This paper reports that a simulation of glow discharge in pure helium gas at the pressure of 1.333×10^3 Pa under a high-voltage nanosecond pulse is performed by using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carl...This paper reports that a simulation of glow discharge in pure helium gas at the pressure of 1.333×10^3 Pa under a high-voltage nanosecond pulse is performed by using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collisions （PIC-MCC） model. Numerical modelling results show that the cathode sheath is much thicker than that of anode during the pulse discharge, and that there exists the phenomenon of field reversal at relative high pressures near the end of the pulse, which results from the cumulative positive charges due to their finite mobility during the cathode sheath expansion. Moreover, electron energy distribution function （EEDF） and ion energy distribution function （IEDF） have been also observed. In the early stage of the pulse, a large amount of electrons can be accelerated above the ionization threshold energy. However, in the second half of the pulse, as the field in bulk plasma decreases and thereafter the reverse field forms due to the excessive charges in cathode sheath, although the plasma density grows, the high energy part of EEDF decreases. It concludes that the large volume non-equilibrium plasmas can be obtained with high-voltage nanosecond pulse discharges.展开更多
Radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma source(RF-CCP)with a hollow electrode can increase the electron density through the hollow cathode effect(HCE),which offers a method to modify the spatial profiles of the pl...Radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma source(RF-CCP)with a hollow electrode can increase the electron density through the hollow cathode effect(HCE),which offers a method to modify the spatial profiles of the plasma density.In this work,the variations of the HCE in one RF period are investigated by using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision(PIC/MCC)model.The results show that the sheath electric field,the sheath potential drop,the sheath thickness,the radial plasma bulk width,the electron energy distribution function(EEDF),and the average electron energy in the cavity vary in one RF period.During the hollow electrode sheath's expansion phase,the secondary electron heating and sheath oscillation heating in the cavity are gradually enhanced,and the frequency of the electron pendular motion in the cavity gradually increases,hence the HCE is gradually enhanced.However,during the hollow electrode sheath's collapse phase,the secondary electron heating is gradually attenuated.In addition,when interacting with the gradually collapsed hollow electrode sheaths,high-energy plasma bulk electrons in the cavity will lose some energy.Furthermore,the frequency of the electron pendular motion in the cavity gradually decreases.Therefore,during the hollow electrode sheath's collapse phase,the HCE is gradually attenuated.展开更多
The electron energy distribution function （EEDF）, predicted by the Boltzmann equation solver BOLSIG＋ based on the two-term approximation, is introduced into the fluid model for simulating the high-power microwave ...The electron energy distribution function （EEDF）, predicted by the Boltzmann equation solver BOLSIG＋ based on the two-term approximation, is introduced into the fluid model for simulating the high-power microwave （HPM） breakdown in argon, nitrogen, and air, and its validity is examined by comparing with the results of particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision （PIC/MCC） simulations as well as the experimental data. Numerical results show that, the breakdown time of the fluid model with the Maxwellian EEDF matches that of the PIC/MCC simulations in nitrogen; however, in argon under high pressures, the results from the Maxwellian EEDF were poor. This is due to an overestimation of the energy tail of the Maxwellian EEDF in argon breakdown. The prediction of the fluid model with the BOLSIG＋ EEDF, however, agrees very well with the PIC/MCC prediction in nitrogen and argon over a wide range of pressures. The accuracy of the fluid model with the BOLSIG＋ EEDF is also verified by the experimental results of the air breakdown.展开更多
