Behavior of slender steel concrete composite columns in eccentric loading

Ten slender steel reinforced cencrete （SRC） composite columns are tested under eccentric loading conditions. Effects of concrete strength, slenderness of columns and eccentricity of the axial load are studied. The load-carrying capacity is reduced with increased slenderness ratio and eccentricity. Concrete strength has no obvious influence on eccentrically loaded columns. Then, a nonlinear numerical method of pin-ended slender columns is also presented. This method is applicable for determining the material failure load or buckling failure load of a slender steel reinforced concrete composite column. In this method both material and geometric nonlinearities are taken into account. The results of numerical analysis accord well with the test results. The test results are also compared with the results predicted by ACI318-05 and the China Specifications.

Research on seismic behavior and shear strength of SRHC frame columns

The seismic behavior of steel reinforced high strength and high performance concrete （SRHC） frame columns was investigated through pseudo-static experiments of 16 frame columns with various shear span ratios, axial compression ratios, concrete strengths, steel ratios and stirrup ratios. Three kinds of failure mechanisms are presented and the characteristics of experimental hysteretic curves and skeleton curves with different design parameters are discussed. The columns＇ ductility and energy dissipation were quantitatively evaluated based on seismic resistance. The research results indicate that SRHC frame columns can withstand extreme bearing capacity, but the abilities of ductility and energy dissipation are inferior because of SRHC＇s natural brittleness. As a result, the axial load ratio should be restricted and some construction measures adopted, such as increasing the stirrup ratio. This research established effect factors on the bearing capacity of SPHC columns. Finally, an algorithm for obtaining ultimate bearing capacity using the flexural failure mode is established based on a modified plane- section assumption. The authors also established equations to determine shearing baroclinic failure and shear bond failure based on the accumulation of the axial load force distribution ratio. The calculated results of shear bearing capacity for different failure modes were in good agreement with the experimental results.

Experimental study on the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube columns

To study the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube(CFDT) columns,each consisting of an external square steel tube and an internal circular steel tube,quasi-static tests on eight CFDT column specimens were conducted.The test variables included the width-to-thickness ratio(β1) and the area ratio(β2) of the square steel tube,the wall thickness of the circular steel tube,and the axial force(or the axial force ratio) applied to the CFDT columns.The test results indicate that for CFDT columns with a square steel tube with β1 of 50.1 and 24.5,local buckling of the specimen was found at a drift ratio of 1/150 and 1/50,respectively.The lateral force-displacement hysteretic loops of all specimens were plump and stable.Reducing the width-to-thickness ratio of the square steel tube,increasing its area ratio,or increasing the wall thickness of the internal circular steel tube,led to an increased fl exural strength and deformation capacity of the specimens.Increasing the design value of the axial force ratio from 0.8 to 1.0 may increase the fl exural strength of the specimens,while it may also decrease the ultimate deformation capacity of the specimen with β1 of 50.1.

Experimental study on the compressive behaviors of CFRP tube-encased concrete columns

Nine square concrete columns including 6 CFRP/ECCs and 3 concrete columns are prepared,which have cross-section of 200 mm×200 mm and height of 600 mm.The CFRP tubes with fibers oriented at hoop direction were manufactured to have 3 or 5 layers of CFRP with 10 mm, 20 mm,or 40 mm rounding corner radii at vertical edges.A 100 mm overlap in the direction of fibers was provided to ensure proper bond.Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the compressive behavior.It is evident that the CFRP tube confinement can improve the behavior of concrete core,in terms of axial compressive strength or axial deformability.Test results show that the stress-strain behavior of CFRP/ECCs vary with different confinement parameters,such as the number of confinement layers and the rounding corner radius.

Experimental research on behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel I-section columns under cyclic loading

To investigate the seismic behavior of I-section columns made of 460 MPa high strength steel （HSS）, six specimens were tested under constant axial load and cyclic horizontal load. The specimens were designed with different width-to-thickness ratios and loaded under different axial load ratios. For each specimen, the failure mode was observed and hysteretic curve was measured. Comparison of different specimens on hysteretic characteristic, energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity were further investigated. Test results showed that the degradation of bearing capacity was due to local buckling of flange and web. Under the same axial load ratio, as width-to-thickness ratio increased, the deformation area of local buckling became smaller. And also, displacement level at both peak load and failure load became smaller. In addition, the full extent of hysteretic curve, energy dissipation capacity, ultimate story drift angle decreased, and capacity degradation occurred more rapidly with the increase of width-to-thickness ratio or axial load ratio. Based on the capacity of story drift angle, limiting values which shall not be exceeded are suggested respectively for flange and web plate of 460 MPa HSS I-section columns when used in SMFs and in IMFs in the case of axial load ratio no more than 0.2. Such values should be smaller when the axial load ratio increases.

