Investigation of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions using color doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, and computed tomography dacryocystography

AIM:To observe the imaging features of color Doppler ultrasound(CDU)and computed tomography(CT)or computed tomography dacryocystography(CT-DCG)in different types of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions(SOLs).METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 21 patients with lacrimal sac SOLs who underwent lacrimal sac surgery between January 2018 and March 2022.The imaging features of CDU and CT or CT-DCG in these patients were extracted from the examination cloud system.The images were observed and analyzed.RESULTS:The detection rate of lacrimal SOLs between CDU(21/21,100%)and CT or CT-DCG(20/21,95.2%)had no statistically significant difference(P=1.0).CDU could detect the blood flow signals in all SOLs except mucocele and mucopeptide concretion.Among them,polyps had characteristic imaging changes on CDU and CT-DCG.The mucoceles and mucopeptide concretions had characteristic imaging changes on CDU,which could provide more information for differential diagnosis.CONCLUSION:The morphology and internal blood flow signals of lacrimal sac SOLs can be observed using CDU.CT or CT-DCG has advantages in observing structural damage around the lacrimal sac mass.Therefore,CDU may be used as a routine examination to exclude lacrimal sac SOLs before dacryocystorhinostomy in the absence of preoperative CT or CT-DCG.

Hemodynamic analysis of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis using color Doppler ultrasound

AIM： To study the portal hemodynamics and their relationship with the size of esophageal varices seen at endoscopy and to evaluate whether these Doppler ultrasound parameters might predict variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. METHODS： One hundred and twenty cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices but without any previous bleeding were enrolled in the prospective study. During a 2-year observation period, 52 patients who had at least one episode of acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage constituted the bleeding group, and the remaining 68 patients without any previous hemorrhage constituted the non-bleeding group. All patients underwent endoscopy before or after color Doppler-ultrasonic examination, and images were interpreted independently by two endoscopists. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects, matched to the patient group in age and gender. Measurements of diameter, flow direction and flow velocity in the left gastric vein （LGV） and the portal vein （PV） were done in all patients and controls using color Doppler unit. After baseline measurements, 30 min after oral administration of 75 g glucose in 225 mL, changes of the diameter, flow velocity and direction in the PV and LGV were examined in 60 patients with esophageal varices and 15 healthy controls. RESULTS： The PV and LGV were detected successfully in 115 （96%） and 105 （88%） of 120 cirrhotic patients, respectively, and in 27 （90%） and 21 （70%） of 30 healthy controls, respectively. Among the 120 cirrhotic patients, 37 had F1, 59 had F2, and 24 had F3 grade varices. Compared with the healthy controls, cirrhotic group had a significantly lower velocity in the PV, a significantly greater diameter of the PV and LGV, and a higher velocity in the LGV. In the cirrhotic group, no difference in portal flow velocity and diameter were observed between patients with or without esophageal variceal bleeding （EVB）. However, the diameter and blood flow velocity of the LGV were significantly higher for EVB （＋） group compared with EVB （-） group （P〈0.01）. Diameter of the LGV increased with enlarged size of varices. There were differences between F1 and F2, F1 and F3 varices, but no differences between F2 and F3 varices （P = 0.125）. However, variceal bleeding was more frequent in patients with a diameter of LGV 〉6 mm. The flow velocity in the LGV of healthy controls was 8.70＋1.91 cm/s （n = 21）. In patients with liver cirrhosis, it was 10.3＋2.1 cm/s （n = 12） when the flow was hepatopetal and 13.5＋2.3 cm/s （n = 87） when it was hepatofugal. As the size of varices enlarged, hepatofugal flow velocity increased （P〈0.01） and was significantly different between patients with F1 and F2 varices and between patients with F2 and F3 varices. Variceal bleeding was more frequent in patients with a hepatofugal flow velocity 〉15 cm/s （32 of 52 patients, 61.5%）. Within the bleeding group, the mean LGV blood flow velocity was 16.6＋2.62 cm/s. No correlation was observed between the portal blood flow velocity and EVB. In all healthy controls, the flow direction in the LGV was hepatopetal, toward the PV. In patients with F1 varices, flow direction was hepatopetal in 10 patients, to-and-fro state in 3 patients, and hepatofugal in the remaining 18. The flow was hepatofugal in 91% patients with F2 and all F3 varices. Changes in diameter of the PV and LGV were not significant before and after ingestion of glucose （PV： 1.41＋1.5 cm before and 1.46＋1.6 cm after; LGV： 0.57＋1.7 cm before and 0.60＋1.5 cm after）. Flow direction in the LGV was hepatopetal and to-and-fro in 16 patients and hepatofugal in 44 patients before ingestion of glucose. Flow direction changed to hepatofugal in 9 of 16 patients with hepatopetal and to-and-fro blood flow after ingestion of glucose. In 44 patients with hepatofugal blood flow in the LGV, a significant increase in hepatofugal flow velocity was observed in 38 of 44 patients （86%） with esophageal varices. There was a relationship between the percentage changes in flow velocity and the size of varices. Patients who responded excessively to food ingestion might have a high risk for bleeding. The changes of blood flow velocity in the LGV were greater than those in the PV （LGV： 28.3＋26.1%, PV： 7.2＋13.2%, P〈0.01）, whereas no significant changes in the LGV occurred before and after ingestion of glucose in the control subjects. CONCLUSION： Hemodynamics of the PV is unrelated to the degree of endoscopic abnormalities in patients with liver cirrhosis. The most important combinations are endoscopic findings followed by the LGV hemodynamics. Duplex-Doppler ultrasonography has no value in the identification of patients with cirrhosis at risk of variceal bleeding. Hemodynamics of the LGV appears to be superior to those of the PV in predicting bleeding.

