Study on the Introduction of Plants with Colored Foliage in Zhengzhou Area and Their Adaptability

[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily select the plants with colored foliage adaptable to Zhengzhou area. [Method] An introduction trial on 42 varieties with colored foliage was conducted, in which major ornamental characteristics, phenological phases and stress resistance of all the introduced plants with colored foliage were observed and the introduced plants were comprehensively evaluated. [Result] Golden-and Compound-leaved Maple, Red-leaved Sakura, Pink-and Compound-leaved Maple, Amur Maple, Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud with good performance were selected preliminarily, which can be applied for landscape in Zhengzhou area. Among them, Golden- and Compound-leaved Maple, Golden- and Silvery-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Smoketree can either be planted separately, or in a line as boulevard trees, or in groups as ornamental forest; Red-leaved Sakura, Pink- and Compound-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud can be planted in groups or separately in gardens, parks or alongside streets or in front of buildings; Amur Maple with high adaptability is a excellent tree species for afforesting barren mountain. [Conclusion] This study has not only provided new excellent germplasm sources for the landscaping in Zhengzhou area, thus favoring the improvement of local landscaping level, but also provides examples and references for the introduction of plants with colored foliage in the other areas.

Effects of Pigment Indicators on the Color Expression of Leaves of the Colored-leaf Garden Plants

[Objective] In this study, the relationship between the pigments and the color expression of leaves of colored-leaf plants was discussed. [Method] The colors of leaf blades of 6 kinds of plants were analyzed with the Royal Horticultural Soci-ety Colour Chart. The chlorophyl content, carotenoids content and anthocyanin con-tent in leaf blades were determined. In addition, the color types of leaf blades, kinds of pigments, pigment contents and pigment distributions of 6 kinds of plants were compared. [Result] The chlorophyl contents ranked as Populus canadensis Moench （green leaves） 〉 Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghuahongye （purple green leaves） 〉 Populus euramericana cv. Quanhong （red leaves）; Acer palmatum Thunb. （green leaves） 〉 Acer palmatum cv. Atropurpureum （purple red leaves） 〉 Acer pal-matum Thunb. cv. Atropurpureum （red leaves）. The ranking of anthocyanin contents was just opposite. The chlorophyl content was negatively related to the anthocyanin content. The leaf color of plants is determined by various pigments. The more the chlorophyl is, the greener the leaf is. The more the anthocyanin is, the redder the leaf is. In the colored-leaf plants, the chlorophyl content represents about 80% of the content of pigments, the carotenoids content represents about 17%, and the an-thocyanin represents about 3%. There is a difference in the chlorophyl content be-tween colored-leaf plants and green plants. However, the relatively low chlorophyl content wil not hamper the normal life activities of colored-leaf plants. [Conclusion] We hoped to provide reference and basis for the production and landscaping of col-ored-leaf plants.

Construction of Colorful Plant Landscape on Campus

In order to provide references for the landscape construction of color plants on campus, investigation was made on color plants in each part of campus,especially on their landscape characteristics, selection and allocation types.

Using Stochastic Colored Petri nets for Designing Multi-Purpose Plants

Designing of a multi-purpose plant as one of the well-known manufacturing systems is more challenging than other manufacturing systems. This paper applies a stochastic colored Petri net (CPN) to design and analyze multi-purpose plants. A simple approach is proposed to determine the utilization of shared resources and to reduce the equipment’s idle times. Three scenarios are presented to describe the proposed model. Generally, according to desire of a decision maker, different scenarios can be considered in the model to achieve to the expected design or plant configuration. The main characteristics of the proposed model are flexibility, the easiness of practical application and the simulation of the model in an easy way.

