Resilience-driven cooperative reconfiguration strategy for unmanned weapon system-of-systems

As the unmanned weap system-of systems(UWSoS)becomes complex,the inevitable uncertain interference gradu-ally increases,which leads to a strong emphasis on the resilience of UWSoS.Hence,this paper presents a resilience-driven cooperative reconfiguration strategy to enhance the resilience of UWSoS.First,a unified resilience-driven coopera-tive reconfiguration strategy framework is designed to guide the UWSoS resilience enhancement.Subsequently,a cooperative reconfiguration strategy algorithm is proposed to identify the optimal cooperative reconfiguration sequence,combining the cooperative pair resilience contribution index(CPRCI)and coop-erative pair importance index(CPII).At last,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated through various attack scenario simulations that include differ-ent attack modes and intensities.The analysis results can pro-vide a reference for decision-makers to manage UWSoS.

Research on system-of-systems combat simulation model formal specification and representation

To makesystem-of-systems combat simulation models easy to be developed and reused, simulation model formal specification and representation are researched. According to the view of system-of-systems combat simulation, and based on DEVS, the simulation model＇s fundamental formalisms are explored. It includes entity model, system-of-systems model and experiment model. It also presents rigorous formal specification. XML data exchange standard is combined to design the XML based language, SCSL, to support simulation model representation. The corresponding relationship between SCSL and simulation model formalism is discussed and the syntax and semantics of elements in SCSL are detailed. Based on simulation model formal specification, the abstract simulation algorithm is given and SCSL virtual machine, which is capable of automatically interpreting and executing simulation model represented by SCSL, is designed. Finally an application case is presented, which can show the validation of the theory and verification of SCSL.

Weapon configuration, allocation and route planning with time windows for multiple unmanned combat air vehicles

Unmanned combat air vehicles(UCAVs) mission planning is a fairly complicated global optimum problem. Military attack missions often employ a fleet of UCAVs equipped with weapons to attack a set of known targets. A UCAV can carry different weapons to accomplish different combat missions. Choice of different weapons will have different effects on the final combat effectiveness. This work presents a mixed integer programming model for simultaneous weapon configuration and route planning of UCAVs, which solves the problem optimally using the IBM ILOG CPLEX optimizer for simple missions. This paper develops a heuristic algorithm to handle the medium-scale and large-scale problems. The experiments demonstrate the performance of the heuristic algorithm in solving the medium scale and large scale problems. Moreover, we give suggestions on how to select the most appropriate algorithm to solve different scale problems.

A Multi-UCAV cooperative occupation method based on weapon engagement zones for beyond-visual-range air combat

Recent advances in on-board radar and missile capabilities,combined with individual payload limitations,have led to increased interest in the use of unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs)for cooperative occupation during beyond-visual-range(BVR)air combat.However,prior research on occupational decision-making in BVR air combat has mostly been limited to one-on-one scenarios.As such,this study presents a practical cooperative occupation decision-making methodology for use with multiple UCAVs.The weapon engagement zone(WEZ)and combat geometry were first used to develop an advantage function for situational assessment of one-on-one engagement.An encircling advantage function was then designed to represent the cooperation of UCAVs,thereby establishing a cooperative occupation model.The corresponding objective function was derived from the one-on-one engagement advantage function and the encircling advantage function.The resulting model exhibited similarities to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.As such,an improved discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO)algorithm was used to identify a solution.The occupation process was then converted into a formation switching task as part of the cooperative occupation model.A series of simulations were conducted to verify occupational solutions in varying situations,including two-on-two engagement.Simulated results showed these solutions varied with initial conditions and weighting coefficients.This occupation process,based on formation switching,effectively demonstrates the viability of the proposed technique.These cooperative occupation results could provide a theoretical framework for subsequent research in cooperative BVR air combat.

