Influence of Horizontal Flow on Atrium in High-Rise Residential Building

In this study a 10-storied residential building model was employed to clarify the ventilation characteristics of the atrium and the rooms,which were effected by the different forms of lateral openings.The experiment was conducted under the combined effect of wind force and thermal buoyancy,and the similarity requirements were satisfied.The results have shown that the different forms of lateral openings cause the different ventilation effect of the building,and also have some certain regularity.The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for how to use the ventilation of atrium better in high-rise residential building.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

Impact of the Built Environment on the Mental Health of the Inhabitants in High-Rise Collective Housing in Algeria

For everybody, the house or the accommodation （and its environment） is a secure place, a haven space, which protects people from constraints of the everyday life. Unfortunately, and more or less everywhere in the third world, accommodation is for a great number of people a source of stress caused by daily obligations that people have to deal with. In Algeria, the majority of the high-rise collective housing estates through the country offers all the ingredients of a constrained urban environment for the inhabitants. For the most of the population, the accommodation appears as a vital need rather than a negotiable good. As a matter of fact, in the third world in general and particularly in Algeria, most of people live in communities where there is a shortage of accommodation and in which the social housing and its environment are often below the standards. Constructed on policies and a conception of housing which does not integrate at all the criteria of the sustainable development, millions of fiats have already been built. Millions are going to be built in the future, and will be of high-rise collective type. As underlined in this paper, it seems reasonable to think that such a degraded built environment will be unfavorable to the inhabitants and will have a negative impact on both their mental and physical health. The attempt is to demonstrate that there are evidences according to which the housing conditions, inside and outside the accommodation, contribute to create psychological distress and physiological diseases.

The mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system in high-rise residential buildings considering the Influence of Stack effect

In high-rise buildings with large indoor and outdoor temperature difference,neglecting the effect of stack effect in smoke exhaust shafts may cause calculation error of the fluid network model.In this paper,the mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system considering the influence of stack effect was put forward and it can be inserted different range hood sub-models.Compared with the results of six working conditions of the model without considering the stack effect,the error of the proposed model were reduced by 7.6%,4.3%,4.1%,2.8%,2.4%,and 2.1%.While the indoor and outdoor temperature difference varies from−5℃ to 49℃,the effect of stack effect on the pressure in the flue and the flow rate for each user was studied for six operating rates s.The results show that under the combined effect of stack effect and flue resistance,the static pressure of the kitchen smoke exhaust system showed a low-high-low distribution,and the maximum static pressure in the flue moved toward the bottom with the increase of temperature difference.User flow rates exhibit a low-high-low-high distribution,with an increased flow rate in the bottom users and the largest flow rate in the top users.

Impact of window and air-conditioner operation behaviour on cooling load in high-rise residential buildings

Space cooling is an important building energy end-use that was found in recent years to be significantly impacted by occupant behaviours.However,the majority of previous studies ignored the interplay between the operation of windows and air conditioners(ACs)on cooling load,particularly in building energy modelling.In addition,studies on the analysis of cooling load characteristics regarding high-rise buildings are insufficient.The vertical effect of high-rise buildings on cooling load remains vague.This study thus aims to examine how window and AC operation behaviours impact the cooling load of high-rise buildings in an urban context demonstrated by a real-life typical 40-floor residential building in Hong Kong.This study investigates window and AC operation behaviours jointly and examines the vertical effect on cooling load by using agent-based building energy modelling(BEM)techniques and initiating stochastic and diverse behaviour modes.A carefully designed questionnaire survey was conducted to help build behaviour modes and validate energy models.Ninety building energy models were established integrating meteorological parameters generated by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)programme for ten typical floors and nine combinations of window and AC behaviour modes.The results show that comfort-based AC modes and schedule-based window modes yielded the lowest cooling load.Considering the combined effect of AC and window uses,the maximum difference in cooling loads could be 26.8%.Behaviour modes and building height induce up to 32.4%differences in cooling loads.Besides,a deviation between the behaviour modes and height on the cooling load was found.The findings will help develop a thorough energy model inferring occupants’window and AC behaviour modes along with the building height in high-rise residential buildings.The findings indicate that the interaction impact of window and AC behaviour modes and height should be jointly considered in future high-rise building energy modelling,building energy standards,and policymaking.

