Architecture design and demand analysis on application layer of standard system for ubiquitous power Internet of Things

The ubiquitous power Internet of Things(UPIoT)is an intelligent service system with comprehensive state perception,efficient processing,and flexible application of information.It focuses on each link of the power system and makes full use of the mobile internet,artificial intelligence,and other advanced information and communication technologies in order to realize the inter-human interaction of all things in all links of the power system.This article systematically presents to the national and international organizations and agencies in charge of UPIoT layer standardization the status quo of the research on the Internet of Things(IoT)-related industry standards system.It briefly describes the generic standard classification methods,layered architecture,conceptual model,and system tables in the UPIoT application layer.Based on the principles of inheritance,innovation,and practicability,this study divides the application layer into customer service,power grid operation,integrated energy,and enterprise operation,emerging business and analyzes the standard requirements of these five fields.This study also proposes a standard plan.Finally,it summarizes the research report and provides suggestions for a follow-up work.

Study on Quality Standards of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste

[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further improving the quality standards of hospital preparations.[Methods]The effective components of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The microscopic identification of the three Chinese medicinal materials in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste showed the microscopic characteristics of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali and Radix Notoginseng.TLC identification showed that there were characteristic spots of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Radix Notoginseng in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste.[Conclusions]This study established the quality standard research method of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste,which further strengthens the safety standards of hospital preparations,and improves the clinical efficacy of drugs,as well as the quality standards of hospital preparations to a certain extent.

Thin Layer Identification of Jiedu Shengxue Granules and Determination of Notoginsenoside R1 Content

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of hospital preparation Jiedu Shengxue granules.[Methods]Scleromitrion diffusum and Prunella vulgaris in Jiedu Shengxue granules were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established to determine the content of notoginsenoside R1 in the granule.[Results]The traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Jiedu Shengxue granules could be identified by TLC,and the characteristic spots were stable and clear.Notoginsenoside R1 had a good linear relationship in the range of 10.45-104.5μg/mL,with an average recovery of 98.52%and RSD=2.36%.[Conclusions]TLC and HPLC,as the quality control methods of Jiedu Shengxue granules,have high accuracy and good repeatability,which lays a foundation for the quality control of this mixture.

Structure-function relationship comparison between retinal nerve fibre layer and Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width in glaucoma

AIM：To evaluate and compare structural optical coherence tomography（OCT）-based parameters,such as Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width（BMO-MRW）,and retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness in glaucoma patients with visual field（VF）defects,and to correlate both to mean deviation（MD）values of obtained standard achromatic perimetry（SAP）examinations.METHODS：Patients with glaucoma and glaucomatous VF defects were enrolled in this prospective study and compared to age-matched healthy individuals.All study participants underwent a full ophthalmic examination and VF testing with SAP.Peripapillary RNFL thickness and BMO-MRW were acquired with SD-OCT.Correlation analyses between obtained global functional and global as well as sectorial structural parameters were calculated.RESULTS：A consecutive series of 30 glaucomatous right eyes of 30 patients were included and compared to 36healthy right eyes of 36 individuals in the control group.Global MD of values correlated significantly with global RNFL（Pearson corr.coeff：0.632,P=0.001）and global BMO-MRW（Pearson corr.coeff：0.746,P〈0.001）values in the glaucoma group.Global MD and sectorial RNFL or BMO-MRW values correlated less significantly.In the control group,MD values did not correlate with RNFL or BMO-MRW measurements.A subgroup analysis of myopic patients（〉4 diopters）within the glaucoma group（n=6）revealed a tendency for higher correlations between MD and BMO-MRW than MD and RNFL measurements.CONCLUSION：In a clinical setting,RNFL thickness and BMO-MRW correlate similarly with global VF sensitivity in glaucoma patients with BMO-MRW showing higher correlations in myopic glaucoma patients.