Weapons equipment portfolios selection based on equipment system contribution rates

Equipment selection is an essential work in the research and development planning of equipment.The scientific and rational development of weapons equipment portfolios is of considerable significance to the optimization of equipment architecture design,the adequate resources allocation,and the joint combat performance.From the system view,this paper proposes a method of weapons equipment portfolios selection(WEPS)based on the contribution rate of weapon systems,providing a new idea for weapon equipment portfolio selection.Firstly,we analyze the WEPS problem and the concept of the contribution rate under the systems background.Secondly,we propose a combat network modeling method for weapon equipment systems based on the function chain.Thirdly,we propose a WEPS method based on the contribution rate,fully considering the correlation relationships between potential weapons and the old weapon systems by the combat network model,under the limitation of capability demands and budget resources,with the objective to maximally increasing the combat ability of weapon systems.Finally,we make a case study with a specific WEPS problem where the whole calculation processes and results are analyzed and exhibited to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method model.

自行加榴炮系统反应时间优化研究

武器系统反应时间是反映武器装备自动化水平和火力反应能力的重要战技指标。针对某大口径自行加榴炮系统反应时间过长、作战效率较低、无法适应现代战场需求的问题,推导了操瞄解算模型,按照操瞄解算模型自动调炮,研究了操瞄调炮与弹药装填机构动作的特点和时长,设计分步并行的方法,优化了调炮动作与装填动作的联动过程,并进行试验对比分析。试验结果表明,相较于传统方法,优化后的方法使得该型自行加榴炮的平均系统反应时间减少了7.02 s,系统反应速度提高了32.3%,使之可以快速、高效地完成规定的战术动作,明显提升其战场生存能力和作战效率。

面向作战指挥的武器装备知识图谱本体构建

当前,在武器装备知识图谱本体构建的研究上,多是面向武器装备维修管理、武器装备体系建设进行本体构建,面向作战指挥的武器装备本体构建研究相对缺乏。鉴于此,面向作战指挥需求,提出一种基于七步法和DODAF相结合的本体构建流程框架,基于该流程框架进行了面向作战指挥的武器装备本体设计,并最终利用protégé工具进行了本体构建及展示,为后续面向作战指挥人员的知识库构建及知识应用打下基础。

武器装备环境试验现状和思考

介绍了武器装备环境试验的定义与分类,对比了自然环境试验与模拟环境试验的优点与不足,2种环境试验在一定程度上保障武器装备在贴近实战化条件下达到考核要求。基于实战化多变性、复杂性且极端天气频发,单一或双因素模拟环境已经不能满足实战化要求,分析了国内外自然环境试验场与模拟环境试验场的发展现状与试验能力。为了提高未来武器装备战场生存能力,提出了3点建议,一是应建立武器装备多参数耦合条件下的综合环境影响考核评估体系;二是亟待开展成本低廉、无破坏性的数字化环境试验技术研究;三是加快构建贴近实战需求的武器装备外场环境试验场。

俄乌冲突作战样式分析与装训融合发展启示

俄乌战争爆发以来,双方在探测预警、指挥控制、火力打击过程中信息化有人/无人装备、精确制导武器的运用,无一不证明了信息化联合作战的到来。俄乌战争中,高战损对乌军持续保持有效的作战能力构成了极大的挑战。作战人员快速形成作战能力,生成战场补给对于作战支援至关重要。随着装备信息化、智能化程度的提升,传统的训练方法已难以支撑作战人员高效掌握信息化复杂作战装备,生成联合作战能力,训练方法必须随装备不断演进,探索一条装训融合发展的道路。

基于模糊层次分析法的联合防空武器装备效能评估

联合防空武器装备是现代防空作战的核心战斗力,对联合防空武器装备效能进行客观精准的评估,能够为优化联合防空武器装备效能、提升联合防空作战能力提供有益的借鉴和参考。将层次分析法和模糊综合评估法相结合,建立评估指标体系,运用层次分析法确立指标权重,运用模糊综合评估法进行模糊隶属函数处理的步骤实施评估,实现定性分析和定量分析的有机结合。评估结果能够以具体数字直观反映联合防空武器装备的实际效能,为部队有针对性地推动联合防空武器装备体系建设提供了科学依据。