Resident's Floor Level Preference in High-Rise Residential Buildings in China:A Case Study of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province

With the constant advance of global urbanization and aggravation of urban construction land scarcity,high-rise residential buildings have become one of the main carriers of urban residential function on account of both land saving and large housing requirement.However,relevant studies on consumers' floor selection preference in high-rise residential buildings,regarding what inherent and regular features and causes it has,are still insufficient,despite that related issues have important practical significance for real estate developers and designers' decision making in terms of dwelling size ratio,floor area,indoor layout,and so on.This study,based on systematic examination of existing domestic and international researches,seeks to make empirical tests and generalization on the above issues from the aspect of "utility function"(safety,comfortableness,accessibility and economic efficiency) of the living environment that impacted by different floor levels,and floor selection features regarding consumers' social and family structure attributes,as well as the intrinsic correlation between them.The results show the existence of floor level preference in high-rise residential buildings.Its essence is a personalized characterization of consumers' social and family structures' attributes in selecting the "utility function" of the living environment,as the preference value differs under various attributes including gender,age,income,family members and others.

国家公园联动发展区宅基地盘活的模式选择:基于群体利益异质性的视角

研究目的:基于群体利益异质性视角,通过比较百山祖国家公园联动发展区内两个典型村庄的特征,辨析经济和社会利益异质性对宅基地盘活的农户自组织模式与政企合作模式选择的影响,为因地制宜选择国家公园联动发展区宅基地的盘活模式提供科学依据。研究方法:案例分析法、比较分析法。研究结果:(1)群体利益异质性所引致的选择性激励能促成宅基地盘活的集体行动;(2)资源禀赋、群体规模、人口流动频率的村庄特征影响群体利益异质性程度;资源禀赋较好、群体规模较小、人口流动频率较低的村庄经济和社会利益异质性较强,资源禀赋较好、群体规模较大、人口流动频繁的村庄经济利益异质性较强但社会利益异质性较弱;(3)经济和社会利益异质性均较强的村庄更容易形成农户自组织的宅基地盘活模式,经济利益异质性较强但社会利益异质性较弱的村庄则适用政企合作模式。研究结论:群体利益异质性是影响国家公园联动发展区宅基地盘活模式选择的关键因素。单一的强经济利益异质性不足以促成宅基地盘活的集体行动,还需发挥社会利益异质性对农户的内生激励作用,更好地落实国家公园全民共建共享的发展理念。

“三权分置”背景下集体托管对宅基地利用效率的影响研究

研究目的:在宅基地闲置细碎化与“房闲而地不闲”的困境下,梳理集体托管的形成逻辑并界定其内涵,探究集体托管对宅基地利用效率的影响,为盘活闲置宅基地、推动城乡融合发展与乡村全面振兴提供参考。研究方法:超效率DEA模型、Tobit回归模型。研究结果:(1)集体托管有利于发挥集体与农户的比较优势,有效缓解盘活宅基地的困境;(2)集体托管可提高宅基地利用效率,相比于未采纳托管的农户,采纳集体托管的农户,宅基地利用效率约高10.4%;(3)集体托管对宅基地利用效率的影响具有异质性,针对托管全部房屋、部分房屋的农户,分别适宜选择全过程托管、部分环节托管。研究结论:集体托管对于提高宅基地利用效率是有益探索;政府应积极推进“三权分置”制度,因村施策;集体经济组织应提升实力,创新托管形式、提升服务能力,为农户提供差异化方案,并做好权责界定。

