With the rapid expansion of e-commerce,its security and risk management problems become increasingly prominent.In the current business environment,the ability to understand and apply e-commerce security and risk manag...With the rapid expansion of e-commerce,its security and risk management problems become increasingly prominent.In the current business environment,the ability to understand and apply e-commerce security and risk management has become an important criterion to measure a good person.Therefore,the importance of e-commerce security and risk management courses in college education is self-evident.This course can not only help students master the basic knowledge of e-commerce,but also enable them to understand how to deal with various risks in practical work and ensure the safe operation of e-commerce.At the same time,through the study of e-commerce security and risk management,students can better understand the operation mode and law of e-commerce,and lay a solid foundation for their future career.In general,e-commerce security and risk management occupy an important position in the curriculum of colleges and universities,and play a crucial role in cultivating e-commerce professionals with practical operation ability and innovative thinking.展开更多
As the core course of finance and accounting major,the study of financial management knowledge plays a positive role in promoting students’understanding of the whole financial work and enriching financial knowledge.T...As the core course of finance and accounting major,the study of financial management knowledge plays a positive role in promoting students’understanding of the whole financial work and enriching financial knowledge.This paper analyzes the necessity of financial management curriculum reform,from the design ideas,teaching content,teaching mode,and teaching methods of several aspects of vocational college financial management curriculum reform work carried on the preliminary thinking,hoping to improve the teaching quality of this course will be helpful.展开更多
Guided by moral education,improving the ideological and moral quality of college students is an important goal of college education.To achieve this goal,it is necessary to strengthen ideological and political educatio...Guided by moral education,improving the ideological and moral quality of college students is an important goal of college education.To achieve this goal,it is necessary to strengthen ideological and political education and continuously improve the level of undergraduate management.This paper outlines the feasibility of collaborative cultivation of ideological and political education and undergraduate management in colleges and universities and analyzes its significance and the specific implementation strategies,with a view to providing valuable references for relevant colleges and universities to carry out educational work.展开更多
Vocational colleges are an important type of higher education in China.Higher vocational education aims to adapt to social needs and designs students’knowledge,ability,quality structure,and training plans based on th...Vocational colleges are an important type of higher education in China.Higher vocational education aims to adapt to social needs and designs students’knowledge,ability,quality structure,and training plans based on the cultivation of technical application skills.Emphasizing both theoretical teaching and practical training,graduates have the skills to work directly.At this stage,vocational education in China is in an important period of transformation and development.In order to better adapt to the rapid development of society,many vocational colleges have carried out management system reforms in student education management,with the aim of cultivating more high-quality and skilled talents that meet the needs of social development,and providing higher quality vocational education services for the country and society.In the process of physical education reform,due to regional and other factors,many reform models cannot adapt to the current situation of student education management in vocational colleges in the new era.Therefore,it is necessary to continuously explore new models suitable for vocational colleges.Based on the background of the physical education reform in vocational colleges,this article uses methods such as literature research and visits to analyze the current situation of education management in vocational colleges,the problems and possible reasons that exist in student education management in vocational colleges.This article discusses the possible new models of student education management in vocational colleges from the perspectives of repeated management methods,management concepts,management mechanisms,and evaluation systems,and elaborates on their new paths.Efforts are made to improve the management mode of student education in vocational colleges,innovate the management mechanism of vocational colleges,and actively explore the improvement of the management mode of student education in vocational colleges.展开更多
The national grants are a subsidy policy implemented by the government to help students with financial issues to complete their studies.It can promote the healthy development of China’s education and cultivate a larg...The national grants are a subsidy policy implemented by the government to help students with financial issues to complete their studies.It can promote the healthy development of China’s education and cultivate a large number of outstanding talents for the country.In specific practice,some higher vocational colleges did not take effective management measures after distributing the national grant,which prevented the national grant from playing its due role.Based on this,this article summarizes the problems in the management of higher vocational colleges after the issuance of national grants,explores effective management measures,and lists examples to summarize management experience,so as to provide guidelines for relevant personnel.展开更多