Approach to WTA in air combat using IAFSA-IHS algorithm

In this paper, a static weapon target assignment（WTA）problem is studied. As a critical problem in cooperative air combat,outcome of WTA directly influences the battle. Along with the cost of weapons rising rapidly, it is indispensable to design a target assignment model that can ensure minimizing targets survivability and weapons consumption simultaneously. Afterwards an algorithm named as improved artificial fish swarm algorithm-improved harmony search algorithm（IAFSA-IHS） is proposed to solve the problem. The effect of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in numerical simulations, and results show that it performs positively in searching the optimal solution and solving the WTA problem.

Model architecture-oriented combat system effectiveness simulation based on MDE

Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are gaining higher priority from CSES users when evaluating different modeling methodologies for CSES. Traditional CSES modeling methodologies are either domain-neutral (lack of domain characteristics consideration and limited support for model composability) or domain-oriented (lack of openness and evolvability) and fall short of the three NFRs. Inspired by the concept of architecture in systems engineering and software engineering fields, we extend it into a concept of model architecture for complex simulation systems, and propose a model architecture-oriented modeling methodology in which the model architecture plays a central role in achieving the three NFRs. Various model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches and technologies, including simulation modeling platform (SMP), unified modeling language (UML), domain specific modeling (DSM), eclipse modeling framework (EMF), graphical modeling framework (GMF), and so forth, are applied where possible in representing the CSES model architecture and its components' behaviors from physical and cognitive domain aspects. A prototype CSES system, called weapon effectiveness simulation system (WESS), and a non-trivial air-combat simulation example are presented to demonstrate the methodology.

Weapon system portfolio selection based on structural robustness

The system portfolio selection is a fundamental frontier issue in the development planning and demonstration of weapon equipment.The scientific and reasonable development of the weapon system portfolio is of great significance for optimizing the design of equipment architecture,realizing effective resource allocation,and increasing the campaign effectiveness of integrated joint operations.From the perspective of system-ofsystems,this paper proposes a unified framework called structure-oriented weapon system portfolio selection(SWSPS)to solve the weapon system portfolio selection problem based on structural invulnerability.First,the types of equipment and the relationship between the equipment are sorted out based on the operation loop theory,and a heterogeneous combat network model of the weapon equipment system is established by abstracting the equipment and their relationships into different types of nodes and edges respectively.Then,based on the combat network model,the operation loop comprehensive evaluation index(OLCEI)is introduced to quantitatively describe the structural robustness of the combat network.Next,a weapon system combination selection model is established with the goal of maximizing the operation loop comprehensive evaluation index within the constraints of capability requirements and budget limitations.Finally,our proposed SWSPS is demonstrated through a case study of an armored infantry battalion.The results show that our proposed SWSPS can achieve excellent performance in solving the weapon system portfolio selection problem,which yields many meaningful insights and guidance to the future equipment development planning.

An Evaluation Approach for Operational Effectiveness of Anti-radiation Weapon

With the development of anti-radiation weapons,the effectiveness evaluation of anti-radiation weapons has been turned from the simple accuracy index to the integrated countermeasure capability.The research priority is how to access the combat effectiveness of anti-radiation weapons in a complex countermeasure environment.For the present situation of range test of anti-radiation weapons,a combat effectiveness assessment model based on non-linear index aggregation is proposed for anti-radiation weapons.And the corresponding index system model,index aggregation methods,index marking method and index weight determination are given.Finally,the simulation results verify the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method.