Diagnostic value of different color ultrasound diagnostic method in endometrial lesions

BACKGROUND Endometrial lesions include endometrial cancer and inferior fibroids.Among them,endometrial cancer as a malignant tumor seriously endangers the life and health of patients.Ultrasonography is an important means of diagnosing female reproductive system diseases,and it is of critical value for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer.However,different ultrasound inspection programs have achieved different results.It is of great significance to choose a suitable inspection program.AIM To explore the diagnostic efficacy of different ultrasonic examination methods in clinical endometrial lesions.METHODS The 140 patients with endometrial lesions who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to October 2019 were used as the research subjects.All patients underwent transvaginal color ultrasound and transabdominal color ultrasound.We compared the diagnostic coincidence and image display effects of the two different examination methods,and the endometrial thickness,blood flow,uterine effusion and resistance index of different diseases were observed by transvaginal color ultrasound.RESULTS The diagnostic coincidence rate of all types of diseases of transvaginal color ultrasound was significantly higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound(P=0.001,0.005,0.001 and 0.001).In addition,the excellent and good rate of image display of transvaginal color ultrasound was higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound(P=0.001).There were significant differences in endometrial thickness in patients with different types of endometrial lesions through the transvaginal color examination(P=0.001).The incidence rate of uterine effusion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in patients with other types of endometrial lesions(P=0.001),and the rate of the blood flow was the highest(P=0.001).The comparison of blood flow resistance index indicated that the blood flow resistance index in endometrial cancer patients was the lowest,which shows that the difference was statistically significant(P=0.001).CONCLUSION The overall diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal color ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions is better than that of transabdominal color ultrasound,which held higher diagnostic coincidence rate and image display effect.There were significant differences in the thickness of the endometrium and the blood flow in different types of lesions.

Clinical Evaluation of Color Doppler Ultrasound in Selecting the Optimal Treatment Modality for Infantile Hemangioma