The rapid development and popularization of Internet technology has provided important support for the informatization reform of various industries.University books and materials have the characteristics of large quan...The rapid development and popularization of Internet technology has provided important support for the informatization reform of various industries.University books and materials have the characteristics of large quantities and difficult storage and management.Its digital storage and management platform construction can effectively realize the digital storage and real-time retrieval of books and materials,and help students and teachers to find and use books and materials more quickly.Especially in recent years,with the update of intelligent platforms and other technologies,the resource-sharing platform of university books and materials can realize more convenient book information retrieval without the limitation of time and space.This paper mainly explores the optimization path and platform construction scheme of university libraries and information management under the background of the Internet,hoping to provide some theoretical references for university library managers.展开更多
The coordination mechanism between the career development planning of vocational students and the management of vocational colleges is an important means to improve the quality of education and students’vocational co...The coordination mechanism between the career development planning of vocational students and the management of vocational colleges is an important means to improve the quality of education and students’vocational competitiveness.The application of synergy theory in the field of education emphasizes the interaction and coordination of various elements in the system and pursues the optimization of overall efficiency.Based on the theory of coordination and its relevance to the management of higher vocational colleges,this paper analyzes the current development status and problems of the coordination mechanism and puts forward the strategy of building an efficient coordination mechanism designed to enhance the students’employment competitiveness,promote the all-round development,and provide theoretical and practical support for the reform and development of higher vocational education.展开更多
With the rapid development of the Internet,the network ideology of colleges and universities is facing severe challenges.This paper deeply analyzes the root of the risk of network ideology and makes a specific investi...With the rapid development of the Internet,the network ideology of colleges and universities is facing severe challenges.This paper deeply analyzes the root of the risk of network ideology and makes a specific investigation of the status quo of network public opinion in colleges and universities.On this basis,the study explores and puts forward a series of targeted risk prevention and resolution strategies,aiming at providing a systematic solution for the network ideology security of colleges and universities.In this paper,with the combination of theory and practice as the path,we verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed strategy through the analysis of the implementation effect of the strategy.This study also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the prevention and control of ideological risks and public opinion guidance in universities under the network environment,which has important practical significance.With the continuous progress of network technology,the threats to the network ideology of colleges and universities are increasing.For example,the spread of false information has become a serious problem affecting the security of college network ideology.展开更多
The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular educa...The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular education stage of college registration management,it’s important to reinforce the registration management of affi liated college and put forward work ideas, formulate detailed measures. Thatcan regulate and optimize students’ learning behavior and promote school spirit, teaching style, study style, improve the effectiveness of theeducation of students.展开更多
In recent years, the scale of enrollment of college students has been expanded. As a result, in colleges teachers are badly needed for the basic course of college English. To solve this problem, big classes are adopte...In recent years, the scale of enrollment of college students has been expanded. As a result, in colleges teachers are badly needed for the basic course of college English. To solve this problem, big classes are adopted for college English teaching in some universities. And scientific management can guarantee the quality of college English teaching of big classes. Finally, this article introduces four tactics to manage college English teaching of big classes.展开更多
The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain ...The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain concepts of laws, morality and discipline to finally achieve the goal of education. This paper employed a famous theory of management, that is, the"broken window theory"in the research and finally concluded that the application of"broken window theory"in the daily management of colleges can immediately and effectively prevent some of students'bad behaviors and habits from being spread.展开更多
The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain ...The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain concepts of laws,morality and discipline to finally achieve the goal of education.This paper employed a famous theory of management,that is,the"broken win dow theory"in the research and finally concluded that the application of"broken window theory"in the daily management of colleges can immediately and effectively prevent some of students'bad behaviors and habits from being spread.展开更多
With the rapid development and furthering of higher education, most Chinese colleges have carried out large-scale enrollment program, which is a necessary improvement toward higher education reform. Meanwhile, the inc...With the rapid development and furthering of higher education, most Chinese colleges have carried out large-scale enrollment program, which is a necessary improvement toward higher education reform. Meanwhile, the increasing number of students has posed new problems and requirements for the old teaching method: the English teachers are facing more students and larger classes. In Zhejiang University, City College (ZUCC) the credit system and course selection has challenged the English teachers on a higher level. Every English teacher is facing classes of more than 40 students from various departments with sharp contrast among individual students in their English proficiency level and local background. How can every student actively participate in teaching activity so as to achieve better performance in English class? Many teachers, therefore, have adopted team activity and cooperative teaching method to stimulate student participation in class. Inspired by the management theory to optimize student groups into independent teams, the concept of team construction and team management has been introduced into College English Teaching in ZUCC, which has given new meaning to team activity--it will become an interdisciplinary teaching method with its own feature.展开更多