Seismic behavior of large-scale FRP–recycled aggregate concrete–steel columns with shear connectors

The application of fi ber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for the development of high-performance composite structural systems has received signifi cant recent research attention. A composite of FRP–recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)–steel column (FRSC), consisting of an outer FRP tube, an inner steel tube and annular RAC fi lled between two tubes, is proposed herein to facilitate green disposal of demolished concrete and to improve the ductility of concrete columns for earthquake resistance. To better understand the seismic behavior of FRSCs, quasi-static tests of large-scale basalt FRSCs with shear connectors were conducted. The infl uence of the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, shear connectors and axial loading method on the lateral load and deformation capacity, energy dissipation and cumulative damage were analyzed to evaluate the seismic behavior of FRSCs. The test results show that FRSCs have good seismic behavior, which was evidenced by high lateral loads, excellent ductility and energy dissipation capacity, indicating RAC is applicable in FRSCs. Shear connectors can signifi cantly postpone the steel buckling and increase the lateral loads of FRSCs, but weaken the deformation capacity and energy dissipation performance.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Experimental study on seismic behavior of circular RC columns strengthened with pre-stressed FRP strips

Bonding fiber reinforced polymer （FRP） has been commonly used to improve the seismic behavior of circular reinforced concrete （RC） columns in engineering practice. However, FRP jackets have a significant stress hysteresis effect in this strengthening method, and pre-tensioning the FRP can overcome this problem. This paper presents test results of 25 circular RC columns strengthened with pre-stressed FRP strips under low cyclic loading. The pre-stressing of the FRP strips, types of FRP strips and longitudinal reinforcement, axial load ratio, pre-damage degree and surface treatments of the specimens are considered as the primary factors in the tests. According to the failure modes and hysteresis curves of the specimens, these factors are analyzed to investigate their effect on bearing capacity, ductility, hysteretic behavior, energy dissipation capacity and other important seismic behaviors. The results show that the initial lateral confined stress provided by pre-stressed FRP strips can effectively inhibit the emergence and development of diagonal shear cracks, and change the failure modes of specimens from brittle shear failure to bending or bending-shear failure with better ductility. As a result, the bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity of the strengthened specimens are all significantly improved.

功能可恢复SFCB-ECC-混凝土桥墩抗震性能

为实现高耐久功能可恢复结构,设计了钢-FRP复合筋(steel-FRP composite bar,SFCB)替代钢筋,塑性铰区使用高延性水泥基复合材料(engineered cementitious composites,ECC)替代混凝土的新型组合柱。在0.13轴压比下,对SFCB-ECC-混凝土组合柱进行低周往复荷载试验研究。评估了SFCB中FRP体积分数(0%,43.6%,100%)和塑性铰区基体类型(ECC,混凝土)对组合柱抗震性能和可恢复性的影响。之后通过OpenSees进行了轴压比、SFCB配筋率和ECC强度的参数分析。结果表明:SFCB可使试件获得稳定的二次刚度,在2%位移角前,试件无需修复即可快速恢复原有功能;组合柱残余变形随SFCB中FRP体积分数增加而减少,但其初始刚度和峰值承载力也相应降低;在塑性铰区使用ECC可进一步减少残余位移,同时显著提高峰值承载力和延性;参数分析显示增大轴压比将提高SFCB-ECC-混凝土组合柱承载力,但会降低延性;随SFCB配筋率和ECC强度提高,组合柱承载力也相应增大;在实际工程中可合理设计SFCB和ECC材料特性以满足特定结构刚度、强度和可修复性的要求。

Experimental Study on Improving Seismic Behavior of Load-Bearing Masonry Wall Made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

To investigate the seismic behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete load-bearing masonry wall(AACLMW), a piece of control block wall without constructional measures and five pieces of block walls with different constructional measures were tested under low reversed cyclic loading which imitated low to moderate earthquake force. The seismic behavior of AACLMW with different constructional measures in terms of failure mode, hysteretic curve, deformation capacity and displacement ductility was studied and compared with that without constructional measures. The experimental results indicate that the constructional measures comprising constructional columns and horizontal concrete strips are effective for improving the seismic behavior of AACLMW. The study in this paper can provide a reliable experimental basis for further analysis and engineering application of AACLMW in the future.