Objective We investigated the efficacy and safety of 1064 nm Nd： YAG laser, intense pulsed light （IPL）, and lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of hemangioma, in order to evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound guidance in choosing the optimal treatment modality. Methods Infantile patients who were clinical diagnosed as hemangiomas were randomly divided into group A, who had color Doppler ultrasound examinations before the treatment, and group B who had the treatment without ultrasound evaluation. Patients in the group A were assigned into subgroups according to the depth of lesion by sonography： group A-1 for those who had a lesion depth 〈1.2 mm, and took intense pulsed light therapy; group A-2 for those who had a lesion depth ≥1.2mm and 〈 3 mm, and took long pulse 1064 nm Nd：YAG laser therapy; group A-3 for those who had a lesion depth ≥3mm and 〈5 mm, and were treated by IPL combined with long pulse 1064 nm Nd：YAG laser treatment; Group A-4 for those who had a lesion depth ≥5 mm, and took lauromacrogol injection therapy. Patients in the group B took long pulse 1064 nm Nd：YAG laser treatment without preoperative ultrasound evaluation. The efficacy and adverse reactions of the treatments between the groups were evaluated and compared statistically. Results Totally 113 patients with 128 skin lesions were enrolled in this study, 85 in the group A （mean age 6.8±7.9 months） and 28 in the group B （mean age 6.9±9.9 months）. The mean depth of hemangioma was 3.3±1.1 mm in the group A, ranging from 0.5-7.8 mm, with 0.8±0.4 mm, 2.2±0.4 mm, 4.2±0.6 mm and 6.2±0.7 mm in group A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively. The cure rates and effective rates in the group A were significantly higher than those in the group B （cure rates： 64.5% vs 56.3%, U=3.378, P=0.045; effective rates： 89.5% vs 78.1%, U=4.163, P=0.041）. The adverse effect rates of the group A （vesicle 20.0%, pigmentation 46.9%, scarring 17.7%） were lower than those of the group B （vesicle 21.9%, pigmentation 60.4%, scarring 25.0%）. Incidences of pigmentation and scarring were statistically significantly different （U=3.884, P=0.034, and U=4.016, P=0.032 respectively） between the two groups. Conclusion With the guidance of color Doppler ultrasound, the efficacy and safety of long pulse 1064 nmNd：YAG laser, intense pulsed light, and lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of infantile hemangioma have better outcomes compared to laser treatment alone without preoperative ultrasound examination.

Correlation Study of Color Doppler Examination of Deep Veins of Both Lower Extremities Combined with Fibrinolysis System in Hypertension during Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the correlation between deep static color Doppler ultrasound of both lower extremities combined with fibrinolytic system detection in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: A total of 70 normal pregnant women, 70 pregnant women with hypertension during pregnancy, and 50 healthy non-pregnant women in the same period were selected as the research objects. The deep veins of both lower limbs were examined by Rili Erlangshen’s color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument (CDU), and the fibrinolysis system was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and automatic hemagglutination analyzer. Results: Compared with the non-pregnant group, the inner diameters of the left/right femoral vein (CFV) and popliteal vein (POV) in the normal pregnancy group and the pregnancy-induced hypertension group were significantly widened, and the peak blood flow spectrum was significantly reduced. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01);FIB, PLG, t-PA, PAI, D-Dimer were significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01);Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the inner diameter of the left/right femoral vein (CFV) in the hypertensive pregnancy group was significantly wider than that in the normal pregnancy group, and the peak value of the left/right POV blood flow spectrum was significantly lower than that in the normal pregnancy group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while the left/right popliteal vein (POV) inner diameter, left/right CFV blood flow peak value did not change significantly from the normal pregnancy group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05);FIB, PLG, PAI, D-Dimer of the hypertensive disease group during pregnancy significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while t-PA was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Normal pregnant women have a hypercoagulable state compared with healthy non-pregnant women, and pregnant women with hypertension during pregnancy are more likely to be in a pre-thrombotic state than pregnant women with normal pregnancy. Deep vein CDU examination of both lower extremities combined with blood fibrinolysis monitoring is of great value in the prevention and treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.