Summary:The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2,which first occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan,China.These days,in China,chest CT is used for diagnosis...Summary:The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2,which first occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan,China.These days,in China,chest CT is used for diagnosis of COVID-19,as an important complement to the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)test.Because of contacting with a large number of suspected or probable cases closely during chest CT examination,radiographers are easily infected with COVID-19.This article included the rearrangement of CT examination room in fever clinic,the rearrangement of human resources in radiology department,and the drafting of new operating procedures for radiologists who carry out CT examination on COVID-19 patients.This article also introduced the emergency management procedures of the department of radiology during the outbreak,and the experience of infection prevention for the staff of the department of radiology.展开更多
School safety is always an essential problem for every university in different districts and countries. This literature review aims at finding the effective way to figure out the crisis in the university. It firstly p...School safety is always an essential problem for every university in different districts and countries. This literature review aims at finding the effective way to figure out the crisis in the university. It firstly provides a brief introduction on what research has shown to be effective crisis management at colleges in America. Then, it will point out a number of gaps in the current research. Finally, it will provide questions for future researchers to answer and show the direction future research surrounding this topic can take.展开更多
BACKGROUND: We aimed to explore the impact of the emergency department length of stay(EDLOS) on the outcome of trauma patients.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on all trauma patients requiring hospitalizat...BACKGROUND: We aimed to explore the impact of the emergency department length of stay(EDLOS) on the outcome of trauma patients.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on all trauma patients requiring hospitalization between 2015 and 2019. Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on the EDLOS(<4 h, 4–12 h,12–24 h, and >24 h). Data were analyzed using Chi-square test(categorical variables), Student’s t-test(continuous variables), correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis for identifying predictors of short EDLOS and hospital mortality.RESULTS: The study involved 7,026 patients with a mean age of 32.1±15.6 years. Onefifth of patients had a short EDLOS(<4 h) and had higher level trauma team T1 activation(TTA-1), higher Injury Severity Score(ISS), higher shock index(SI), and more head injuries than the other groups(P=0.001). Patients with an EDLOS >24 h were older(P=0.001) and had more comorbidities(P=0.001) and fewer deaths(P=0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the predictors of short EDLOS were female gender, GCS, SI, hemoglobin level, ISS, and blood transfusion. The predictors of mortality were TTA-1(odds ratio [OR]=4.081, 95%CI: 2.364–7.045), head injury(OR=3.920, 95%CI: 2.413–6.368), blood transfusion(OR=2.773, 95%CI: 1.668–4.609), SI(OR=2.132, 95%CI: 1.364–3.332), ISS(OR=1.077, 95%CI: 1.057–1.096), and age(OR=1.040, 95%CI: 1.026–1.054). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with shorter EDLOS had different baseline characteristics and hospital outcomes compared with patients with longer EDLOS. Patients with prolonged EDLOS had better outcomes;however, the burden of prolonged boarding in the ED needs further elaboration.展开更多
Ketamine is a well-known dissociative anesthetic agent, and has been used over 50 years. Intranasal pathway is a mucosal way for absorbing agents to directly affect in brain via olfactory sheets, bypassing first pass ...Ketamine is a well-known dissociative anesthetic agent, and has been used over 50 years. Intranasal pathway is a mucosal way for absorbing agents to directly affect in brain via olfactory sheets, bypassing first pass metabolism and the blood brain barrier. The current uses of intranasal ketamine as an analgesic agent for acute pain management in emergency department are discussed in this review article. Using 'ketamine', 'pain or analgesia', and'intranasal' as keywords, a search of google scholar, Pubmed, web of science, and Medline database from 1970 until 2017 was performed. Finally, from 1204 papers extracted via primary search, 1088 papers were omitted and finally 10 studies were considered for further assessment. There were four observational studies, one case series and report and 5 clinical trials. Ketamine was used for acute pain control due to musculoskeletal trauma, burns, and painful procedures. A total of 390 cases were included in these studies. The studies used ketamine with doses ranging 0.45-1.25 mg/kg via intranasal pathway. Intranasal ketamine provides relatively rapid, well tolerated, and clinically significant analgesia for emergency department patients. Considering the lack of adequate studies and undetermined intranasal dose, it is better to conduct further high quality investigation in both adults and pediatrics.展开更多
The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".T...The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".The Land Resource Management discipline is a science that studies the use,allocation,and management of land resources and assets,and has comprehensive and practical features.In the context of the proposal of the rural revitalization strategy and the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the State Council,the importance of cultivating land resource management talents who understands both land planning and urban planning is self-evident,and the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline is receiving much attention.Taking the Land Resource Management discipline of Jiangxi Normal University,a key normal university in Jiangxi Province as an example,combining the characteristics of the discipline setting and the development process,we analyzed the existing problems in its development,so as to provide recommendations for the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline in local normal colleges and universities.展开更多