Study on Quality Standards of Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. in Yao’s Folk-medicine

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish the quality control standards for Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography were used to identify and determine the moisture, total ash and extract contents. [Results] According to the microscopic results, the stem transection is round and has five longitudinal edges at which the cell wall is obviously thickened. Bristles can be observed. A series of collenchyma cells are arranged closely inside the epidermis. There are several rows of parenchyma cells. The vascular bundles are of different sizes;and the ray part is wide, and at the junction of the ray and the cortex, there are often scattered secretory cells. The center is a broad medulla. The powder is brown. There are many starch grains. The bristles are unicelluar, and have warty protrusions and expanded base. The fibers are bundled, and the cells are large. The epidermal cells are in the shape of an elongated spindle, in a mosaic arrangement, and the cell wall is slightly thickened. From the thin layer identification chromatograms of tested L. bulbifera, it can be seen that spots were observed at the same positions as the control medicinal material, and the durability of the method was good. The extract content should not be less than 12.00% by hot extraction with water as solvent, and not be less than 3.00% by cold extraction with ethanol as solvent. The moisture content should not be more than 16.50%. The total ash content should not be more than 14.00%. The acid-insoluble ash content should not be more than 2.50%. [Conclusions] The microscopic identification results are reliable and can be used as the identification basis of L. bulbifera. The thin layer identification method and the test results can provide a basis for quality control of L. bulbifera.

Study on Quality Evaluation and Standards of the Zhuang Medicine Pandanus tectorius Soland.

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish the quality control standards for Pandanus tectorius Soland.[Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography were used to identify and determine the moisture,total ash and extract contents.[Results] The root transection is near round.The outmost side is velamen.There are nearly 10 columns of collenchyma tissue cells inside.In the cortex,there are a large number of fiber bundles scattered,and there are also large mucous cells scattered.The endodermis is distinct,and the cells are small and closely arranged.The pericycle is distinct and forms a ring.The pericycle fiber bundles are arranged in a radial shape by more than 40 bundles of phloem and xylem alternately.The leaf transection is V-shaped.The collenchyma lies under the epidermis.The spongy tissue has many calcium oxalate square crystal and needle crystals.The mucous cells contain calcium oxalate square crystal and needle crystals.The thin layer identification indicated that in the chromatogram of each test sample,spots of the same colors appeared at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material,and the reproducibility was good.The moisture contents of the 10 batches of samples were all below 8.0%.The total ash was below 8.0%.The acid-insoluble ash was below 2.0%.With 50% ethanol as the solvent,the extract contents were all over 12.5%.[Conclusions] The microscopic identification results are reliable and can be used as the identification basis of P.tectorius.The thin layer identification method and the test results can provide a basis for quality control of P.tectorius.

Study on Quality Standards of Children Antipyretic Lotion

[Objectives]To establish suitable quality standards of children antipyretic lotion.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed for Paederia scandens and Artemisia carvifolia in Children Antipyretic Lotion by thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and the content of paederosidic acid in children antipyretic lotion was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Besides,chromatographic column Feinigen XPeonyx C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),mobile phase was used,gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid aqueous solution,the detection wavelength was 236 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]The thin-layer chromatography of P.scandens and A.carvifolia reference materials showed clear spots,good separation effect,strong specificity,and no interference in the limit control;paederosidic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.65-9.75μg(R2=0.9996),the average sample recovery rate was 99.72%(RSD=2.52%).[Conclusions]The qualitative and quantitative methods established in this experiment are simple,reproducible,and the results are accurate and reliable,and can be applied as a quality control method for children antipyretic lotions.

Pharmacognostic standardisation of Hilleria latifolia(Lam.) H.Walt.(Phytolaccaceae)

Objective:To establish the pharmacognostic characters for the correct identification and quality control of Hilleria latifolia(H.latifolia),an important herb in Ghanaian folklore medicine,for the treatment of infections,pain and inflammation.Methods:The macro-morphological,qualitative and quantitative microscopic features,physicochemical and phytochemical features of the medicinally used parts of H.latifolia were evaluated using standard methods.Results:The plant has simple,alternate leaves with entire margin.The lamina is ovate to broadly lanceolate with an acuminate apex.It is hypostomatic with anomocytie stomata.The plant contains abundant prismatic crystals in all parts.Starch grains abound in the roots.The quantitative indices of the leaf and physicochemical parameters have also been established.Conclusions:The pharmacognostic features established in this study may be used as part of the pharmacopoeia! standard for the correct identification and quality control of H.latifolia.