Investigation and Application of Colored-leaf Plants in Tibet

For the quantitative analysis of colored-leaf plants in Tibet,the five-point sampling method is used for stratified investigation of garden plant communities in Tibet.(i)There are a total of 46 families,76 genera and 110 species of garden colored-leaf plants in Tibet,including 56 kinds of trees,40 kinds of bushes,9 kinds of herbs,4 kinds of vines and 1 kind of bamboo.There are too few colored-leaf herbs and bamboos,and there is a serious imbalance between evergreen and deciduous trees,between coniferous and broad leaved forests.(ii)The most widely applied families include Rosaceae(26),Salicaceae(12),Fabaceae(6),Aceraceae(5),Oleaceae(4)and Elaeagnaceae(4),accounting for 23.64%,10.91%,5.46%,4.55%,3.64% and 3.64% of the investigated colored-leaf plants,respectively.(iii)In terms of color,there are 55 kinds of red plants,43 kinds of yellow plants and 12 kinds of plants with other colors,accounting for 50.00%,39.09%and 10.91% of colored-leaf plants,respectively.There are 9 kinds of spring color leaf plants,63 kinds of autumn color leaf plants,29 kinds of constant color leaf plants,7 kinds of double color leaf plants and 2 kinds of spot color leaf plants,accounting for 8.18%,57.27%,26.36%,6.36% and 1.82% of colored-leaf plants,respectively,indicating that it is dominated by autumn color leaf and constant color leaf plants.(iv)In terms of importance value of trees,the top two are Salix alba(37.623)and Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea(26.063); in terms of importance value of bushes,the top three are Ligustrum × vicaryi Hort(22.577),Berberis thunbergii‘atropurpurea Nana'(18.987)and Platycladus orientalis Franco cv.Sieboldii(10.529); in terms of importance value of herbs,the top two are Taraxacum sherriffii(0.915)and Oxalis triangu laris cv.purpurea(0.326).(v)In terms of species abundance of colored-leaf plants,it is in the order of Nyingchi(94)> Lhasa(47)> Qamdo(43)> Shannan(34)> Xigaze(21)> Ali(7)> Nagqu(5).There are great differences between regions: it is highest in Nyingchi while it is lowest in Nagqu.Based on the main problems in the application of colored-leaf plants in Tibet,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations.

Application of Colored-leaf Plants in Landscape Construction

With the gradual improvement of living standard, the public demands on landscaping have focused more on quality than on quantity, and plant furnishing has grown from singular green plants to colored-leaf plants with multiple layers. Confi guration of colored-leaf plants follows certain principles and patterns to enrich the beauty of plant landscaping, construct colorful urban green spaces, satisfy increasing application and aesthetic needs of the public, and reflect value of plant landscaping.

Dietary Plant Extracts Combined with Vitamin E Limit the Discoloration in Stored n-3 PUFA Rich Meat

In finishing cull-cows given n-3 PUFA-rich diets (for 101 ± 3 days preceding slaughter), the ability of vitamin E (2.8 g/animal/day) or vitamin E associated with plant extracts rich in polyphenols (PERP) (126 g/animal/day) to limit discoloration was evaluated on color attributes of Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST) processed meat. Color attributes were determined after muscles ageing and retail display in different packaging systems consisting in 14 d. under vacuum (V), 4 d. aerobic (A) or 7 d. under modified atmosphere (70:30, O2/CO2) (MA). Vit. E associated with PERP were able to limit color deterioration by decreasing metmyoglobin% in ST and LT for all tested packaging systems. The antioxidant association increased the L* coordinate and the oxygenation index as compared with vit. E alone. We show the possibility to limit color deterioration of processed beef by an original dietary antioxidant strategy during the finishing period.

基于城市印象理论的道路植物景观彩化规划

当前我国宏观层面的城市绿地系统规划和城市道路植物景观设计之间缺乏具体的参数指标导控,大多数城市道路景观普遍较为单一,存在“绿化有余、彩化不足”的共性问题。据此,文章基于城市印象理论,以浙江湖州南太湖新区道路植物景观彩化规划为例,提出城市中观尺度层面上的植物景观彩化规划和设计指标导控等策略,为改善城市道路景观品质和提高植物和植物景观多样性提供借鉴和参考。

不同行距和密度配置烤烟烟叶颜色量化分析

为了明确不同行距(R1,110 cm和R2,120 cm)和种植密度(D1,16500株·hm^(-2)和D2,19500株·hm^(-2))配置对烤烟烟叶颜色的影响,通过色差仪测定各处理初烤烟叶正面和背面颜色参数。结果表明,与R1相比,R2显著降低叶背面明度均匀度值(ΔL1)、红度值(a)和色差均匀度值(ΔE1)。与D1相比,D2显著提高烟叶明度值(L)、叶尖和叶中的黄度值(b)、黄度差值(Δb)、红度差值(Δa)和叶正面黄度均匀度值(Δb1),显著降低了色相角(H)。行距和种植密度互作中,R2D2的L显著高于R1D1。R1D1叶正面a显著高于R1D2,R1D2的Δa显著低于其他处理。R1D1和R1D2的Δb著低于R2D2,R1D1的Δb1显著低于R2D2。R2D2的叶正面ΔE1显著低于其他处理,R2D1和R2D2叶背面的ΔE1显著低于R1D2。R1D1的H显著高于R1D2和R2D2。由此可见,120 cm行距与种植密度16500株·hm^(-2)的配置有利于百色河谷烟区初烤烟叶的a、b、均匀度和H的提高,促进了该区烟叶高外观质量的形成。