In the era of rapid development of informatization,the informatization construction of national higher vocational colleges has been in the period of application deepening.China's education system is deepening to t...In the era of rapid development of informatization,the informatization construction of national higher vocational colleges has been in the period of application deepening.China's education system is deepening to the development of mass education,and higher vocational colleges'adult continuing education plays a great role for the realization of education popularization.With the continuous expansion of continuing education enrollment scale,the diversified development of education mode,the higher complexity of continuing education management and the increase of management workload,the traditional management method has gradually become unapplicable.Higher vocational colleges can greatly improve the management level by promoting the informatization of education management according to their own professional or regional advantages.展开更多
文摘With the rapid expansion of e-commerce,its security and risk management problems become increasingly prominent.In the current business environment,the ability to understand and apply e-commerce security and risk management has become an important criterion to measure a good person.Therefore,the importance of e-commerce security and risk management courses in college education is self-evident.This course can not only help students master the basic knowledge of e-commerce,but also enable them to understand how to deal with various risks in practical work and ensure the safe operation of e-commerce.At the same time,through the study of e-commerce security and risk management,students can better understand the operation mode and law of e-commerce,and lay a solid foundation for their future career.In general,e-commerce security and risk management occupy an important position in the curriculum of colleges and universities,and play a crucial role in cultivating e-commerce professionals with practical operation ability and innovative thinking.
文摘As the core course of finance and accounting major,the study of financial management knowledge plays a positive role in promoting students’understanding of the whole financial work and enriching financial knowledge.This paper analyzes the necessity of financial management curriculum reform,from the design ideas,teaching content,teaching mode,and teaching methods of several aspects of vocational college financial management curriculum reform work carried on the preliminary thinking,hoping to improve the teaching quality of this course will be helpful.
文摘Guided by moral education,improving the ideological and moral quality of college students is an important goal of college education.To achieve this goal,it is necessary to strengthen ideological and political education and continuously improve the level of undergraduate management.This paper outlines the feasibility of collaborative cultivation of ideological and political education and undergraduate management in colleges and universities and analyzes its significance and the specific implementation strategies,with a view to providing valuable references for relevant colleges and universities to carry out educational work.
文摘Vocational colleges are an important type of higher education in China.Higher vocational education aims to adapt to social needs and designs students’knowledge,ability,quality structure,and training plans based on the cultivation of technical application skills.Emphasizing both theoretical teaching and practical training,graduates have the skills to work directly.At this stage,vocational education in China is in an important period of transformation and development.In order to better adapt to the rapid development of society,many vocational colleges have carried out management system reforms in student education management,with the aim of cultivating more high-quality and skilled talents that meet the needs of social development,and providing higher quality vocational education services for the country and society.In the process of physical education reform,due to regional and other factors,many reform models cannot adapt to the current situation of student education management in vocational colleges in the new era.Therefore,it is necessary to continuously explore new models suitable for vocational colleges.Based on the background of the physical education reform in vocational colleges,this article uses methods such as literature research and visits to analyze the current situation of education management in vocational colleges,the problems and possible reasons that exist in student education management in vocational colleges.This article discusses the possible new models of student education management in vocational colleges from the perspectives of repeated management methods,management concepts,management mechanisms,and evaluation systems,and elaborates on their new paths.Efforts are made to improve the management mode of student education in vocational colleges,innovate the management mechanism of vocational colleges,and actively explore the improvement of the management mode of student education in vocational colleges.
文摘The national grants are a subsidy policy implemented by the government to help students with financial issues to complete their studies.It can promote the healthy development of China’s education and cultivate a large number of outstanding talents for the country.In specific practice,some higher vocational colleges did not take effective management measures after distributing the national grant,which prevented the national grant from playing its due role.Based on this,this article summarizes the problems in the management of higher vocational colleges after the issuance of national grants,explores effective management measures,and lists examples to summarize management experience,so as to provide guidelines for relevant personnel.