采用粒子-蒙特卡罗模型(Particle in Cell-Monte Carlo Collision,PIC-MCC)对气体电子倍增探测器(Gas electron multiplier,GEM)的倍增放大过程进行了模拟,这对更好的理解和把握GEM的物理机理具有重要的意义。在电场分析的基础上,从GEM...采用粒子-蒙特卡罗模型(Particle in Cell-Monte Carlo Collision,PIC-MCC)对气体电子倍增探测器(Gas electron multiplier,GEM)的倍增放大过程进行了模拟,这对更好的理解和把握GEM的物理机理具有重要的意义。在电场分析的基础上,从GEM空间粒子数和粒子的空间分布随时间的变化分析GEM的倍增过程,并建立GEM增益和各边界层收集到的电子个数之间的关系。研究结果为进一步利用该模型对GEM优化结构、选择工作参数及探讨物理机理建立了基础。展开更多
利用基于PIC-MCC(Particle in cell-Monte Carlo collision)模型的OOPIC-PRO软件计算了107 cm荫罩式PDP实际单元和放大单元的放电,模拟结果表明相似放电单元具有相同的伏安特性,放电相对应时刻的空间粒子浓度分布相同,从数值实验角度验...利用基于PIC-MCC(Particle in cell-Monte Carlo collision)模型的OOPIC-PRO软件计算了107 cm荫罩式PDP实际单元和放大单元的放电,模拟结果表明相似放电单元具有相同的伏安特性,放电相对应时刻的空间粒子浓度分布相同,从数值实验角度验证了气体放电的重要定律:相似定律。在理论模拟的基础上,利用实际单元和放大单元的实验测试系统,测量并比较了放大单元和实际单元的放电电流,结果表明放大单元和实际单元的放电电流强度相当,但实际单元较放大单元的放电快约20倍。展开更多
In order to study the extraction and acceleration mechanism of the dual-stage grid,a three-dimensional model based on the Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision(PIC/MCC)method is performed.Dual-stage grid ion thruster...In order to study the extraction and acceleration mechanism of the dual-stage grid,a three-dimensional model based on the Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision(PIC/MCC)method is performed.Dual-stage grid ion thruster is a new type of electrostatic ion thruster,which can break through the limitations of traditional gridded ion thrusters,and greatly improve the specific impulse.The high performance also makes the grid sensitive to operating parameters.In this paper,the influence of grid parameters on xenon ion thruster’s performance in a wide range is systematically simulated,and the optimal operating condition is given.Both the over-focusing of the plume,and the transparency of the screen grid are improved,and the grid corrosion is reduced through simulation optimization.The specific impulse under the given working conditions is 9877.24 s and the thrust is 7.28 mN.Based on the simulation optimization,the limitation of the dual-stage grid is discussed.The grid performs well under high voltage conditions(>3000 V)but not well under low voltage conditions(<2000 V).Finally,since argon is cheaper and more advantageous in future engineering applications,the plasma distribution and grid extraction ability under xenon and argon are analyzed and compared to study the flexibility of the dual-stage grid ion thruster.The simulation results show that a set of optimal parameters is only applicable to the corresponding propellant,which needs to be optimized for different propellant types.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10775027)
文摘This paper reports that a simulation of glow discharge in pure helium gas at the pressure of 1.333×10^3 Pa under a high-voltage nanosecond pulse is performed by using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collisions （PIC-MCC） model. Numerical modelling results show that the cathode sheath is much thicker than that of anode during the pulse discharge, and that there exists the phenomenon of field reversal at relative high pressures near the end of the pulse, which results from the cumulative positive charges due to their finite mobility during the cathode sheath expansion. Moreover, electron energy distribution function （EEDF） and ion energy distribution function （IEDF） have been also observed. In the early stage of the pulse, a large amount of electrons can be accelerated above the ionization threshold energy. However, in the second half of the pulse, as the field in bulk plasma decreases and thereafter the reverse field forms due to the excessive charges in cathode sheath, although the plasma density grows, the high energy part of EEDF decreases. It concludes that the large volume non-equilibrium plasmas can be obtained with high-voltage nanosecond pulse discharges.