Experimental study on ductility improvement of reinforced concrete rectangular Columns retrofitted with a new fiber reinforced plastics method

Reinforced concrete （RC） columns lacking adequately detailed transverse reinforcement do not possess the necessary ductility to dissipate seismic energy during a major earthquake without severe strength degradation. In this paper, a new retrofit method, which utilized fiber-reinforced plastics （FRP） confinement mechanism and anchorage of embedded bars, was developed aiming to retrofit non-ductile large RC rectangular columns to prevent the damage of the plastic hinges. Carbon FRP （CFRP） sheets and glass FRP （GFRP） bars were used in this test, and five scaled RC columns were tested to examine the function of this new method for improving the ductility of columns. Responses of columns were examined before and after being retrofitted. Test results indicate that this new composite method can be very effective to improve the anti-seismic behavior of non-ductile RC columns compared with normal CFRP sheets retrofitted column.

Experimental Study on the Compressive Behavior of CFRP/ECCs

In this study,nine square concrete columns,including six CFRP/ECCs and three plain concrete control specimen columns,were prepared. The CFRP tubes with fibers oriented in the hoop direction were manufactured with 10,20,or 40 mm rounded corner radii at vertical edges. A 100 mm overlap in the direction of fibers was provided to ensure a proper bond. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the compressive behaviors including the axial strength,stress-strain response,and ductility. It is evident that the CFRP tube confinement can improve the compressive behavior of concrete core,in terms of axial compressive strength or axial deformability. Based on the experimental results and some existing test database attained by other researchers,a design-oriented model is developed. The predictions of the model for CFRP/ECCs show good agreement with test results.

预应力混凝土梁-型钢混凝土柱框架节点抗震性能试验研究

预应力混凝土框架结构具有较好的抗裂性能和较高的承载能力,但在实际工程中,裂缝控制要求较为严格,容易出现预应力混凝土框架梁端配筋过多,进而导致梁端承载力过剩,难以实现“强柱弱梁”的抗震设计原则。针对这一问题,提出3种不同连接形式的预应力混凝土梁-型钢混凝土柱节点,通过6个预应力混凝土梁-型钢混凝土柱框架节点试件的低周反复加载试验,研究抗裂等级(影响梁预应力筋数量)、梁柱节点形式对节点破坏形态、滞回曲线、延性、刚度退化等影响规律。研究结果表明:3种不同连接形式的6个试件均发生了“梁端弯剪破坏”,而节点和柱破坏轻微,预应力混凝土框架节点通过使用型钢混凝土柱实现了“强柱弱梁”的抗震设计目标,试件延性和耗能能力较好;二级抗裂的节点试件强度退化、割线刚度退化较三级抗裂更快,抗震性能稍差;三种形式的节点中,形式2节点的强度退化、刚度退化较慢,抗震性能较好,且施工方便。

铅黏弹性阻尼器增强钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱节点抗震性能研究

针对钢管约束钢筋混凝土(steel tubed reinforced concrete,STRC)柱节点抗震性能薄弱的现状,提出采用改良的铅黏弹性阻尼器进行增强。基于ABAQUS工作平台对铅黏弹性阻尼器试件建立有限元模型,将数值计算所得滞回和骨架曲线、耗能性能及疲劳性能与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。在此基础上探讨了铅芯直径、铅芯布置形式及复合黏弹性体厚度比值对铅黏弹性阻尼器力学性能的影响。结果表明:相较于扇形铅黏弹性阻尼器,改良后的四边形铅黏弹性阻尼器表现出更好的力学性能;随着铅芯直径的增大,阻尼器的耗能能力指标均得到大幅提高;建议铅芯个数取2个,铅芯面积与复合黏弹性层面积比值取6%~8%,复合黏弹性体厚度比值约为0.67。建立不同布置方案的铅黏弹性阻尼器增强STRC柱节点试件模型,对其破坏形态、滞回特性和箍筋应力进行对比分析,给出合理的布置方案,为实际工程提供参考。

矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱轴压性能研究

目的 研究矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱的轴压性能,提出轴压稳定承载力实用计算方法。方法 基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱有限元模型,分析其在不同参数下的工作机理;采用叠加原理并结合现行相关规范,给出适用于矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱的轴压稳定承载力计算公式。结果 矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱的破坏形态表现为在构件的中间位置产生侧向挠曲,最终因丧失稳定而破坏;长细比λ和外围混凝土强度fcu, out是影响叠合长柱轴压峰值荷载的关键参数;当λ由29增加到42和55时,峰值荷载分别降低7.3%和15.3%;当fcu, out由40 MPa提高到60 MPa和80 MPa时,峰值荷载分别提高21.4%和44.8%;轴压承载力简化计算公式与有限元模拟所得结果之比的均值和变异系数分别为0.927和0.017。结论 矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土叠合长柱具有良好的抗压性能和初始刚度,所提出的简化计算公式可为实际工程应用提供计算依据。