Assessment of Uterine Receptivity by Endometrial and Subendometrial Blood Flows Measured by Vaginal Color Doppler Ultrasound in Women Undergoing IVF Treatment

Objective To evaluate endometrial and subendometrial blood flows measured by vaginal color Doppler ultrasound as a predicator of endometrial receptivity in women undergoing IVF treatment. Methods A total of 119 infertile patients undergoing the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycle were recruited. Three groups were divided according to a color Doppler ultrasound examination performed on the day of hCG injection. Group A, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were 2 branches and below; group B, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were between 3 and 4 branches; group C, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were 5 branches and above. Patients were transferred 1-3 embryos each. Demographic data, ovarian responses, endometrial thickness, PI, RI, development of embryo and IVF result among groups were compared. Results Demographic data, ovarian responses, endometrial thickness, PI, RI and development of embryo among groups have no significant difference. The pregnancy rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B （P〈0.05） and group C （P〈0.01）. The implantation rate of group A was significantly lower than than of group C （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference of the rate of pregnancy and implantation between group B and group C （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Endometrial and subendometrial blood flows measured by vaginal color Doppler ultrasound is a good predicator of pregnancy during IVF treatment. A good endometrial and subendometrial blood flows is benefit for the result of IVF.

Evaluation of Prognosis of Brain Function with Early Transcranial Color Doppler Ultrasound in Patients after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of transcranial color Doppler ultrasound (TCCD) in assessing cerebral function after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 52 patients with cardiac arrest treated by CPR from January 2018 to January 2020, and its clinical data were analyzed. According to classification of cerebral performance category (CPC), 31 cases (CPC grade 1 - 2) were selected in the good prognosis group and 21 cases (CPC grade 3 - 5) in the poor prognosis group. The cerebral blood flow was measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCCD) 24 h after CPR, and the differences were compared between the two groups in stroke index, diastolic blood flow velocity (Vd), systolic peak blood flow velocity (Vs) and mean peak blood flow velocity (Vm). The ROC curve of cerebral blood flow after CPR was drawn to predict the prognosis of brain function. Results: The data showed that the pulsatility index of middle cerebral artery of the poor prognosis group decreased within 24 h;the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05);the Vd, Vs, Vm increased in the good prognosis group;the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The ROC curve of cerebral blood flow after CPR was drawn to predict the prognosis of brain function, and the results showed that the area under the curve and the optimal critical value of cerebral blood flow were 0.731 and 5.69. The sensitivity and specificity were 67.3% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusion: The cerebral blood flow increase in the early stage of successful CPR is positively correlated with the prognosis of cerebral functional resuscitation. Monitoring intracranial blood flow after CPR by TCCD has clinical value to evaluate prognosis of brain function.

Diagnosis of parathyroid tumor using Color Doppler ultrasound

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Diagnosis and treatment experience of atypical hepatic cystic echinococcosis type 1 at a tertiary center in China

BACKGROUND Some hydatid cysts of cystic echinococcosis type 1(CE1)lack well-defined cyst walls or distinctive endocysts,making them difficult to differentiate from simple hepatic cysts.AIM To investigate the diagnostic methods for atypical hepatic CE1 and the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgeries.METHODS The clinical data of 93 patients who had a history of visiting endemic areas of CE and were diagnosed with cystic liver lesions for the first time at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(China)from January 2018 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical diagnoses were made based on findings from serum immunoglobulin tests for echinococcosis,routine abdominal ultrasound,high-frequency ultrasound,abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan,and laparoscopy.Subsequent to the treatments,these patients underwent reexaminations at the outpatient clinic until October 2023.The evaluations included the diagnostic precision of diverse examinations,the efficacy of surgical approaches,and the incidence of CE recurrence.RESULTS All 93 patients were diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts by conventional abdominal ultrasound and abdominal CT scan.Among them,16 patients were preoperatively diagnosed with atypical CE1,and 77 were diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts by high-frequency ultrasound.All the 16 patients preoperatively diagnosed with atypical CE1 underwent laparoscopy,of whom 14 patients were intraoperatively confirmed to have CE1,which was consistent with the postoperative pathological diagnosis,one patient was diagnosed with a mesothelial cyst of the liver,and the other was diagnosed with a hepatic cyst combined with local infection.Among the 77 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts,4 received aspiration sclerotherapy of hepatic cysts,and 19 received laparoscopic fenestration.These patients were intraoperatively diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts.During the followup period,none of the 14 patients with CE1 experienced recurrence or implantation of hydatid scolices.One of the 77 patients was finally confirmed to have CE complicated with implantation to the right intercostal space.CONCLUSION Abdominal high-frequency ultrasound can detect CE1 hydatid cysts.The laparoscopic technique serves as a more effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool for CE.