基于色彩要素量化分析的郑州市龙子湖滨水公园植物群落景观评价

色彩丰富的季相植物景观能提供丰富的视觉感受,营造良好生活环境。以郑州市龙子湖滨水公园为研究对象,基于季节性色彩量化分析,采用AHP法与SBE法对选定的20个植物群落进行植物景观色彩评价,分析影响植物景观色彩质量的主要因子。结果表明,样地植物种类多样,色彩丰富度较高,对比度较低,景观整体色相值偏低,饱和度及明度适中,色彩特征鲜明;AHP法与SBE法虽侧重点不同但二者评价结果具有一致性,可共同应用于景观评价中;根据评价模型可知色彩数量C_(1)、明度指数C_(8)是影响植物景观美景度的主要因子。本次研究结果可为城市园林绿化植物种类的选择及景观塑造提供理论支撑。

“环境影响番茄果实色泽变化”实验的PBL教学实践

运用问题导向学习(PBL)教学方法,以番茄果实着色不均的品质问题为教学实验切入点,引导学生查阅文献解析影响果实品质的环境因子,鼓励学生基于文献查阅结果提出合理设想。根据实验假设,教师引导学生设计不同温度及光照强度组合的多因子实验。通过果实表型观察、叶绿素/番茄红素含量测定、果实硬度分析及荧光定量PCR检测基因表达等植物生理学综合性实验,逐步引导学生发现高温通过抑制番茄红素关键基因的表达抑制番茄红素的合成,从而导致果实着色不均的机理。通过实验,学生能切实感受农业生产与科学研究的紧密联系,体会理论指导实践的重要意义。因此,PBL法结合农业生产实际问题设计的教学实践对培养学生专业知识的综合应用、训练学生的科学思维及创新研究能力具有重要作用。

植物染发剂染色色牢度的研究

植物染发剂是近年来备受关注和追捧的一种染发方式,具有无刺激性、无毒副作用、可以调整染发色度和亮度等特点,越来越多的消费者选择使用植物染发剂染发。文章介绍了从颜色效果、染色牢度以及水质影响3个方面对海娜、靛蓝、木棉花、核桃叶4种植物染发剂进行的对比实验,实验采用完全随机设计方法,将植物染发剂随机分配给不同的实验组和对照组,设置不同的染发剂浓度和染发时间,以探究它们对染发效果和色牢度的影响。实验数据使用SPSS软件分析,并使用综合评价法对数据进行综合评估。评估得出,染发剂的染发效果和色牢度是一对矛盾体,选择染发剂时需考虑染发效果和色牢度之间的平衡,同时,水质也对染发效果和色牢度有重要影响。

Impact of Plant-Based Antimicrobial Washes on Sensory Properties of Organic Leafy Greens

The objective was to study the sensory attributes of organic leafy greens treated with plant antimicrobials and identify treatments most accepted by panelists. Organic leafy greens were washed with antimicrobials and stored at 4°C for 24 h prior to serving panelists. Antimicrobials evaluated include: 0.1% clove bud, lemongrass, oregano, or cinnamon essential oils;0.1% carvacrol or citral;3% grapeseed, apple, or 10%/7% olive extract;combination of essential oils with extracts;3% hydrogen peroxide;and untreated control. A randomized block design with an affective test was used and 60 panelists were asked to evaluate samples for preference liking based on a 9-point hedonic scale and for sensory attributes based on a 5-point hedonic scale. Changes in texture and color of leafy greens were measured using a Texture analyzer and a Chroma Meter, respectively. On the basis of preference liking, overall acceptability of spinach and lettuce treated with 0.1% cinnamon oil was ranked the highest (7.5 ± 1.4 and 7.1 ± 1.7, moderately liked), respectively. For texture analysis, washing iceberg lettuce with 0.1% oregano oil + 10% olive extract and spinach with 0.1% lemongrass oil + 1% apple extract yielded the highest firmness values of F = 783.1 ± 53.8 Newtons and 939.30 ± 35.2 Newtons, respectively. Based on the International Commission on Illumination CIE LAB color schemes, treatment with 0.1% oregano oil + 10% olive extract had the greatest impact on color of iceberg lettuce with the lowest L value* (44.5 ± 6.2) indicating the darkest color. These results will help identify plant antimicrobials that have the least impact on sensory properties of organic leafy greens and are preferred by consumers.