Quality Standard of Compound Quanchangning Capsule

[ Objective] The research aimed to study the quality standard of Compound Quanchangning Capsule. [ Method] Coptis, Phelledendron, Pulsatilla and Astragalus in Compound Quanchangning Capsule were indentified qualitatively by thin layer chromatography （ TLC）, and the content of berberine hydrochloride was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, to study the quality standard of Compound Quanchangning Capsule. [ Result] TLC identification showed that the tested product was clear and well-separated with no interference. Berberine hydrechloride showed a good linear relationship with peak area at the injection volume of 10.92 - 163.74 ~Lg/mL, and the regression equation was Y = 39 611X -2 387. 9 （R2 = 0. 999 8） ; the average recovery was 97.60%, and the relative standard deviation was 1.64% （n =6）. [ Conclusion] The standard is simple in operation and good in specificity, stability and repeatability, which is prompted as a favorable method for quality control of Compound Quanchangning Capsule.

Establishment of Quality Standard for Mongolian Medicines Shoushen and Naishoushen

[Objectives] To systematically identify and analyze pharmacognostical features of Mongolian medicine Shoushen and Naishoushen( dairy tablets) to provide scientific basis for the establishment and identification of its quality standard. [Methods] According to relevant methods specified in Appendix to 2010 Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the water content,total ash,and extracts of Shoushen and Naishoushen were detected,and thin layer chromatography( TLC) was applied to make qualitative identification. Gastrodin was used as the reference substance,extracted with 70% methanol,and then sprayed with ethyl acetate-formic acid-water( 9∶ 1∶ 0. 2) as the developing solvent,and then sprayed with 10% phosphomolybdic acid ethanol solution and heated at 105℃ to clear spot color. UV-Visible spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) were used to analyze the content of polysaccharides and gastrodins in Shoushen and Naishoushen. The chromatographic column was a ZOBB AX eclipse XDB-C_(18)( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 cm) column with the methanol-0. 04% phosphoric acid solution( 8∶92) as the mobile phase,the flow rate of 1. 0mL/min,the detection wavelength of 222 nm,and the column temperature of 30℃.[Results]In the thin-layer chromatography test,spots of the same color appeared at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance. Gastrodin eluted under high pressure reached baseline separation. Gastrodin had a good linearity in the concentration range of 0. 009-0. 09 mg/m L. The regression equation was Y = 586 866 X + 425 821( R^2= 0. 999 6),and the average recovery rate was100. 1%. Precision test,reproducibility test,and stability test conformed to the requirements. The results of extracts of three batches of samples were 26. 13%-42. 58%,water content was 3. 47%-5. 31%,and total ash was 5. 43%-6. 33%. [Conclusions] The quality control method has high reliability,high sensitivity,high specificity,high accuracy,and high stability. The results are expected to provide a scientific basis for the identification,resource utilization,and improvement of quality standard for Shoushen and Naishoushen.

Study on quality standard of Danmu exract syrup

Objective:To establish the quality standard of Danmu exract syrup.Methods:TLC method was used to qualitatively identify Nauclea officinalis in Danmu exract syrup.The content of strictosamide and chlorogenic acid in Danmu exract syrup was determined by high efficiency axillary chromatography.Results:The spots were clear and there was no negative interference.The linear relationship of strictosamide was good in the range of 100~300ug/ml(R^(2)=0.9997).The average recovery was 99.1%and RSD was 1.16%(n=9).Chlorogenic acid had a good linear relationship in the range of 6.7~20.2ug/ml(R^(2)=0.9991).The average recovery was 99.9%and RSD was 1.10%(n=9).Conclusion:The standard is safe and reasonable,the method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of Danmu exract syrup.