TCD脑血流监测在颈动脉内膜剥脱术中指导血压调控的应用

目的探讨经颅彩色超声多普勒系统(TCD)监测脑血流在颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)中指导血压个体化调控的作用。方法选择2018年12月至2020年12月在邢台市第三医院收治的140例拟行CEA治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者,其中男性74例,女性66例;年龄45~65岁,平均年龄57.41岁;糖尿病10例,高血压12例;美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级:Ⅱ级30例,Ⅲ级110例。采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组分为70例。对照组采用传统手段控制血压,研究组根据TCD脑血流参数指导调节血压。术中连续监测两组患者的有创动脉压力并对大脑中动脉平均血流速度进行监测。记录两组各个时刻点大脑中动脉血流速度(Vm)及外周有创动脉收缩压,比较两组患者围术期相关指标,统计术中心动过速/心动过缓发生次数及术后心脑血管事件发生情况。结果研究组术中硝酸甘油、去甲肾上腺素用量低于对照组[(34.87±10.27)μg vs(48.56±6.92)μg、(15.97±4.54)μg vs(24.15±3.99)μg。P<0.05],心动过缓发生率明显少于对照组(2.86%vs 19.40%。P<0.05)。在T00、T0、T3和T4时,两组间Vm值和收缩压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在T1和T2时,研究组Vm值和收缩压明显低于对照组[T1:(38.87±6.19)cm/s vs(44.42±4.16)cm/s,(119.84±8.12)mmHg vs(150.78±6.51)mmHg;T2:(29.46±4.58)cm/s vs(34.94±3.64)cm/s,(142.04±10.91)mmHg vs(152.23±5.84)mmHg。P<0.05]。其中两组患者在T2时Vm值显著下降[(29.46±4.58)cm/s vs(34.94±3.64)cm/s。P<0.05],收缩压值显著上升[(142.04±10.91)mmHg vs(152.23±5.84)mmHg。P<0.05]。研究组术后并发症发生率低于对照组(7.14%vs 20.90%。P<0.05)。研究组CEA后颈动脉超声心动图改变或术后再狭窄<50%、50%~69%和继发血栓形成的患者数明显少于对照组(2.86%vs 11.94%、2.86%vs 13.43%、1.43%vs 8.96%、0.00%vs 5.97%。P<0.05)。结论TCD监测颈动脉狭窄患者脑血管血流动力学对CEA麻醉中血压的调控具有较好的指导意义,有利于实现血压个体化调控,提高血压调控准确率,减少心脑血管事件的出现。

乳腺超声影像评分系统在乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别中的应用效果

目的:分析乳腺超声影像评分系统在乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年8月—2023年7月昆山市第二人民医院收治的62例乳腺肿块患者作为研究对象,均行彩色多普勒超声检查,运用乳腺超声影像评分系统进行乳腺肿块良恶性的鉴别诊断,以病理诊断结果为“金标准”,分析乳腺超声影像评分系统鉴别乳腺肿块良恶性的效能。结果:病理诊断结果显示,62例乳腺肿块患者中,良性肿块38例(61.29%),恶性肿块24例(38.71%)。乳腺超声影像评分系统诊断结果显示,62例乳腺肿块患者中,良性肿块36例(58.06%),恶性肿块26例(41.94%)。乳腺超声影像评分系统鉴别乳腺肿块良恶性的准确率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值依次为87.10%(54/62)、87.50%(21/24)、86.84%(33/38)、80.77%(21/26)、91.67%(33/36)。结论:乳腺超声影像评分系统鉴别乳腺肿块良恶性的效能较好,有助于病情评估,可为治疗方案的制定提供参考依据,值得临床应用。