宅基地使用权流转的合宪性分析

随着宅基地“三权分置”政策和地方改革试点深入推进,宅基地使用权流转问题受到学界关注,相关论争背后是宅基地使用权流转的合宪性命题。现行立法坚持农户居住自用、禁止向集体外流转的基本立场,反映出成员居住保障、农地农用、涨价归公等基于集体所有制的目的制约,彰显宅基地作为“公共财产”需要“合理利用”的宪法意涵。同时,宅基地使用权应当是集体成员的一项基本财产权利,宅基地制度改革政策以“扩权赋能”为基本方向,正是还原了宅基地使用权的基本权利属性。宅基地使用权流转与坚持集体土地所有制并不矛盾,现行法上相关限制性规定不具有合宪性。宅基地使用权在赋权流转的同时,应基于“合理使用”受到规划和用途管制之限制。

新中国成立以来乡民居住记忆场所变迁研究——以泛湘西北地区60个样本村为考察对象

新中国成立后,在中国式现代化进程中,泛湘西北地区乡民居住记忆场所经历了三个演变阶段,物态化和非物态化乡民居住记忆场所变迁趋向突出,导致乡民家庭记忆、乡村社会集体记忆的边界发生位移,乡村居住文化记忆面临解构的风险和重构的重大机遇。因此,必须在保护与传承中活化创新乡民居住记忆场所,形塑乡民家庭记忆和乡村社会集体记忆,构建乡村居住文化记忆新形态,以赓续过去、现在与未来关照下的乡土情感,使传统与现代有机链接,延续“乡愁”,建构连续不断的乡村记忆谱系,构筑乡村群体认同,推进乡村记忆共同体建设。

集体行动理论视角下多方共建的老旧小区加装电梯策略分析——以杭州市碧桂苑为例

随着我国人口老龄化程度不断加深,老旧小区适老化改造成为学者关注的热点。加装电梯作为适老化改造的一部分,因涉及人数多、意见难协调而陷入集体行动困境。政府补贴、多方共建模式在实际加梯类型中占比最大,但缺乏理论和实践层面的研究。文章通过引入集体行动理论,结合杭州市碧桂苑老旧小区加装电梯案例,分析该模式应对加装电梯集体行动困境的试点经验和现实瓶颈。在此基础上,分别从政府、企业、社区三个主体层面提出可行性策略,即设计选择性激励的政策体系;优化软、硬件,完善运营模式;建立自主治理组织。

“空心村”问题成因分析及解决对策

以河南省为例,介绍了"空心村"问题的现状及其危害,从制度、经济和观念方面分析了其形成原因,论述了"空心村"治理的必要性,并提出了"空心村"整治的对策与建议。

基于云理论的居民负荷集体谐波概率分布

电力电子型居民负荷和新能源装置在配电网中应用越来越广泛,其产生的集体谐波非常可观,对电力系统的影响与危害已不可忽视。文中提出一种基于云理论的居民负荷集体谐波评估方法,介绍了云模型和云变换的基本理论,阐述了基于云理论的居民负荷集体谐波评估流程。通过实际案例证明,采用云变换方法可精确拟合谐波电流概率分布曲线,能较好地呈现居民负荷谐波电流幅值分布曲线的多峰性,其95%概率最大值估计精度显著优于正态分布法。研究结果对分析居民谐波来源、确定谐波治理措施和监管政策具有重要意义。

河南省农村宅基地流转问题初探

农村土地流转问题是我国土地管理中的热点问题,也是难点问题 而农村宅基地流转问题又是农村土地流转问题中的一个重要方面 以农村宅基地为研究对象,在对河南省诸地实地调查研究的基础上,对河南省农村宅基地流转问题进行了初步的探讨,总结出河南省农村宅基地流转的主要形式,分析了宅基地流转中存在的问题,并提出了宅基地流转的原则及政策措施,以期为宅基地流转逐步走向制度化、规范化。

某住宅小区雨水资源利用分析

雨水资源化是解决水资源短缺的一条有效途径,建筑小区的雨水利用越来越受到重视,雨水资源可用于小区的绿化浇灌、浇洒道路和景观用水等方面。以某住宅小区为例,对雨水资源可利用潜力进行了分析,对雨水可利用量和需求量进行了计算。通过计算得出,雨水资源可满足小区杂用水量的47%。对小区雨水利用方式进行了设计,认为雨水收集系统的设计非常重要,尤其是车库顶部绿化地带的雨水收集。雨水收集采用塑料蓄排水盘,兼具防水、保持土壤湿润、通气的作用,收集后雨水可以贮存在小区人工湖内,进行简单的处理即可回用。

