,we use a limited bilingual dictionary and CCA to learn cross-lingual word vector and to represent news in different languages uniformly.Then,to improve the effect of recognition,we use a variant of the CNN to learn recognition features and construct the recognition model.The experimental results show that our proposed method acquires better results.

Optimizing Non-Ferrous Metal Value from MSWI Bottom Ashes

The bottom ashes resulted annually from the incineration of municipal solid waste in Europe contain about 400,000 tonnes of metallic aluminium and 200,000 tonnes of heavy non-ferrous metals, such as copper and zinc. Efficient recovery of this non-ferrous metal resource requires state-of-the-art separation technologies and a continuous feedback of laboratory analyses of the metal products and the depleted bottom ash to the operators of the bottom ash treatment plants. A methodology is presented for the optimization of the production of non-ferrous metal value from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator bottom ash. Results for an incineration plant in the Netherlands show that efficient recycling can have a significant impact on value recovery as well as on non-ferrous metal recycling rates, producing up to 8% more revenue and 25% more metals from the ash.

Preparation and Microstructural Analysis of Smelting Waste Non-ferrous Metal Slag Geopolymer

The geopolymer samples were prepared with smelting waste slag of non-ferrous metal as the raw material and water glass as the activator. The effect of modulus of water glass and water binder ratio on the compressive strength was studied. The results show that the strength of the geopolymer activated by water glass with modulus of 1.1 and water binder ratio of 0.28 can maintain an increasing trend in the 90 curing days. Through the analyses with XRD, SEM（EDS）, and FTIR, the main reaction products are found to be geopolymer gels, which bond the crystalline minerals to provide strength. The molecular chains of amorphous phase in slag become shorter after depolymerization-polycondensation.

Non-ferrous Metal Industry in Hunan Province

In the last ten years (1982～1991) 2.26 Mt of 10 kinds of nonferrous metals had been pro-duced in Hunan Province. Up to date the mining capacity achieves 6.52 Mt, ore-dressing capacity--7.25 Mt, smelt capacity--334 kt and the processing capacity--113 kt. In 1991 the output of10 kinds of nonferrous metals amounted to 292.8 kt. At present Hunan Province produces alloys,oxides and other compounds for copper, aluminium, lead, zinc, antimony and mercury. Species ofrare-earth metals and its alloys produced in Hunan Province amount to 160 and more. In this

A Brief Introduction to the Rare Earths Research Institute,General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals

The Rare Earths Research Institute(the former Rare Earths Research Laboratory)under the GRINM,the first institute to conduct R&D for rare earths(RE)industry in China,was founded in 1958.The Institutewas mainly engaged in the research work of comprehensive utilization of the mine at Baiyun-ebo,the largest

A Brief Introduction to the Rare Earths Research Institute,General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals

The Rare Earths Research Institute(the former Rare Earths Research Laboratory)under the GRINM,the first institute to conduct R&D for rare earths(RE)industry in China,was founded in 1958.The Institutewas mainly engaged in the research work of comprehensive utilization of the mine at Baiyun-ebo,the largestRE mine in the world,and the ion adsorption type RE mineral in southern China.The ore decomposition,

Series Statistics Data of Non-ferrous Metals of China──Ⅰ Surveying

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Guangyuan Non-ferrous Metal Company

In the city Guangyuan,sited in the north of Sichuan Province,the Guangyuan Non-ferrousMetal Company had been established recently.The city plans to enter the non-ferrous metal indus-try in a list of key enterprises and to develop aluminium,lead and gold mainly.Some middle-scaleenterprices have been established,for example;Wuzhou Aluminium-electrolysis plant,Jialing

China's Non-Ferrous Metals Industry

China’s non-ferrous metals industry has constantly maintained a steady, rapid and healthy development since the reform and opening to the outside world. By the end of 1994, the annual output often kinds of common non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium, lead, and zinc had reached 3.701 million tons, a 12.2 percent increase over the previous year; the qualification rate of principal products and the output value rate of good quality products all achieved an increase over the previous year. China has

CHINA NATIONAL NON-FERROUS METAL INDUS- TRIAL CORPORATION

Since its founding in April 1983, the China National Non-ferrous Metal Industrial Corporation has developed into a giant enterprise group engaged in the production of non-ferrous metal mineral products, smelting products, processing products and recovery products, as well as geological prospecting, engineering survey, design, construction, equipment manufacture, the research and development of hi-tech prod-

Strengthening——Foreign Scientific Cooperation in the Non-ferrous Metal Industry

Since the China Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Corporation was founded, it has always adhered to the development principle of "Science and technology are a production force" and "Economic construction must rely on science and technology progress and science and technology must serve economic construction in return" to enhance the reform in the scientific research system. With support from the State and

Non-Ferrous Metals Export Trade

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the China non-ferrous metals export trade has steadily increased, foreign economic and technical cooperation has further expanded and foreign capital utilization and overseas development have achieved new breakthroughs.

National Plan for Non-ferrous Metals Production Fulfilled ahead of Time

Vice president of China National Nonferrous Metals Industries Corporation Mr. WoTingshu said:"The output of 10 kinds of nonferrous metals amounted to 2.45 Mt." This factmean1s that the national plan for nonferrous metals production fulfiled earlier. The 10 kinds ofnonferrous metals are aluminium, magnesium, lead, zinc, copper, tin, nickel, antimony mercuryand titanium.

Development Goals——for the Non-ferrous Metal Industry During the Ninth Five-year Plan

According to the Ninth Five-year Plan and 2010 Long-term Goal Program, the non-ferrous metal industry will focus on revamping and expanding its existing enterprises. Through systematic technical renovation, the industry will expand production capability, increase varieties, improve the recovery of waste metals, and do a good job of

CHINA'S NON-FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY——Its Development Policies and Goals During the Ninth Five-year Plan Period

The China Non-ferrous MetalsIndustry Corporation has putforward ten development policiesfor the Ninth Five-year Plan period,according to the central government’sinstruction to change the way of economicgrowth,and raise the integral quality andbenefit of the national economy:

REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENTS for Non-ferrous Metals

Since the the launch of theeconomic reform and openingdrive,especially the foundingof the China Non-ferrous MetalsIndustry Corporation,China’s non-ferrous metals industry hassustained rapid and healthy growth.