基于彩色多普勒超声参数及CAR、SII构建宫颈癌淋巴结转移的风险预测模型

目的构建基于彩色多普勒超声参数及C-反应蛋白白蛋白比(CAR)、全身免疫炎症指数(SII)的宫颈癌淋巴结转移的风险预测模型。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2024年3月期间郑州颐和医院收治的152例宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,按照有无淋巴结转移分为淋巴结转移组61例和非淋巴结转移组91例,比较两组患者的临床特征、彩色多普勒超声参数及CAR、SII,采用二元Logisitic回归分析宫颈癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,并构建风险预测模型,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析预测模型对宫颈癌淋巴结转移的预测效能。结果淋巴结转移组患者的肿瘤大小<2 cm占比、临床分期Ⅱa占比、浸润深度浅1/3占比、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)与非淋巴结转移组比较更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而淋巴结转移组患者的肿瘤大小>4 cm占比、临床分期Ⅱb占比、浸润深度深1/3占比、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、CAR、SII与非淋巴结转移组比较更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logisic回归分析结果显示,浸润深度(深1/3)、PSV、CAR、SII均是宫颈癌淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.05),而PI、RI是宫颈癌淋巴结转移的保护因素(P<0.05)。风险预测模型=2.227×浸润深度(深1/3)+0.285×PSV+(-24.753)×PI+(-17.186)×RI+16.530×CAR+0.008×SII,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合度检验显示,χ^(2)=6.999,P=0.5379,模型拟合优度较好,ROC分析结果显示,风险预测模型预测宫颈癌淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.960,约登指数为0.802,敏感度、特异度分别为96.7%、83.5%,95%CI为0.932~0.987,实际应用准确性为89.5%。结论基于彩色多普勒超声参数及CAR、SII构建的宫颈癌淋巴结转移风险预测模型的预测价值较高。

Color Doppler ultrasonographic examination on the relationship between the gallbladder bed and major branch of the middle hepatic vein

BACKGROUND: There is a controversy about the risk of injury to the branch of the middle hepatic vein during lapa- roscopic cholecystectomy. This study was conducted to further investigate the relationship between the gallbladder bed and the branch of the middle hepatic vein. METHODS: Color Doppler ultrasound was used to exa- mine the anatomical relationship between the gallbladder bed and the branches of the middle hepatic vein in 143 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Not all the middle hepatic vein extended close to the gallbladder bed, the branches and gallbladder beds in 23 subjects were not in the same plane during ultrasound scanning. In 21 of the 143 subjects the branch of the middle hepatic vein was completely adherent to the gallbladder bed with a diameter ranging from 1.2 mm to 3.6 mm. In 10 subjects the branches of the middle hepatic vein traversed approximately 1.0 mm from the gallbladder bed with a dia- meter ranging from 1.6 mm to 3.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: In most subjects the branch of the middle hepatic vein and the gallbladder bed are well separated. Only patients with large branches of the middle hepatic vein close to the gallbladder bed are at risk of hemorrhage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Paper Clinical Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease of Diabetes Patients

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of diabetic lower extremity vascular diseases. Methods: 48 patients with diabetic lower extremity vascular disease admitted in our hos-pital from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in the study and divided into the observation group, and another 48 patients with the same period of health examination in our hospital were included in the study and divided into the control group. Both groups used color Doppler ultrasound to detect the blood flow of lower extremity vessels. The incidence of blood flow, vascular diameter and stenosis, occlusion and arteriosclerosis of the lower extremity were observed. Results: The blood flow and vascular di-ameter of the lower extremity in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of vascular stenosis, vascular occlusion, thrombus, intimal thickening and plaque in the observation group was 85.42%, 22.92%, 10.42% and 93.75% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group was 10.42%, 0.00%, 0.00% and 14.58% (p < 0.05). The incidence of lower extremity vascular lesions in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound is of high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of diabetic lower extremity vascular diseases, and can be used to determine the blood flow of the lower extremity and the inner diameter of popliteal artery, thigh artery, dorsalis pedis artery and so on. At the same time, it can also clearly show the specific situation of vascular occlusion, arteriosclerosis and thrombosis, which is of great signif-icance for the prevention and diagnosis of lower extremity vascular lesions, and can provide the basis for the treatment of lower extremity vascular lesions.