A State of the Art Review on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams under Cyclic Loading

In the last two decades, the study of reinforced concrete (RC) structures elements such as bridge deck slabs, bridge girders, or offshore installations, which?are?subjected to cyclic action typically induced by seismic motions has received the attention of many researchers.?Furthermore, the past two decades have witnessed rapid growth in the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confining jackets for the strengthening/retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) columns and beams. Moreover, several theoretical and empirical models?have been proposed for evaluating the?shear strength of beams, columns and beam-to-column joints. In this?paper, an overview of the models currently available in the scientific literature for?evaluating the?shear capacity of?beams, columns and?exterior beam-to-column joints?is reported.?Further, important practical issues which contribute in?shear strengthening of structures with different element types especially RC beams with different strengthening techniques, such as steel plate and FRP laminate are discussed.?Finally,?directions for future research based on the existing gaps of the existing works are presented.

离子吸附型稀土矿区硫酸铵原位浸矿与淋洗过程的室内模拟

离子吸附型稀土尾矿中残留的大量硫酸铵浸矿剂随雨水淋滤进入周边环境,可造成矿区及周边土壤和水体严重污染。本研究通过实地采集稀土矿区土壤,开展室内一维土柱实验分别模拟浸矿过程和淋洗过程,并建立Hydrus-1D模型,评价该模型对稀土矿浸矿和淋洗过程的模拟性能。Hydrus-1D模型的弥散度的率定值为0.5 cm,浸矿与淋洗过程的K d的率定值分别为0.07 cm^(3)/g和1.2 cm^(3)/g;在浸矿过程模拟中,4个观测孔模型的R^(2)为0.95~0.99,E_(RMS)为1.3~6.8 mmol/L;淋洗过程的R^(2)为0.93~0.98,E_(RMS)为0.2~1.6 mmol/L;Hydrus-1D能够较好模拟浸矿和淋洗过程中NH_(4)^(+)的迁移行为。示踪实验中Cl^(-)穿透耗时为30~90 min;浸矿实验中,4个观测孔达到吸附饱和耗时为60~150 min;淋洗实验中,4个观测孔的NH_(4)^(+)浓度低于检测限的耗时为360~540 min;土壤吸附作用对浸矿与淋洗过程中NH+4运移过程的影响显著。

圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱滞回性能试验研究

为探究废弃黏土砖再利用的可行性,对6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的滞回性能进行了系列试验研究。以不同钢管厚度(4、6 mm)、砖骨料取代率(0%、50%、100%)、轴压比(0.05、0.25、0.50)为参数,得到了试件在往复荷载作下的失效模态、骨架曲线和滞回曲线,并对构件的刚度退化、滞回性能、峰值承载力、延性、承载力退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的变化规律分析。结果表明:试件的失效模式表现为底部发生鼓曲、开裂,出现塑性铰的区域核心混凝土破碎,与普通钢管混凝土相似;砖骨料取代率和轴压比的增加会降低试件的承载力,钢管厚度的增加会提高试件的承载力。试件的滞回曲线饱满,表现出不明显的捏缩,表明耗能能力较好;轴压比的增加导致试件的变形能力降低,加快了刚度和承载力的退化速度,增长钢管厚度可以提高试件的变形能力;砖骨料取代率对试件刚度退化、延性、承载能力和耗能能力的影响有限。

新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究一种新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱的抗震性能,以不同节点配筋率、不同节点锚固长度和轴压比为主要研究变量,对1个整浇柱和4个装配柱进行低周往复加载试验。研究分析了整浇柱与装配柱在破坏模式、滞回性能、位移延性等方面的抗震性能差异。结果表明:装配柱与整浇柱破坏模式类似,采用不同节点构造的装配柱与整浇柱在滞回曲线、骨架特性和刚度退化等方面差异不大,装配柱的耗能性能优于整浇柱。各装配柱极限位移角为1/16.7~1/25,满足规范设计要求。在较大轴压比下,装配柱的承载力提升,延性降低。在较大位移角下,装配柱节点抗震性能受焊缝质量的影响较大,建议实际工程中加强焊接质量管理,以保证构件具有足够的变形能力。