Combating Cholera

Lying in her makeshift hospital bed,Joyce Tembo thanked medical personnel for evacuating her to the designated national cholera treatment centre,6 km north of Zambia’s capital Lusaka.She was recently diagnosed with diarrhoeal disease.Tembo,43,commended the medical sta!stationed at the treatment centre for their great service to thousands of patients,especially women and children seeking urgent treatment.“I am very grateful to the Chinese doctors who attended to me as soon as the ambulance rushed me to the clinic where I received urgent treatment;they have really saved my life,”Tembo told ChinAfrica.But not all residents in her community are as lucky as her.Many in the densely populated slums die every day due to the area’s poor sanitation-one of the major causes of the cholera outbreak.

MOZAMBIQUE Combating Early Marriage

The Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique approved a law on the prevention of early marriages on July 15. The head of the Commission of Human Rights, Constitutional Affairs and Legality Edson Macuacua told the parliamentary members that with the law, there will be fewer girls dropping out of school and fewer girls forced to marry at an early age.

Analysis and Commentary:“Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence”

On May 11, 2011, 13 mem- bers of the Council of Europe signed a legally binding international in-strument, the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, as part of a program to protect and aid women. The Convention aims to increase aware- ness and understanding among the general public of the different mani- festations of all forms of violence and their consequences on children,

Science and Technology for Combating Global Water Challenges

The survival and development of human society highly depends on the water availability. Driven by the growth of population and economy, global water demand has increased more than eightfold since the 1900s. Meanwhile, the commonly deteriorated freshwater quality cause a large proportion of available water resources unsuitable for human uses. This inter-coupled challenge of insufficient water quantity and inadequate water quality has rendered water scarcity a widespread problem in many parts of the world.

Doc Hay:A Chinese Herbalist Combating the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic in America

This is a story about a Chinese herbalist Ing“Doc”Hay who combated the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in the America West.As an immigrant,he came to the States as a laborer,but he had knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine due to his family heritage.This made it possible for him to start practicing in the Chinese community in John Day,Oregon,until 1948 when he retired.During the time of the pandemic running wild in the 1910s,he prescribed formulas aimed at flu and boiled herbal decoction,personally delivering it to a working site for those Chinese laborers as well as non‑Chinese patients.None of the laborer patients treated by him died during this deadly pandemic.Due to his success and fame,his practice was booming even after the Chinese community disappeared in John Day in later years.Doc Hay is always remembered in the history of earlier development in eastern Oregon,so that the site of his practicing,Kam Wah Chung and Co.Building,is now a national historic landmark.And more importantly,he has also been remembered by Chinese herbal medicine practitioners in the United States.

Doc Hay: A Chinese Herbalist Combating the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in America

This is a story about a Chinese herbalist Ing"Doc"Hay who combated the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the America West.As an immigrant,he came to the States as a laborer,but he had knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine due to his family heritage.This made it possible for him to start practicing in the Chinese community in John Day,Oregon,until 1948 when he retired.During the time of the pandemic miming wild in the 1910s,he prescribed formulas aimed at flu and boiled herbal decoction,personally delivering it to a working site for those Chinese laborers as well as non-Chinese patients.None of the laborer patients treated by him died during this deadly pandemic.Due to his success and fame,his practice was booming even after the Chinese community disappeared in John Day in later years.Doc Hay is always remembered in the history of earlier development in eastern Oregon,so that the site of his practicing,Kam Wah Chung and Co.Building,is now a national historic landmark.And more importantly,he has also been remembered by Chinese herbal medicine practitioners in the United States.

The Hidden Role of Tuft cells in Combating Bacteria

Tuft cells are a type of intestinal epithelial cells that play a critical role in the immune system.These cells are found in epithelial barriers and are important for protecting the body against infection by parasites.However,until now it was not clear whether Tuft cellsalso play a role in combating bacterial infections.

Mastering air combat game with deep reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning has been applied to air combat problems in recent years,and the idea of curriculum learning is often used for reinforcement learning,but traditional curriculum learning suffers from the problem of plasticity loss in neural networks.Plasticity loss is the difficulty of learning new knowledge after the network has converged.To this end,we propose a motivational curriculum learning distributed proximal policy optimization(MCLDPPO)algorithm,through which trained agents can significantly outperform the predictive game tree and mainstream reinforcement learning methods.The motivational curriculum learning is designed to help the agent gradually improve its combat ability by observing the agent's unsatisfactory performance and providing appropriate rewards as a guide.Furthermore,a complete tactical maneuver is encapsulated based on the existing air combat knowledge,and through the flexible use of these maneuvers,some tactics beyond human knowledge can be realized.In addition,we designed an interruption mechanism for the agent to increase the frequency of decisionmaking when the agent faces an emergency.When the number of threats received by the agent changes,the current action is interrupted in order to reacquire observations and make decisions again.Using the interruption mechanism can significantly improve the performance of the agent.To simulate actual air combat better,we use digital twin technology to simulate real air battles and propose a parallel battlefield mechanism that can run multiple simulation environments simultaneously,effectively improving data throughput.The experimental results demonstrate that the agent can fully utilize the situational information to make reasonable decisions and provide tactical adaptation in the air combat,verifying the effectiveness of the algorithmic framework proposed in this paper.