Role of color Doppler flow imaging in applicable anatomy of spleen vessels

AIM： To explore the role of color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） in visualization of spleen vessels and to define its value for spleen micro-invasive operation. METHODS： A total of 36 patients requiring laparoscopic splenectomy （LS） for various hematopathies and autoimmune diseases were randomly selected from April 2005 to May 2008. Anatomic types of spleen pedicle, adjacent relations between spleen vessels and pancreas, diameters of spleen artery and vein were detected and recorded by preoperative CDFI. Different operative procedures were performed according to different anatomic frameworks. The parameters were recorded by telerecording during LS and compared with those by preoperative CDFI using Chi-square test. RESULTS： Two anatomic types of spleen pedicle and four different adjacent relations between spleen vessels and pancreas were detected by CDFI. The diameters of spleen artery and vein detected by CDFI were 0.46 ± 0.09 cm and 0.85 ± 0.35 cm, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the parameters recorded by CDFI and by telerecording （X^2 = 0.250, 0.677, P 〉 0.05）. LS was successfully performed following the anatomic information provided by preoperative CDFI.CONCLUSION： Different anatomic frameworks of spleen vessels can be provided by preoperative CDFI, which instructs micro-invasive operation of spleen and increase the safety of operation.

输尿管结石急诊患者CT和超声结果比较

目的:探讨急诊输尿管结石患者的泌尿系平扫CT和泌尿系彩超的选择。方法:回顾性分析晋江市医院急诊科2020年1月至12月收治的输尿管结石患者的临床资料。根据所选择的影像学检查将其分为CT组和彩超组,总共967例,其中CT组382例,彩超组585例。CT组均行泌尿系平扫CT检查,彩超组均行泌尿系彩超检查。比较两组患者的输尿管结石、肾周炎和/或输尿管炎的检出率;比较患者对检查过程及检查结果的满意率。结果:CT组输尿管结石、肾周炎/输尿管炎的检出率较彩超组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CT组对检查结果及检查过程满意率较彩超组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于输尿管结石患者,泌尿系平扫CT在判断病情、明确有无相关并发症优于泌尿系彩超,对于无明显禁忌症患者可作为输尿管结石患者影像学检查的优先选择。

New Approach to Measuring the Ankle and Toe Brachial Indices as New Markers for Early Detection of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Background: Lower extremity Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, or Plaque buildup, that reduces the blood flow to the legs and feet. PAD affects approximately 230 million adults worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and leg amputation. The first-line method for diagnosis of PAD is the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), which is the ratio of ankle to brachial higher systolic pressure measured in ankles and arms. The Toe Brachial Index (TBI), which is the ratio of the toe systolic pressure to brachial higher systolic pressure measured in both arms, is considered to be an alternative to the ABI in screening for PAD. The ABI and TBI are measured on the right and left side, and the lower of these numbers is the patient’s overall ABI and TBI. Clinical studies and meta-analysis reviews have shown that the conventional ABI measurement, which uses a cuff, and handheld sphygmomanometer and continuous-wave Doppler tracings, provides an acceptable-to-high specificity level but low sensitivity when compared with vascular color Doppler ultrasound, and/or angiography methods. Another study has shown that the TBI measurement has greater sensitivity but lower specificity than the ABI when compared with vascular color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic based on waveforms. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the VasoPad System comparing its results to the vascular color doppler ultrasound waveforms. Materials and Methods: The VasoPad System is an automated device using the pulse wave method to measure the arms and ankles dorsalis and tibial posterior artery blood pressures, the photoplethysmography second derivative (PTGSD) to estimate the toe systolic pressure, a patented photoplethysmography (PTG) index marker and volume plethysmography via cuffs during deflation. Vascular Color Doppler ultrasound can diagnose stenosis through the direct visualization of atherosclerosis or plaques and through waveform analysis. The vascular color Doppler ultrasound provides 3 waveform types. The type 1, triphasic waveform is normal blood flow and no atherosclerosis or plaque, the type 2, diphasic waveform is seen when there are atherosclerosis plaques, but normal blood flow, and the type 3, monophasic waveform reflects stenosis with diameter reduction > 50%. Results: The sum of the overall ABI and TBI VasoPad values, called Sum of Brachial Indices (SBI), gave a specificity of 88.89% and sensitivity of 100% for detecting vascular color Doppler ultrasound biphasic and monophasic waveforms versus triphasic waveforms with a cutoff ≤ 1.36 (P Conclusion: The VasoPad was useful for detecting PAD, which is fully defined as having vessel stenosis > 50% (Doppler monophasic waveforms) but also early stage of atherosclerosis plaque of the lower extremities (Doppler biphasic waveforms). The VasoPad method provided a remarkable sensitivity of 100% and a specificity level similar to those of the conventional ABI test method compared with the vascular color Doppler ultrasound. In addition to being useful to screen and detect PAD, the VasoPad offers early detection of lower extremity atherosclerosis, with normal blood flow (Doppler biphasic waveforms), which could provide greater treatment options and thus reduce the overall number of lower extremity complications.