美国制空作战概念和能力的新发展

美国持续开展作战概念和能力建设,从作战体系角度发展武器装备、开展关键技术研究,通过制空作战等领域的技术发展引领美国军事能力建设的创新方向。从作战概念、作战平台、态势感知和空战武器四个方面,分析了近年来美国制空作战概念和能力的建设重点与发展方向,总结了其发展特点,为我国制空作战能力建设和技术发展提供参考。

基于粒子群优化的多导弹动态武器目标分配算法

针对复杂多变的未来战场环境,对空防御系统需要实现对多个目标进行武器分配。由于传统静态武器目标分配(Static weapon target assignment,SWTA)模型受到很多因素的限制,无法适应战场态势的快速变化。为了解决多导弹的动态武器目标分配(Dynamic weapon target assignment,DWTA)问题,将对空防御过程离散为多个阶段,并根据战场实时态势数据构建了DWTA的数学模型,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化算法,引入了武器转火时间窗等约束条件,在算法中考虑拦截概率和导弹耗费等多个指标。最后通过大量仿真实验,验证了粒子群算法进行多导弹目标分配的合理性和有效性。

烟幕遮蔽雷达型精确制导武器的作战效果研究

以精确制导弹药实施打击已经成为现代战争的主要进攻模式,其中雷达型精确制导武器得到广泛应用。在对抗雷达型精确制导武器方面,烟幕干扰因具有超高性价比等优势备受关注。为了分析烟幕干扰对抗雷达型精确制导武器的可行性及主要性能指标,本文研究了以烟幕对抗雷达型精确制导武器的干扰原理,并以雷达型空空导弹为例,通过建模仿真的方法,将烟幕对雷达导引头发射信号/回波信号的衰减效应融入到弹道仿真过程,建立了烟幕对雷达型空空导弹的遮蔽作战效果仿真模型,对烟幕的遮蔽作战效果及性能指标进行仿真研究。研究结果表明,烟幕衰减能力、烟幕遮蔽时长、烟幕释放时机等指标参数对烟幕的作战效果具有明显的影响。战机通过释放烟幕,对来袭导弹的雷达探测信号实施遮蔽性干扰,可以有效降低被击中的概率,提高对战过程中的生存能力。

基于深度强化学习的无人战车多回合火力分配

针对传统火力分配方法只能输出单个回合局部最优火力分配结果的问题,提出一种基于深度强化学习的无人战车分队多回合火力分配方法。分析了无人战车分队作战问题,建立了基于马尔科夫决策的火力分配模型;采用DQN算法进行火力分配模型求解,计算出整个作战过程中多回合火力分配结果;对该方法的可行性进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明:该方法可以输出无人战车分队整个作战过程全局最优的火力分配结果,更加适应高动态强对抗的实际战场环境,未来可以应用到无人战车分队作战中。

美军典型空战训练系统发展及关键技术研究

空战训练系统以其实战化训练成效受到世界各国关注。从空战训练系统基本概念及组成出发,对美军典型空战训练系统的技术架构、发展历程进行了梳理,并对空战训练系统的主要发展方向进行了分析,提出硬件形态由外挂吊舱向嵌入式系统发展;对抗形式由实装对抗向LVC混合发展;训练样式由射手训练向体系训练发展;训练领域由空战训练向联合训练发展等方向。继而分析了空战训练系统多平台时空统一、高置信度武器建模仿真、高可靠通信组网、多维度体系化训练评估、智能化LVC体系融合、标准化训练数据挖掘等关键技术,以期为我国空战训练系统的建设与发展提供借鉴与参考。

基于改进合同网的分布式协同目标分配

针对传统集中式目标分配算法存在的抗毁能力弱、可扩展性差等问题,提出一种基于改进合同网协议的完全分布式多平台协同目标分配算法。根据作战环境约束、任务约束以及火力平台自身性能约束等一系列约束条件构建目标分配模型;在目标分配的过程中增加合同交换操作,提升分配收益。结果表明:该算法能在提高整体收益的同时,减少目标分配反应时间,具备较好可扩展性。