文摘Radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma source(RF-CCP)with a hollow electrode can increase the electron density through the hollow cathode effect(HCE),which offers a method to modify the spatial profiles of the plasma density.In this work,the variations of the HCE in one RF period are investigated by using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision(PIC/MCC)model.The results show that the sheath electric field,the sheath potential drop,the sheath thickness,the radial plasma bulk width,the electron energy distribution function(EEDF),and the average electron energy in the cavity vary in one RF period.During the hollow electrode sheath's expansion phase,the secondary electron heating and sheath oscillation heating in the cavity are gradually enhanced,and the frequency of the electron pendular motion in the cavity gradually increases,hence the HCE is gradually enhanced.However,during the hollow electrode sheath's collapse phase,the secondary electron heating is gradually attenuated.In addition,when interacting with the gradually collapsed hollow electrode sheaths,high-energy plasma bulk electrons in the cavity will lose some energy.Furthermore,the frequency of the electron pendular motion in the cavity gradually decreases.Therefore,during the hollow electrode sheath's collapse phase,the HCE is gradually attenuated.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB328904)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Chinathe Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The electron energy distribution function （EEDF）, predicted by the Boltzmann equation solver BOLSIG＋ based on the two-term approximation, is introduced into the fluid model for simulating the high-power microwave （HPM） breakdown in argon, nitrogen, and air, and its validity is examined by comparing with the results of particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision （PIC/MCC） simulations as well as the experimental data. Numerical results show that, the breakdown time of the fluid model with the Maxwellian EEDF matches that of the PIC/MCC simulations in nitrogen; however, in argon under high pressures, the results from the Maxwellian EEDF were poor. This is due to an overestimation of the energy tail of the Maxwellian EEDF in argon breakdown. The prediction of the fluid model with the BOLSIG＋ EEDF, however, agrees very well with the PIC/MCC prediction in nitrogen and argon over a wide range of pressures. The accuracy of the fluid model with the BOLSIG＋ EEDF is also verified by the experimental results of the air breakdown.
文摘采用粒子-蒙特卡罗模型(Particle in Cell-Monte Carlo Collision,PIC-MCC)对气体电子倍增探测器(Gas electron multiplier,GEM)的倍增放大过程进行了模拟,这对更好的理解和把握GEM的物理机理具有重要的意义。在电场分析的基础上,从GEM空间粒子数和粒子的空间分布随时间的变化分析GEM的倍增过程,并建立GEM增益和各边界层收集到的电子个数之间的关系。研究结果为进一步利用该模型对GEM优化结构、选择工作参数及探讨物理机理建立了基础。
文摘利用基于PIC-MCC(Particle in cell-Monte Carlo collision)模型的OOPIC-PRO软件计算了107 cm荫罩式PDP实际单元和放大单元的放电,模拟结果表明相似放电单元具有相同的伏安特性,放电相对应时刻的空间粒子浓度分布相同,从数值实验角度验证了气体放电的重要定律:相似定律。在理论模拟的基础上,利用实际单元和放大单元的实验测试系统,测量并比较了放大单元和实际单元的放电电流,结果表明放大单元和实际单元的放电电流强度相当,但实际单元较放大单元的放电快约20倍。
基金co-supported by the National Key R & D Program for Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation,China(No. 2021YFE0116000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12175032, 12102082 and 12275044),the National Natural Science Foundation of China+5 种基金the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (No. 12211530449)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. DUT22QN232)the S&T Program of Hebei, China (Nos. YCYZ202201 and 216Z1901G)the S&T Innovation Program of Hebei, China (Nos. SJMYF2022X18 and SJMYF2022X06)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department, China (No. ZC2023144)S&T Program of Langfang, China (No. 2022011039)
文摘In order to study the extraction and acceleration mechanism of the dual-stage grid,a three-dimensional model based on the Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision(PIC/MCC)method is performed.Dual-stage grid ion thruster is a new type of electrostatic ion thruster,which can break through the limitations of traditional gridded ion thrusters,and greatly improve the specific impulse.The high performance also makes the grid sensitive to operating parameters.In this paper,the influence of grid parameters on xenon ion thruster’s performance in a wide range is systematically simulated,and the optimal operating condition is given.Both the over-focusing of the plume,and the transparency of the screen grid are improved,and the grid corrosion is reduced through simulation optimization.The specific impulse under the given working conditions is 9877.24 s and the thrust is 7.28 mN.Based on the simulation optimization,the limitation of the dual-stage grid is discussed.The grid performs well under high voltage conditions(>3000 V)but not well under low voltage conditions(<2000 V).Finally,since argon is cheaper and more advantageous in future engineering applications,the plasma distribution and grid extraction ability under xenon and argon are analyzed and compared to study the flexibility of the dual-stage grid ion thruster.The simulation results show that a set of optimal parameters is only applicable to the corresponding propellant,which needs to be optimized for different propellant types.