乳腺彩超BI-RADS分类在乳腺结节中的临床应用

目的探讨彩色超声乳腺影像报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)分类在乳腺结节良恶性诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2020年9月至2022年12月医院收治的60例乳腺结节患者(共78个结节)作为研究对象。所有患者均接受病理检查及彩色超声BI-RADS分类,以病理检查结果为金标准,分析彩色超声BI-RADS分类对乳腺结节良恶性的诊断效能及与病理检查结果的一致性。结果病理检查结果显示,78个结节中良性52个,恶性26个。彩色超声BI-RADS分类结果显示,78个结节中1类28个,2类13个,3类12个,4类16个,5类9个。以病理检查结果为金标准,彩色超声BI-RADS分类的诊断灵敏度为80.77%,特异度为92.31%,准确度为88.46%,阳性预测值为90.57%,阴性预测值为84.00%。Kappa检验结果显示,彩色超声BI-RADS分类对乳腺结节良恶性的诊断结果与病理检查结果的一致性理想(Kappa=0.738,P<0.05)。结论彩色超声BI-RADS分类诊断乳腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均较高,且诊断结果与病理检查结果的一致性理想。

超声诊断单脐动脉畸形影像学特征、器官畸形发生及分娩结局分析

目的:分析单脐动脉畸形的超声诊断特征与遗传学信息。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月-2022年10月本院产前检查超声检查5465例诊断出单脐动脉畸形128例(单脐组)孕产妇资料,同期不伴有单脐动脉畸形的孕产妇128例为对照组,观察单脐动脉畸形的超声诊断特征及分娩结局(获得了关于产前超声诊断特征和产后结局等的详细数据。结果:单脐动脉畸形发生率为2.3%,单脐组剖宫产率、早产率、引产率及小于胎龄儿比例均高于对照组,胎儿出生体重、1 min及5 min Apgar评分均低于对照组,脐动脉收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期流速的比值(25.8%)及阻力指数异常升高比例(21.1%)均高于对照组(9.4%、7.0%)(均P<0.05);单脐组伴有至少1个器官系统异常31例(24.2%),其中29.0%发现有染色体异常,泌尿系统畸形发生率最高为15例、其次是心血管系统为11例,伴有器官系统异常的胎儿羊水减少(9.7%)和羊水增加(6.0%)比例高于不伴有器官系统异常胎儿(1.0%、0)(P<0.05)。单脐动脉畸形的超声诊断特征为下腹部仅可显示1红1蓝的彩色信号;下腹部横切面仅见1条脐动脉血流信号;失去正常“品”字结构,呈“吕”字形。结论:产前超声诊断单脐动脉畸形具有影像学特征,诊断后需要对胎儿进行结构观察,重点观察泌尿系统和心血管系统,如发现相关畸形及时进行基因检测。

飞利浦iU22彩色超声诊断仪病人数据恢复探讨

随着超声造影、三维彩超、谐波成像、计算机软件等技术的飞速发展,超声诊断作为6大影像学诊断之一,在医院各个科室的应用数量快速增长。本文阐述了现代彩色超声诊断仪的发展以及在各类临床疾病诊治中的重要作用。本文主要分析了飞利浦iU22超声诊断仪病人数据恢复需要注意的问题,包括常见故障现象特征、产生故障的原因分析、维修原则、维修的方法、日常工作中注意事项等,结合实际工作论述了数据故障的恢复检修方法。