彩色小麦株高与籽粒性状的全基因组关联分析

彩色小麦的产量通常低于普通白粒和红粒小麦,籽粒偏小是原因之一。为解析控制彩色小麦产量性状的遗传基础,分析了239份彩色小麦品种(系)在4个环境下的表型特性和16 K SNP芯片基因型数据,对株高和籽粒性状(千粒重、籽粒长、籽粒宽和籽粒长宽比)的QTL进行了全基因组关联分析(genome-wide-association-study,GWAS)。结果显示,各表型性状的变异系数为5.11%~32.91%,广义遗传力为71.88%~97.00%,多数性状之间具有显著相关性。通过GWAS共筛选出26728个多态性SNP标记,定位到了17个与目标性状显著相关的稳定QTL位点,分布在1A、1B、1D、2B等12条染色体上,单个QTL解释5.26%~11.66%的表型变异,其中在3个环境下均被检测到的QTL有5个,分别为QPh.nwafu-4B.1、QKlwr.nwafu-1D、QKlwr.nwafu-4D、QKlwr.nwafu-5B.1和QKlwr.nwafu-6A.2;共发现10个未见报道的新QTL位点,分别为与株高相关的QPh.nwafu-4B.3,与千粒重相关的QTkw.nwafu-3B和QTkw.nwafu-6A,与籽粒长宽比相关的QKlwr.nwafu-1A、QKlwr.nwafu-1B、QKlwr.nwafu-4A、QKlwr.nwafu-5B.2、QKlwr.nwafu-6A.1和QKlwr.nwafu-6A.2。这些QTL位点初步表明了彩色小麦株高与籽粒性状基因位点的分布、组成,可为彩色小麦产量遗传改良提高参考。

系统发育和植物功能性状对新疆木本植物开花物候变化的影响

为揭示系统发育和植物功能性状对新疆木本植物开花物候的影响,以新疆乌鲁木齐、伊宁和喀什三地典型植物园或公园的木本植物为研究对象,利用系统发育信号值和系统发育广义最小二乘模型(Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares, PGLS),探究开花物候分布特征、谱系保守性以及功能性状的贡献率。结果表明:(1)新疆木本植物开花期集中在3月31日至4月20日,持续时间为(13.03±0.38)d。乔木、肉质果、彩色花和风媒植物分别比灌木、非肉质果、非彩色花和虫媒植物的开花早。(2)亲缘关系越近的物种开花物候特征越相似,系统发育信号值Pagel’sλ为0.67~0.74。(3)果实类型、花色和传粉方式与开花物候最相关,解释度为17.4%~31.6%。本研究证明系统发育和植物功能性状均能影响新疆木本植物开花物候,研究结果对阐明干旱区生物多样性维持机制和虫植关系具有重要意义。

施氮磷钾肥对短肋羽藓的生长生理及植株呈色的影响

短肋羽藓(Thuidium kanedae)是一种分布广泛、景观价值高的藓类植物,但目前缺乏相关的栽培研究。为获得适合短肋羽藓生长发育的最优施肥处理,该文以不施肥(CK)作为对照,采用尿素(N肥)、过磷酸钙(P肥)和硫酸钾(K肥)组合处理,设置3个施肥水平(1~3)的施肥方案。通过观测不同处理中短肋羽藓的生长长度、覆盖度和植株颜色占比,筛选有利于其生长及植株呈色的施肥方案,并测定优选施肥方案中苔藓相关生理指标的变化,以探讨施肥对短肋羽藓的生长生理特征的影响。结果表明:(1)N_(1)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理下植株覆盖度最大且显著均高于CK;植株长度以N_(1)、N_(2)K_(2)处理下最高且大于CK;N_(3)P_(3)K_(3)和N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理的植株绿度维持效果最好。(2)N肥、NK、NPK配施方案对短肋羽藓生长的促进作用最好,这些处理总体上植株叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量均高于CK,可溶性蛋白含量低于CK。(3)相关性分析表明:绿色占比与覆盖度呈极显著正相关,生长长度与植株叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关。综合分析可知,不同肥施处理对短肋羽藓的生长及植株呈色具有不同程度的影响,人工栽培的短肋羽藓施肥方案应以N肥为主,P、K配施为辅,其中,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)(N、P、K的施肥量依次为26、14、28 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1))处理下,短肋羽藓的生长状况和绿度最好。

葡萄风信子花序色彩公众喜好度评价

【目的】以17个种和栽培品种的葡萄风信子为材料,研究其花序色彩的公众喜好度。【方法】基于美景度评价法(SBE),采用网络问卷调查的形式,收集公众对葡萄风信子花序色彩的喜好度,并计算其SBE标准化值,提取影响公众喜好度的主要评价因子,建立评价模型。【结果】葡萄风信子花序色彩SBE值13个分值在0分以上,评价员对其表现较为普遍的积极态度(喜欢或很喜欢),不同性别、专业的评价员审美也具有相对一致性。经过向后(Backward)筛选因子建立模型:SBE=1.632+0.597X1-0.017X10+0.047X11-0.064X13。通过模型得到了影响葡萄风信子花序色彩公众喜好度的4个因子,分别为色彩鲜艳感(X_(1))、色相对比度(X_(10))、明度对比度(X_(11))和花序冠幅(X_(13)),这4个评价因子与公众喜好度呈极显著线性关系。各因子对葡萄风信子花序色彩公众喜好度的贡献率由大到小排序为:明度对比度>色彩鲜艳感>花序冠幅>色相对比度。【结论】葡萄风信子花序色彩的公众积极态度频率与SBE值均可体现公众喜好度变化趋势。SBE法适用于葡萄风信子花序的色彩评价,可以拓宽其应用领域。

食品王国大讲堂——“颜”之有理

以童话故事的形式,运用生动有趣的形象,通俗易懂的语言,由浅入深地引导人们透过植物性食品色彩丰富的外表以及常见的变色现象探寻其中蕴含的科学原理,从而帮助人们知其然更能知其所以然,加深对植物性食品中主要色素(叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素)结构与性质(溶解性与稳定性)的认识,增强对酶促褐变的原理以及阻褐方法的了解,建立对着色剂等食品添加剂的正确观念。

杭州西湖公园绿地春季植物群落色彩量化分析

选取杭州西湖花港观鱼及太子湾公园典型植物群落为研究对象,利用Matlab自拟程序提取植物群落图像色彩,结合SBE美景度评价分析植物群落色彩与公众视觉偏好的相关性。结果表明:群落样地的色相占比以黄色系和黄绿色系为主,明度和饱和度主要为中饱和度—低明度模式;美景度评价结果表明,植物群落春季视觉景观质量较好,红色(H1)、橙红色(H2)、橙色(H3)、橙黄色(H4)、灰色(GR)占比及春花类植物物种数量与美景度评价结果呈显著正相关,绿黄色(H7)、草绿色(H8)与美景度评价结果呈显著负相关。最后提出杭州西湖公园绿地植物群落色彩优化策略。

成都市区主要木本观花类植物观赏特性研究

2020年12月1日~2023年11月30日,对成都市木本观花植物的展叶期、花期、花色、花朵气味等进行调查研究,结合相关文献,掌握成都市主要木本观花植物本底资源,分析花色特性、花期、观赏期和气味,为成都市打造花园城市提供科学的依据和数据支撑。结果表明:1)成都市观花类木本植物123种,包括44科83属,其中蔷薇科(15.45%)、木兰科(12.20%)、豆科(8.94%)植物种类最多;2)成都市一年中四季均可观赏到木本花卉,但主要集中在春季和夏季,占木本观花植物物种总数的87.80%;3)木本观花植物的花期从7 d到半年以上均有,以花期30~60 d的为主,有68种,占成都市木本观花植物的55.28%;4)成都市木本观花植物的花色丰富,具有红色系、黄色系、绿色系、白色系、紫色系和蓝色系6种色系,以白色系(42.28%)和红色系(31.71%)为主;5)成都市观花类木本景观植物中,具有宜人香味的植物最多,有98种,占成都市开花类木本景观植物79.67%,占主要地位。基于成都市区木本观花植物和观赏特性,可进一步加大野生资源的开发利用,在增加城市景观多样性,避免景观同质化的同时,也能增加城市森林的生物多样性,促进城市森林群落结构稳定性,营建近自然的城市森林。