文摘The rapid development and popularization of Internet technology has provided important support for the informatization reform of various industries.University books and materials have the characteristics of large quantities and difficult storage and management.Its digital storage and management platform construction can effectively realize the digital storage and real-time retrieval of books and materials,and help students and teachers to find and use books and materials more quickly.Especially in recent years,with the update of intelligent platforms and other technologies,the resource-sharing platform of university books and materials can realize more convenient book information retrieval without the limitation of time and space.This paper mainly explores the optimization path and platform construction scheme of university libraries and information management under the background of the Internet,hoping to provide some theoretical references for university library managers.
文摘The coordination mechanism between the career development planning of vocational students and the management of vocational colleges is an important means to improve the quality of education and students’vocational competitiveness.The application of synergy theory in the field of education emphasizes the interaction and coordination of various elements in the system and pursues the optimization of overall efficiency.Based on the theory of coordination and its relevance to the management of higher vocational colleges,this paper analyzes the current development status and problems of the coordination mechanism and puts forward the strategy of building an efficient coordination mechanism designed to enhance the students’employment competitiveness,promote the all-round development,and provide theoretical and practical support for the reform and development of higher vocational education.
文摘With the rapid development of the Internet,the network ideology of colleges and universities is facing severe challenges.This paper deeply analyzes the root of the risk of network ideology and makes a specific investigation of the status quo of network public opinion in colleges and universities.On this basis,the study explores and puts forward a series of targeted risk prevention and resolution strategies,aiming at providing a systematic solution for the network ideology security of colleges and universities.In this paper,with the combination of theory and practice as the path,we verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed strategy through the analysis of the implementation effect of the strategy.This study also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the prevention and control of ideological risks and public opinion guidance in universities under the network environment,which has important practical significance.With the continuous progress of network technology,the threats to the network ideology of colleges and universities are increasing.For example,the spread of false information has become a serious problem affecting the security of college network ideology.
文摘The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular education stage of college registration management,it’s important to reinforce the registration management of affi liated college and put forward work ideas, formulate detailed measures. Thatcan regulate and optimize students’ learning behavior and promote school spirit, teaching style, study style, improve the effectiveness of theeducation of students.
文摘In recent years, the scale of enrollment of college students has been expanded. As a result, in colleges teachers are badly needed for the basic course of college English. To solve this problem, big classes are adopted for college English teaching in some universities. And scientific management can guarantee the quality of college English teaching of big classes. Finally, this article introduces four tactics to manage college English teaching of big classes.
文摘The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain concepts of laws, morality and discipline to finally achieve the goal of education. This paper employed a famous theory of management, that is, the"broken window theory"in the research and finally concluded that the application of"broken window theory"in the daily management of colleges can immediately and effectively prevent some of students'bad behaviors and habits from being spread.
文摘The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain concepts of laws,morality and discipline to finally achieve the goal of education.This paper employed a famous theory of management,that is,the"broken win dow theory"in the research and finally concluded that the application of"broken window theory"in the daily management of colleges can immediately and effectively prevent some of students'bad behaviors and habits from being spread.
文摘With the rapid development and furthering of higher education, most Chinese colleges have carried out large-scale enrollment program, which is a necessary improvement toward higher education reform. Meanwhile, the increasing number of students has posed new problems and requirements for the old teaching method: the English teachers are facing more students and larger classes. In Zhejiang University, City College (ZUCC) the credit system and course selection has challenged the English teachers on a higher level. Every English teacher is facing classes of more than 40 students from various departments with sharp contrast among individual students in their English proficiency level and local background. How can every student actively participate in teaching activity so as to achieve better performance in English class? Many teachers, therefore, have adopted team activity and cooperative teaching method to stimulate student participation in class. Inspired by the management theory to optimize student groups into independent teams, the concept of team construction and team management has been introduced into College English Teaching in ZUCC, which has given new meaning to team activity--it will become an interdisciplinary teaching method with its own feature.
文摘Summary:The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2,which first occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan,China.These days,in China,chest CT is used for diagnosis of COVID-19,as an important complement to the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)test.Because of contacting with a large number of suspected or probable cases closely during chest CT examination,radiographers are easily infected with COVID-19.This article included the rearrangement of CT examination room in fever clinic,the rearrangement of human resources in radiology department,and the drafting of new operating procedures for radiologists who carry out CT examination on COVID-19 patients.This article also introduced the emergency management procedures of the department of radiology during the outbreak,and the experience of infection prevention for the staff of the department of radiology.
文摘School safety is always an essential problem for every university in different districts and countries. This literature review aims at finding the effective way to figure out the crisis in the university. It firstly provides a brief introduction on what research has shown to be effective crisis management at colleges in America. Then, it will point out a number of gaps in the current research. Finally, it will provide questions for future researchers to answer and show the direction future research surrounding this topic can take.
文摘BACKGROUND: We aimed to explore the impact of the emergency department length of stay(EDLOS) on the outcome of trauma patients.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on all trauma patients requiring hospitalization between 2015 and 2019. Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on the EDLOS(<4 h, 4–12 h,12–24 h, and >24 h). Data were analyzed using Chi-square test(categorical variables), Student’s t-test(continuous variables), correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis for identifying predictors of short EDLOS and hospital mortality.RESULTS: The study involved 7,026 patients with a mean age of 32.1±15.6 years. Onefifth of patients had a short EDLOS(<4 h) and had higher level trauma team T1 activation(TTA-1), higher Injury Severity Score(ISS), higher shock index(SI), and more head injuries than the other groups(P=0.001). Patients with an EDLOS >24 h were older(P=0.001) and had more comorbidities(P=0.001) and fewer deaths(P=0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the predictors of short EDLOS were female gender, GCS, SI, hemoglobin level, ISS, and blood transfusion. The predictors of mortality were TTA-1(odds ratio [OR]=4.081, 95%CI: 2.364–7.045), head injury(OR=3.920, 95%CI: 2.413–6.368), blood transfusion(OR=2.773, 95%CI: 1.668–4.609), SI(OR=2.132, 95%CI: 1.364–3.332), ISS(OR=1.077, 95%CI: 1.057–1.096), and age(OR=1.040, 95%CI: 1.026–1.054). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with shorter EDLOS had different baseline characteristics and hospital outcomes compared with patients with longer EDLOS. Patients with prolonged EDLOS had better outcomes;however, the burden of prolonged boarding in the ED needs further elaboration.
文摘Ketamine is a well-known dissociative anesthetic agent, and has been used over 50 years. Intranasal pathway is a mucosal way for absorbing agents to directly affect in brain via olfactory sheets, bypassing first pass metabolism and the blood brain barrier. The current uses of intranasal ketamine as an analgesic agent for acute pain management in emergency department are discussed in this review article. Using 'ketamine', 'pain or analgesia', and'intranasal' as keywords, a search of google scholar, Pubmed, web of science, and Medline database from 1970 until 2017 was performed. Finally, from 1204 papers extracted via primary search, 1088 papers were omitted and finally 10 studies were considered for further assessment. There were four observational studies, one case series and report and 5 clinical trials. Ketamine was used for acute pain control due to musculoskeletal trauma, burns, and painful procedures. A total of 390 cases were included in these studies. The studies used ketamine with doses ranging 0.45-1.25 mg/kg via intranasal pathway. Intranasal ketamine provides relatively rapid, well tolerated, and clinically significant analgesia for emergency department patients. Considering the lack of adequate studies and undetermined intranasal dose, it is better to conduct further high quality investigation in both adults and pediatrics.
文摘The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".The Land Resource Management discipline is a science that studies the use,allocation,and management of land resources and assets,and has comprehensive and practical features.In the context of the proposal of the rural revitalization strategy and the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the State Council,the importance of cultivating land resource management talents who understands both land planning and urban planning is self-evident,and the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline is receiving much attention.Taking the Land Resource Management discipline of Jiangxi Normal University,a key normal university in Jiangxi Province as an example,combining the characteristics of the discipline setting and the development process,we analyzed the existing problems in its development,so as to provide recommendations for the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline in local normal colleges and universities.
文摘In the era of rapid development of informatization,the informatization construction of national higher vocational colleges has been in the period of application deepening.China's education system is deepening to the development of mass education,and higher vocational colleges'adult continuing education plays a great role for the realization of education popularization.With the continuous expansion of continuing education enrollment scale,the diversified development of education mode,the higher complexity of continuing education management and the increase of management workload,the traditional management method has gradually become unapplicable.Higher vocational colleges can greatly improve the management level by promoting the informatization of education management according to their own professional or regional advantages.