利用雨水收集回用系统实现城市小区雨水资源化

北方城市的缺水状况日益突出,严重限制了城市的发展和经济竞争力提高。发展城市小区雨水收集回用系统,充分利用雨水资源,对缓解城市用水紧张,提高城市防洪能力和保证城市的可持续发展都具有重要的意义。小区雨水收集回用系统包括雨水收集和雨水回用两个方面,由于小区地表与建筑物顶部受人类活动影响的程度不同,所以降落在上面的雨水水质也有很大差别。为了将水质不同的雨水分开利用,降低利用成本,雨水收集回用系统分成屋顶收集回用和地表收集回用两个不同部分。

宅基地“三权分置”的逻辑起点、政策要义及入法路径

研究目的:厘清宅基地"三权分置"改革的逻辑起点及政策要义,并探索其入法路径。研究方法:文义解释、结构解释和原意解释。研究结果:宅基地"三权分置"改革的新思路是针对"两权分离"架构下宅基地改革无法破解宅基地使用权的身份性"架空"其物权性这一突出问题提出的,它以既要坚持宅基地制度的农村住房保障功能,又要让宅基地活起来为改革目标,以打破现行宅基地使用权既是身份性居住保障权又是物权性财产权"两权复合"的结构为改革突破口,以宅基地资格权独立成权并承载农民居住保障功能、现行宅基地使用权转型纯化为典型用益物权并承载资产功能为主要改革内容。研究结论:宅基地"三权分置"入法,首先应在《民法总则》列举的民事权利类型这个坐标系中对宅基地"三权"分别进行定性,确定其各自所归属的权利类型,在此基础上,将宅基地"三权分置"的制度创新成果联接融入相应的民事权利制度体系中。

市井·集体·邻里:中国住区的开放空间与老龄交往及其关联研究——基于武汉多模式住区实证比较

在促进老年人健康视角下,基于类型学与结构方程模型,对武汉3种模式样本住区进行比较分析,探索中国当代城市老年人户外交往活动规律及其空间环境特征,以及二者之间的关联。结果表明:在3种类型住区开放空间环境中,老年人交往活动呈现出“市井式、集体式、邻里式”3种典型特征;住区开放空间的景观环境满意度、服务设施满意度、空间区位满意度、空间形态满意度与老龄户外交往活动质量均呈正向相关关系,且相关性依次减小;促进老年人交往活动导向下的住区开放空间适老化规划与设计,宜将提升空间的景观环境愉悦度、健身游乐设施多样性、场所区位可达性依次放于首位。

小产权房治理与《土地管理法》修改

研究目的:对《土地管理法》的修改和小产权房的治理提出建议。研究方法:现象溯因法,综合分析法。研究结果:只有解决制度障碍,通过合理的制度设计允许集体建设用地用于商品房开发和允许宅基地使用权有条件对外流转,才能从根本上治理小产权房。研究结论:正在修订的《土地管理法》不应禁止集体建设用地用于房地产开发,应允许宅基地使用权在一定条件下对外流转。

农村集体建设用地住宅用途入市的现实约束与赋能探索

研究目的:分析当前农村宅基地流转的现实约束,通过构建集体建设用地住宅用途入市的市场交易和收益分配机制,赋能宅基地制度改革。研究方法:文献资料法,案例分析法。研究结果:允许闲置宅基地转为集体经营性建设用地入市是城乡融合发展的重要路径。目前受到宅基地流转和集体经营性建设用地入市范围、用途的限制,试点地区的改革探索整体上是城乡二元土地制度的延续。农业转移人口市民化的闲置宅基地转为集体经营性建设用地,可以从商业和工业用途拓展到住宅用途入市,在城乡统一建设用地市场公开交易,城乡居民均可成为使用权主体,入市收益缴纳相关税费后由农民和集体共同分享。研究结论:深化宅基地制度改革的方向是城乡住宅用地具有平等的财产权能,协同推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴。