A comparison of animal color measurements using a commercially available digital color sensor and photograph analysis

An animal's pelage,feather,or skin color can serve a variety of functions,so it is important to have multiple standardized methods for measuring color.One of the most common and reliable methods for measuring animal coloration is the use of standardized digital photographs of animals.New tech no logy in the form of a commercially available handheld digital color sensor could provide an alter native to photography-based animal color measurements.To determine whether a digital color sensor could be used to measure animal coloration,we tested the ability of a digital color sensor to measure coloration of mammalian,avian,and lepidopteran museums specimens.We compared results from the sensor to measurements taken using traditional photography methods.Our study yielded significant differences between photography-based and digital color sensor measurements of brightness(light to dark)and colors along the green to red spectrum.There was no difference between photographs and the digital color sensor measurements for colors along the blue to yellow spectrum.The average difference in recorded color(AE)by the 2 methods was above the threshold at which humans can perceive a difference.There were sign讦icant correlations between the sensor and photographs for all measurements indicating that the sensor is an effective animal coloration measuring tool.However,the sensor's small aperture and narrow light spectrum range designed for human-vision limit its value for ecological research.We discuss the conditions in which a digital color sensor can be an effective tool for measuring animal coloration in both laboratory settings and in the field.

Design of tooth color measurement system based on silicon double P-N junction color sensor

Working principles of silicon double P-N junction color sensor are introduced and a color measurement system to distinguish tooth color difference is designed in this paper.This system consists of silicon double P-N junction,a small optical fiber probe,signal process circuit and an MSP430FG439 single-chip system.Small in size,this system can measure different parts of the tooth in a fast and convenient way with high-accuracy.Thus,this system will be very promising in building prosthodontics and tooth fabrication.

Difference in electron-and gamma-irradiation effects on output characteristic of color CMOS digital image sensors

Changes of the average brightness and non-uniformity of dark output images,and quality of pictures captured under natural lighting for the color CMOS digital image sensorsirradiated at different electron doses have been studied in comparison to those from theγ-irradiated sensors. For the electron-irradiated sensors, the non-uniformity increases obviouslyand a small bright region on the dark image appears at the dose of 0.4 kGy. The average brightnessincreases at 0.4 kGy, increases sharply at 0.5 kGy. The picture is very blurry only at 0.6 kGy,showing the sensor undergoes severe performance degradation. Electron radiation damage is much moresevere than γ radiation damage for the CMOS image sensors. A possible explanation is presented inthis paper.

Nanoscale color sensors made on semiconducting multi-wall carbon nanotubes

亚微米颜色传感器被开发，用碳 nanotubes (CNT ) 。颜色传感器由一连串的二根光电二极管组成与不同光谱回答，使用制作在单个半导体的双墙 CNT 上控制了电的剥离开和没有药的技术。CNT 光电二极管展出内在的女人光谱从 640 ～ 2,100 nm，超过 60 dB 的大线性动态范围，和亚微米象素的回答缩放。这个方法探索多墙 CNT 的唯一的性质，并且可以乐意地为高效颜色传感器数组的大规模制造被使用，当平行多墙 CNT 的数组变得可得到时。

Reactive Arrays of Colorimetric Sensors for Metabolite and Steroid Identification

The work described herein examines a rapid mix-and-measure method called DETECHIP suitable for screening of steroids and metabolites. The addition of steroids and metabolites to reactive arrays of colorimetric sensors generated characteristic color “fingerprints” that were used to identify the analyte. A color analysis tool was used to identify the analyte pool that now includes biologically relevant analytes. The mix-and-measure arrays allowed the detection of disease metabolites, orotic acid and argininosuccinic acid;and the steroids androsterone, 1,4-androstadiene, testosterone, stanozolol, and estrone. The steroid 1,4-androstadiene was also detected by this method while dissolved in synthetic urine. Some of the steroids, such as androstadiene, stanozolol, and androsterone were co-dissolved with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in order to increase solubility in aqueous buffered solutions. The colorimetric arrays do not intend to eliminate ELISA or mass spectroscopy based screening, but to possibly provide an alternative analytical detection method for steroids and metabolites.

New mixed broadcast scheduling approach using neural networks and graph coloring in wireless sensor network

Due to the mutual interference and sharing of wireless links in TDMA wireless sensor networks, conflicts will occur when data messages are transmitting between nodes. The broadcast scheduling problem （BSP） is aimed to schedule each node in different slot of fixed length frame at least once, and the objective of BSP is to seek for the optimal feasible solution, which has the shortest length of frame slots, as well as the maximum node transmission. A two-stage mixed algorithm based on a fuzzy Hopfield neural network is proposed to solve this BSP in wireless sensor network. In the first stage, a modified sequential vertex coloring algorithm is adopted to obtain a minimal TDMA frame length. In the second stage, the fuzzy Hopfleld network is utilized to maximize the channel utilization ratio. Experimental results, obtained from the running on three benchmark graphs, show that the algorithm can achieve better performance with shorter frame length and higher channel utilizing ratio than other exiting BSP solutions.

基于无微波金刚石NV色心测磁技术的电流测量应用

为了在特高压(UHV)环境下使用氮-空位(NV)色心量子测量技术,研究了金刚石主轴与磁场夹角对相应曲线及电流测量精度的影响。构建金刚石氮-空位七能级超精细结构模型,根据仿真结果得到不同磁场方向下最高灵敏度范围和最佳测量范围,从而确定探头的最佳放置角度。基于无微波金刚石氮-空位技术搭建了直流大电流测量实验平台,测试了100~5000A范围内荧光电压对电流的响应曲线。实验结果表明,该平台对5000A直流电流测量误差在0.25%以内。作为无源器件,无微波金刚石氮-空位色心测磁传感器全光纤信号传输具备良好耐压性能,同时可在室温下工作,并具有结构紧凑、灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰能力强等优势,适用于特高压环境下的直流电流测量,为传统电力行业检测提供了新的检测方法。

Sensor Robot Planning in Incomplete Environment

Aiming at the former formalized methods of robot planning should give the environment state, can not obtain the new knowledge of the environment. In order to improve the reason ability for obtaining new knowledge of the environment state, the actions in the process of planning such as external action and sensing action are formalized. A formalized reasoning method—CPNI (Colored Petri Net for Planning in incomplete environment) based on two kinds of actions is proposed, and the reasoning rule as Fluent Calculus in incomplete environment is applied. Robot planning experiment is modeled and simulated by using the tool CPNTools and the result shows the state knowledge of the door and the action sequence to reach the goal can be generated automatically in the CPNI net system.

基于光电积分法的纺织物颜色测量系统设计

利用高精度颜色传感器AS73211采集颜色信息并实现光信号到数字信号的转换,测量数据通过STM32核心控制单元传输上位机进行数据处理及显示,同时可以通过上位机发送指令控制系统的工作状态。系统实现了对纺织物颜色测量的自动化控制,有效提高了颜色测量的效率。为检验系统测量的准确性,进行了测试实验,实验结果表明:系统对多种纺织物色卡测量的结果与标准值的之间的色差小于0.4,测量结果准确,可应用于传统纺织、印染领域的纺织物颜色测量。

便捷式智能化大米新鲜度检测系统设计与应用

目的:实现大米新鲜度的快速无损检测。方法:研制一套基于纳米色敏传感器结合近红外光谱分析原理的便携式装置系统。对所采集到的不同掺陈度大米样品所对应色敏传感器的光谱数据,进行多梯度掺陈大米的鉴别与跨批次大米新鲜度的预测。结果:使用Si-CARS-PLS提取光谱特征变量,经LDA算法建模后判别模型的识别率最高,训练集和预测集的识别率分别为97.22%和95.83%。同时,PLSR模型预测跨批次数据具有更强的稳定性,不同批次大米样品数据训练集和预测集的相关系数(R_(c)、R_(p))均稳定在0.95左右,均方根误差(RMSEC、RMSEP)均低于0.2,相对分析误差(RPD)均大于3。结论:该系统具有准确率高、便捷和预测模型鲁棒性好等特点,在大米新鲜度的现场检测中有很好的应用前景。

航天传感器响应波段星等计算方法

精确的恒星星等信息是开展导航星表建立、航天器定姿、红外相机定标等工作的基础,现有公开星表涵盖测光波段不全且带宽普遍较窄,难以找到与任务传感器响应波段相匹配的星等信息。为此提出了一种基于恒星辐射光谱的传感器响应波段星等计算方法。该方法利用公开星表数据信息,建立星表测光波段与传感器响应波段星等差值模型,对星表星等与传感器响应波段星等差值进行估算;将色指数计算的恒星近似表面温度作为先验信息,在传感器响应波段区间进行普朗克方程求解,进而推算恒星在传感器响应波段的星等。星表数据计算验证表明,该方法具有较好的稳健性和适应性,对传感器响应波段星等推导精度为0.066等(1δ),93.3%恒星推算误差优于0.2等,可满足导航星表建立、航天器定姿、红外相机定标等应用需求。

提高镭射光柱卡纸色标光检测信号识别精度研究

目的针对凹版印刷以镭射光柱纸作为承印物,镭射光柱对色标检测传感器产生干扰,致使镭射光柱纸不能使用传统套印工艺进行印刷,提出一种可直接在镭射光柱区域直接印刷套准色标的新工艺与技术方案。方法对色标传检测感器检测原理进行分析,分析镭射光柱纸的特点以及对色标传感器造成的干扰。根据镭射光柱光谱反射率曲线来进行滤光镜片的选取,同时也加入衰减镜片以及消光膜进行组合实验测量电压,实验使用松德凹印机组进行。以白卡纸套印电压作为参考,选取不同镜片组合进行生产打样。结果镜片组合可以滤除镭射光柱,色标传感器能准确检测色标光信号,上机打样满足高精度多色套印,且不需要复杂的镂空、遮盖工艺,节省了一组色序,并节省了2%的承印物原材料。结论对色标检测传感器检测原理的分析以及对镭射光柱纸的光谱反射率曲线的测量,实现了使用滤光镜片组合对镭射光柱的滤除,证明了套准标记可直接印刷在镭射光柱区域的可行性。同时,提高了承印物的利用率,减低了油墨使用量。

暗场显微镜下的彩色“纳米星”

具有独特局域表面等离子共振散射特性的贵金属纳米粒子,在可见光区域表现出明显的吸收和散射光谱特性。在过去的几十年中,基于纳米金和纳米银溶液的可视化颜色传感器,被广泛应用在金属离子、生物分子、农药等灵敏检测。自2000年,暗场显微镜的出现,实现了纳米尺度下等离子共振散射光谱的精准获取,将传感尺度从传统的实验试管发展到单纳米颗粒界面。单颗粒检测消除了本体溶液中大量纳米粒子产生的平均效应,可提供更加准确的反应信息。纳米粒子的散射光谱主要取决于颗粒的尺寸、形貌、成分以及颗粒间耦合作用等,因此,具有特定散射颜色的单个纳米粒子,可以作为优异的纳米探针。这篇综述聚焦于单颗粒纳米传感,首先介绍了纳米粒子局域表面等离子共振的原理和发展历史。随后,主要讨论了单个贵金属纳米粒子作为颜色编码传感器,在生物分子、环境污染物以及能源等领域的应用,尤其是基于单颗粒的原位纳米光谱电化学传感及其在电催化反应中的应用。例如,利用纳米粒子的溶出和生长过程,精巧地设计了针对不同待测物的纳米探针。另一方面,对单纳米粒子结构演变过程的原位监测,也有助于对纳米材料制备机理的理解。最后,着重探讨了纳米颜色传感器信号提取放大的检测手段,包括将肉眼识别的颜色转换为可读的三原色信息以及偏振光检测技术等,进一步扩展单颗粒颜色传感的应用范围。

光控护目镜色号检测仪

光控护目镜是一种新型的焊接防护装置,随着对劳动保护的重视其使用率越来越广泛;色号是护目镜透光率的一种非线性定义。色号检测仪是色号检测的专用装置,主要由光源光路、前/后端传感器驱动电路、信号调理电路、高精度A/D转换电路以及控制器等组成。传感器驱动电路采用零偏置工作模式,结合二阶有源滤波电路以及具有陷波滤波的ADS114S08高精度A/D转换器,实现信号的滤波处理和数字化采集;其中A/D转换器集成程控放大功能,实现透光率的大动态范围的采集;通过对标准色号滤光片的检测和相关数据处理分析,对色号检测仪的性能进行验证。测试结果显示,色号检测仪的线性度和精度符合设计要求。色号检测仪实现色号的精准检测以及人机交互功能。

基于颜色识别的新型智能盲杖研究

盲道是引导盲人前行和辨别方向的一种无障碍设施。为了优化盲人的出行环境,文章提出了一种基于色彩识别的新型盲杖与盲道涂装更新相结合的方式,通过对色彩盲道的识别判断盲道的方向并且提示盲人前方走向及路面障碍物情况,以方便盲人安全出行,致力于提高城市盲道的有效使用率,为智慧城市建设提供参考。

基于改进PERCLOS的疲劳驾驶检测系统的设计

针对疲劳驾驶事件频发、检测难度较高的问题,设计一种基于改进PERCLOS的疲劳驾驶检测系统。以搭载CMOS摄像头的OpenMV作为主控,实时检测驾驶人的人脸图像,采用基于Haar特征的Cascade分类器来分割人眼区域,再从人眼区域内提取瞳孔的颜色深度特征,计算得出人眼开合度,从而判断驾驶员是否在眨眼。使用眨眼频率替代PERCLOS算法中的眼睛闭合时间的评价指标,结合方向盘握力特征和汽车横向加速度特征进行多传感器信息融合,综合判断驾驶员是否处于疲劳状态。实验结果表明,系统检测准确率达到90%以上,实时性较强,能够以一种低成本方案解决疲劳驾驶检测的需求。

柔性PET基底上带消影层ITO薄膜的设计和磁控溅射制备

针对ITO(氧化铟锡)薄膜所制作的触控模组存在明显蚀刻痕迹而严重限制其下游广泛应用的问题,首先根据薄膜光学理论计算得到带消影层ITO薄膜(Nb2O5/SiO2/ITO)在5个特征波长处达到最佳消影效果的膜层厚度,再用TFCLAC光学软件验证该带消影层ITO薄膜在500~780 nm可见波段的光学消影效果,最后通过卷对卷磁控溅射法制造该带消影层的ITO薄膜,继而制成触控模组,以验证其蚀刻痕迹的改善效果。结果表明:最佳带消影层ITO薄膜中Nb2O5、SiO2和ITO层的厚度分别为10、48和42 nm。该带消影层ITO薄膜在蚀刻前后的反射率差在1%~2%之间,色差较小,平均透过率达到85.64%,方阻为84.70Ω。该带消影层薄膜制作的触控模组上几乎看不见蚀刻痕迹,可满足严苛的视觉要求。

基于TCS230的新型双路颜色传感器的研制

介绍了一种基于C8051F300单片机和TCS230的智能高速双路颜色传感器,讨论了它的工作原理,并给出了系统的实现方案、硬件结构和测试程序。

基于TCS230传感器的颜色检测系统

为了提高传统颜色传感器颜色识别的效果与速度，减少识别误差，简化电路，将美国TAOS公司的TCS230高分辨率可编程颜色传感器与单片机89C2051相结合，设计了一种新型颜色检测系统，给出了该检测系统的硬件设计电路及颜色识别测试流程。该系统的精度可达10位以上，响应频率2～500kHz，具有可编程、采用数字信号输出、抗干扰能力强等特性，在光强检测控制领域得到广泛应用。