Protective mechanism of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice,the metabolomics and gut microbiota investigation

Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.

Postharvest quality and reactive oxygen species metabolism improvement of Coprinus comatus mushroom using allyl isothiocyanate fumigation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of allyl isothiocyanate(AITC)on the reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism and quality of postharvest Coprinus comatus(C.comatus).Fresh mushrooms were stored at 4℃with AITC at 5,10,and 20μL/L for 18 d,respectively.Sampling was performed every 3 d,and physicochemical parameters and ROS metabolism related enzymes activities were analyzed.Compared with the control,the application of AITC at 10μL/L significantly(P<0.05)decreased xanthine oxidase activity after 9 d of storage,while it significantly(P<0.05)improved the activities of succinic dehydrogenase,glutathione reductase,peroxidase,catalase,and ascorbate peroxidase in the middle and later stages of storage.Furthermore,the Ca^(2+)-ATPase and superoxide dismutase activities in sample treated by 10μL/L were all significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the control.Therefore,the accumulation trends of malondialdehyde and ROS were retarded and membrane integrity was maintained.However,high-concentration AITC(20μL/L)treatment accelerated the ROS generation and increased electrolyte leakage rate.All AITC treatments significantly(P<0.05)inhibited the respiration rate during the first 9 d of storage and retarded browning of C.comatus during the storage of 18 d.These findings suggested that AITC treatment would be a promising method to maintain C.comatus quality,but the concentrations need to be optimized.

补肾益寿胶囊药渣栽培平菇、鸡腿菇试验

以补肾益寿胶囊药渣和棉子壳为原料配制不同的培养料配方,筛选平菇和鸡腿菇最适宜的栽培配方。结果表明,平菇最适栽培配方3中各原料的质量分数分别为药渣40%、棉子壳40%、麸皮18%、石膏2%,此条件下平菇产量为288 g/袋,生物学效率为96.1%,投入产出比为1.0∶2.5;鸡腿菇最适宜栽培配方2中各原料的质量分数分别为药渣60%、棉子壳20%、麸皮18%、石膏2%,此条件下鸡腿菇产量为267g/袋,生物学效率为89.1%,投入产出比为1.0∶3.8。

乙烯利、烟酸对鸡腿菇液体培养中菌丝体和多糖产量的影响

试验以蒸馏水为对照,采用摇床培养方法研究了乙烯利、烟酸单施对鸡腿菇液体培养中菌丝体及胞外多糖产量的影响,以确定其最佳施用量。结果表明,适量的乙烯利、烟酸单独施用均可促进鸡腿菇菌丝的生长,同时还能提高其胞外多糖得率。鸡腿菇液体培养中乙烯利最适施用量为1.5 mg/L、烟酸最适施用量为8 mg/L。适量的乙烯利、烟酸单施均能提高鸡腿菇菌丝体干重和胞外多糖得率。

紫外辐照对鸡腿菇中维生素D_2含量的影响

以紫外线分别辐照菇蕾期、成熟前期和成熟期的鸡腿菇(Coprinus comatus),利用高效液相色谱法检测其中维生素D2的含量。结果发现,未经紫外照射时,菇蕾期、成熟前期和成熟期的鸡腿菇菌盖中均未检测到维生素D2,但在各时期的鸡腿菇菌柄中维生素D2含量较高,其中成熟前期的维生素D2含量达3.473 1μg/g。经紫外线辐照处理后,鸡腿菇的菌柄和菌盖中的维生素D2含量均显著增加,其中成熟前期的菌盖和菌柄中含量最高,分别为23.309 3μg/g和22.858 5μg/g。紫外线辐照可以提高鸡腿菇中维生素D2的含量。

鸡腿菇病害及防治技术综述

鸡腿菇[Coprinus comatus(Mueller.ex Fr.) S.F.Gray]是一种常用的食用菌,具有独特的口感和风味,在药用和食用方面有很高的价值。鸡腿菇生长速度较快,栽培较为简单,但其生长过程容易遭受病害。综述了鸡腿菇病害的分类(分为细菌性病害和真菌性病害两种),并对鸡腿菇病害的防治技术进行了概述。

毛头鬼伞真菌具有抗烟草花叶病毒活性的y3基因的克隆及对烟草的转化

【目的】蛋白质Y3具有抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)活性并由y3基因编码。本文的目的是从真菌毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)中克隆y3基因全长并在植物体中展现其对TMV的抑制活性。【方法】我们利用试剂盒5′-Full RACE Core Set(TaKaRa)扩增了y3基因cDNA5′-端未知序列,通过RT-PCR获得了全长序列,并把该全长序列与CaMV 35 S启动子和NOS终止子一起插入多克隆位点(MCS)构建了植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-y3,用于农杆菌介导的烟草转化。【结果】y3基因全长534碱基对,包含1个开放阅读框(ORF),编码一条含130个氨基酸残基的肽链(GenBank检索号:GQ859168;EMBL:FN546262)。其cDNA序列和由它推到的氨基酸序列均与已发表的y3基因部分片段有高度相似性(94%)。Northern杂交分析证实了y3基因在转基因烟草中得到表达。接种TMV的转基因植株表现出抗TMV的活性。【结论】我们克隆了y3基因全长并得到了转基因植株。在转基因植株中,由于y3基因的表达改善了植株的抗病毒活性。y3基因的克隆和表达无疑为该基因的进一步研究奠定了基础。