Quality Standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl.[Methods]The method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was used to determine the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of O.sinensis.The qualitative identification of medicinal materials was carried out by microscopic identification method and thin layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The total amount of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,alcohol-soluble extract,hyperoside and isoquercitrin of 12 batches of medicinal materials were 8.56%-11.53%,11.26%-15.48%,1.62%-2.56%,17.75%-26.09%,and 0.036%-0.42%,respectively.The microscopic features were obvious,and pores,fibers,calcium oxalate clusters,calcium oxalate square crystals,cork cells could be observed.Fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed at the positions corresponding to the hyperoside reference substance.[Conclusions]Establishing relatively complete quality standards for O.sinensis medicinal materials can provide a reference for the quality control of medicinal materials.

Multiple Chromatographic and Chemometric Methods for Quality Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines

Quality standardization of complementary medicine is fundamental for industry and practice as it underpins the quality,safety and efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines.Current herbal standardizations are often based on the quantitative analysis of a single compound,which may not reflect the total characteristic,bioactive and toxic nature of the herbs or products.Therefore,there is a need to establish an internationally recognized methodology for quality standardization of Chinese herbal medicines.The analytical methods reviewed in this article are pharmacognosy,TLC,HPLC,LCMS,CE and chemo-metrics.This article also covers the developments and applications of these methods in quality standardization.Recent advances show that a combination of these methods creates an overall chemical profile of each herb.This is supported by results reviewed in this article and obtained in our laboratory tests on medicinal herbs including Hypericum perforatum,Morinda officinalis and Centella asiatica.Significant variations in active components have been observed between herbal samples and products.It is proposed that the identification of active components,pharmacological activities and eventual clinical applications are required for a comprehensive quality standardization system.Our findings indicate that the combination of various chromatographic and chemometric methods will advance the methodology of quality standardization and enhance the overall confidence in herbal medicine for the health practitioner and the public.

A Semi-Vectorial Morphological Segmentation Multi-Component Images of Coumarins on Thin Layer Combined with Laser for Better Separation

In this work, we propose an approach for the separation of coumarins from thin-layer morphological segmentation based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating different types of coumarins. The first step is to make a segmentation by region, by thresholding, by contour, etc. of each component of the digital image. Then, we proceeded to the calculations of parameters of the regions such as the color standard deviation, the color entropy, the average color of the pixels, the eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. The mean color values atR = 91.20 in red, atB = 213.21 in blue showed the presence of samidin in the extract. The color entropy values HG = 5.25 in green and HB = 4.04 in blue also show the presence of visnadine in the leaves of Desmodium adscendens. These values are used to consolidate the database of separation and discrimination of the types of coumarins. The relevance of our coumarin separation or coumarin recognition method has been highlighted compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two coumarins having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method is proven with respect to the separation and identification of some coumarins, in particular samidin and anglicine.

Preliminary Study on Quality Standard of Pummelo Pericarp from Guangxi

[Objectives]This paper aimed to study the quality standard of pummelo pericarp from Guangxi.[Methods]The medicinal material was identified by microscopy and thin-layer chromatography,and the contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in the medicinal material were determined according to the methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition).[Results]The content limits for moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined(moisture≤12%;total ash≤6.0%;acid-insoluble ash≤0.6%;water-soluble extract≥43.0%;naringin≥10.00 mg/g).The micro-characteristics of pummelo pericarp were identified,and a thin-layer chromatography identification and content determination method was established.[Conclusions]The established method can provide an experimental basis for the formulation of quality standard for pummelo pericarp.