Optimal confrontation position selecting games model and its application to one-on-one air combat

In the air combat process,confrontation position is the critical factor to determine the confrontation situation,attack effect and escape probability of UAVs.Therefore,selecting the optimal confrontation position becomes the primary goal of maneuver decision-making.By taking the position as the UAV’s maneuver strategy,this paper constructs the optimal confrontation position selecting games(OCPSGs)model.In the OCPSGs model,the payoff function of each UAV is defined by the difference between the comprehensive advantages of both sides,and the strategy space of each UAV at every step is defined by its accessible space determined by the maneuverability.Then we design the limit approximation of mixed strategy Nash equilibrium(LAMSNQ)algorithm,which provides a method to determine the optimal probability distribution of positions in the strategy space.In the simulation phase,we assume the motions on three directions are independent and the strategy space is a cuboid to simplify the model.Several simulations are performed to verify the feasibility,effectiveness and stability of the algorithm.

Combating hepatocellular carcinoma with an integrated approach

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Combating Commercial Bribery

Government lists fighting business corruption as one of its key tasks this year On March 15, the Intermediate People's Court of Dazhou City in Sichuan Province sentenced Li Zulun, former president of Dazhou Center Hospital, to 14 years in prison for accepting a total of 1.22

Development of Polymer Materials for Combating Desertification

Aiming respectively at the two problems in desertiflcation areas, namely water shortage and serious soil erosion, the polymer materials for combating desertiflcation may be classified as water absorbing-retaining polymers (WARPs) and sandy soil stabilizing polymers (SSSPs). Their further classifications and current researcfl situations were introduced. It is suggested that the major hindrancefor their wide appHcation is the high cost. The authors' newest research resuits on cutting cost and enhancing ef...

Combating Poverty

ONE of the world’s most arid lands, patched with ditches and hills on the Loess Plateau, Xihaigu, in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is the poorest land in China. Xihaigu is a collective name for eight counties in southern Ningxia. With

Combating Floods

In summer and autumn of 1998, the river vatleys of the Changjiang, Songhua and Nenjiang rivers were stricken by exceptionally serious floods, As of the, 22nd of August, the flooded areas stretched over 52.4 million acres. More than 223 million people were affected by the flood. 4.97 million houses were ruined, economic losses totaled RMB 166 billion, and most tragically, 3,004 people lost their byes. It was one of the costliest disasters in Chinese history. Millions of People’s Liberation Army soldiers and local people joined hands to battle the floodwaters. Thanks to their unified efforts and tenacious struggle, they successfully withstood the rising, water, resumed production and began to rebuild their homes.

Alpha-Synuclein Handling by Microglia: Activating, Combating,and Worsening

Neuroinflammation and a-synuclein (a-syn) aggregation are both neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Microglia are crucial participants in eliciting neuroinflammatory responses themselves, as well as modulating neurotoxic activity in astrocytes, therefore forming a pathway to neurodegeneration induced by both central and peripheral insults [1, 2].

Combating COVID-19 with Chloroquine

Since December 2019,the world is increasingly facing an unprecedented challenge by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which is structurally related to the human severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV(SARS-CoV)and Middle East respiratory syn-drome CoV(MERS-CoV)(Zhu et al.,2020).The World Health Organization(WHO)has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and is calling for forceful action from all countries,as the number of infected patients and the number of deaths are increasing daily,causing catastrophic consequence to the daily life,economy,and society.

Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic:Early Detection,Medical Treatment,and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community

The World Health Organization(WHO)has declared the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus,known as 2019-nCoV,a pandemic,as the coronavirus has now infected over 2.6 million people globally and caused more than 185,000 fatalities as of April 23,2020.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)causes a respiratory illness with symptoms such as dry cough,fever,sudden loss of smell,and,in more severe cases,difficulty breathing.To date,there is no specific vaccine or treatment proven effective against this viral disease.Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is thus critical to curbing its spread and improving health outcomes.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)is commonly used to detect the presence of COVID-19.Other techniques,such as recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA),loopmediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR),and microfluidics,have allowed better disease diagnosis.Here,as part of the effort to expand screening capacity,we review advances and challenges in the rapid detection of COVID-19 by targeting nucleic acids,antigens,or antibodies.We also summarize potential treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 and discuss ongoing clinical trials of interventions to reduce viral progression.