油藏不同开发阶段层面建模算法及实例

由于油藏不同开发阶段特征及其研究目的不同,三维地质建模中层面建模采取的模拟方法和模型精度均有所区别。从三维地质建模角度出发,将油藏开发划分为油藏评价、新区建产和老区调整3个阶段,通过港东二区五断块层面模拟过程中各种模拟算法分析及筛选,提出了层面模拟时,油藏评价阶段建模采用Kriging算法,网格精度为100 m×100 m×5.0 m;新区建产阶段建模采用Kriging算法或Global B-spline算法,网格精度为50 m×50 m×1.5 m;老区调整阶段建模采用Local B-spline算法或Converging average算法,网格精度为10 m×10 m×0.5 m,使层面模拟结果更符合地质情况及研究需要。

益肝片的质量标准研究

目的:提升益肝片的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别益肝片中的板蓝根、虎杖;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对益肝片中的(R,S)-告依春和大黄素进行含量测定。结果:通过TLC鉴别板蓝根、虎杖,相应斑点清晰、分离度好,阴性无干扰。(R,S)-告依春在进样量0.03~0.15μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均加样回收率为97.05%,大黄素在进样量0.0495~0.297μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=1.0000),平均加样回收率为99.24%。结论:本质量标准能有效鉴别益肝片中的板蓝根、虎杖,也能有效测定(R,S)-告依春和大黄素的含量,且该法简便、可靠、重复性好,可用于益肝片的质量控制。

宠物用丹参咀嚼片制备工艺研究及质量标准建立

旨在确定宠物用丹参咀嚼片的制备工艺并建立其质量标准。本试验通过湿法制粒辅料种类、制粒工艺、压片工艺进行考察,确定其制备工艺,采用薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对宠物用丹参咀嚼片中丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸B分别开展定性和定量研究,建立其质量标准。结果:将丹参喷雾粉加辅料混合均匀,混合时间5 min,转速100 r/min,以10%淀粉浆为黏合剂制成颗粒,干燥温度40~50℃,0.3%硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂,压片速率10~35 r/min;薄层鉴别显示丹参酮ⅡA斑点清晰,分离度良好且专属性强;高效液相色谱显示丹酚酸B在8.0~256.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R^(2)=0.999 9),系统适用性、专属性、精密度、稳定性、重复性、系统耐用性良好,加样回收率为95.0%~105.0%;对6批样品中丹酚酸B进行含量测定,设定含量限度为11.484 1 mg/g。综上,本试验确定的宠物用丹参咀嚼片制备工艺稳定可行,建立的薄层鉴别方法和高效液相色谱含量测定方法可用于宠物用丹参咀嚼片的质量控制。

前列桂芍颗粒质量标准研究

目的制定前列桂芍颗粒质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对前列桂芍颗粒中熟地黄、赤芍、桃仁、黄芪、黄柏进行定性鉴别;通过使用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定盐酸小檗碱在前列桂芍颗粒中的含量。结果前列桂芍颗粒中薄层色谱鉴别专属性强,斑点清晰且阴性无干扰;前列桂芍颗粒中盐酸小檗碱的线性范围是0.0901~1.6215μg(r=0.9998),平均回收率为98.54%,RSD值为0.87%(n=6)。结论薄层色谱鉴别和含量测定方法准确可行,重复性好,可有效控制前列桂芍颗粒质量。

妇产科住培教学方法改革探索

为进行妇产科住培教学改革,提升妇产科住培医生的综合素质和实践能力,文章通过文献总结并分析当前妇产科住培现状,按照国家《关于加强医学教育工作提高医学教育质量的若干意见》,结合笔者在教学大赛中的具体做法,提出以病例为导向,采用沉浸式情景模拟教学、以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)等多种教学法在妇产科住培理论教学中的应用;建议采用分层培养模式进行妇产科人才实践能力的培养,以满足不同层次人才的成长需要。为提高医学人才培养质量,加强妇产科人才队伍的建设,在理论教学及临床实践能力培养中挖掘、提炼妇产科课程中所蕴含的思政元素,推进妇产科教学模式改革,高质量地完成妇产科住培教育工作,以期更好地完成培训目标,满足新时代人才培养需要。