Preventive and therapeutic effect of long snake moxibustion on psoriasis with yang deficiency and external cold syndrome based on the theory of "treatment of winter disease in summer"

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multiple layers of silvery white scales on the surface of erythema papule as the main clinical characteristics,of which yang-deficiency external cold psoriasis is refractory,recurrent and severe in winter and mild in summer,which has a great impact on patients'physical and mental health and quality of life.Traditional Chinese medicine has unique insights in the treatment of psoriasis,both curative effect and safety,have obvious advantages.Based on the concept of"winter disease and summer treatment",long-snake moxibustion gives full play to its functions of warming the kidney,invigorating the marrow,warming the meridians,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,so as to restore the deficiency of Yang in patients with psoriasis with external cold syndrome,enhance disease resistance,and prevent psoriasis recurrence or aggravation in winter.Therefore,based on the theory of"winter disease and summer treatment",this paper preliminarily discusses the mechanism of long-snake moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of psoriasis with external cold syndrome of Yang deficiency,and provides new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of psoriasis with traditional Chinese medicine.

Research Survey of Animal Model of Hepatic Fibro-sis Integrated with Western Medicine Diseases and Traditional Chinese Medicine^TCM~)Syndrome

Although the animal models of hepatic fibrosis developed by former researchers have pathological changes of hepatic fibrosis, they do not include charac- teristics of important TCM syndromes such as stagnation of qi, deficiency of qi, liver depression, phlegm-dampness and blood stasis because of single-factor model- ing. Animal models of hepatic fibrosis and animal models integrated disease and syndrome were reviewed, and several new types of integrated disease and syndrome animal models constructed by multiple-factor modeling method were evaluated, under the guidance of etiological theory of TCM. This kind of hepatic fibrosis model animals has dual characteristics of disease and syndrome. It is consistent with pathological characteristics of hepatic fibrosis in western medicine when replicating the basic characteristics accorded with TCM syndrome. Thus, the pathogenesis and pathogenic process of clinical disease and syndrome formation is simulated more ac- curately, providing a new platform and pathway for studying hepatic fibrosis disease with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Management of restless legs syndrome in chronic liver disease:A challenge for the correct diagnosis and therapy

AIM To investigate the association between restless legs syndrome(RLS) and well-defined chronic liver disease, and the possible therapeutic options. METHODS Two hundred and eleven patients with chronic liver disease, complaining of sleep disturbances, painful leg sensation and daily sleepiness, were included. Patients with persistent alcohol intake, recent worsening of clinical conditions, or hepatitis C virus were excluded. Diagnosis of RLS was suggested by the Johns Hopkins questionnaire and verified by fulfilling the diagnostic criteria by Allen. All patients were tested, both at baseline and during follow-up, with the Hamilton rating scale for depression, sleep quality assessment(PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS), International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group evaluation, and international RLS severity(IRLS) scoring system. Ironfree level, ferritin, folate, vitamin B12 and D-OH25 were detected. Neurological examinations and blood testoccurred at the beginning of the therapy, after 2 wk, and at the 28^(th), 75 th, 105 th, 135 th, 165 th and 205 th day. Regarding therapy, pramipexole or gabapentin were used.RESULTS Patients were moderately depressed, with evident nocturnal sleep problems and concomitant daily sleepiness. Sleep problems and involuntary leg movements had been underestimated, and RLS s yndrome had not be e n c ons ide re d be fore t he neurological visit. All(211/211) patients fulfilled the RLS diagnostic criteria. Twenty-two patients considered their symptoms as mild, according to IRSL, but 189 found them moderate to very severe. No correlation was found between ammonium level and ESS or PSQI. Augmentation was rather precocious in our patients(135 th day), and more frequent(35%) than previous data(8.3%-9.1%). The dosage of dopamine agonists was found to be associated with augmentation and appears in range with the literature. Previous intake of alcohol and lower levels of vitamins have been related to the phenomenon in our study.CONCLUSION RLS is a common disorder, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Further research is therefore fundamental.

Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Correlation between Body Mass Index and Disease Activity

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and increased cardiovascular disease, and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is understood as a set of metabolic disorders that correlates with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of MS in a cohort of patients with RA and its correlation to specific factors of the disease. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 283 patients with RA, followed at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) between 2008 and 2016;187 continued to be followed and agreed to be reevaluated between January and November 2016. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program and disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric evaluations were conducted. The prevalence of MS in the first evaluation was 43.9% and, after 8 years, 59.4%. Increased waist circumference and blood pressures, elevated triglycerides and low High-Density Lipoprotein were the most frequent features of MS. The DAS28 was significantly lower in the reevaluation (p = 0.006). The prevalence of MS was higher at the end of 8 years;disease activity, as well as blood pressure, decreased during this period. Steroid use had also decreased at the end of follow-up. There was an increase of 15% of cases with MS in an 8-year follow-up cohort of patients, which was in agreement with the current literature and showed how the inflammatory process in RA is correlated to MS. The parameters of MS that varied the most were blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides. Ultimately, these parameters and disease activity must be observed closely in order to improve the prognosis of patients with RA.

Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis of the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Since December 2019 the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has erupted in many places around the world,which is strong infectious and highly epidemic.After the outbreak of COVID-19 in China,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been in the front line of the fight against the epidemic.It has shown characteristics and advantages in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.TCM also played an important role in the winter of 2002 and in the spring of 2003 during the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).This article compares the strategies,programs,measures,resource investments,and effects of TCM for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with those for SARS.At present,the involvement of TCM has been earlier,faster,and more comprehensive in the fight against the epidemic and has shown good clinical efficacy and treatment prospects.

A Comparative Study of The Regular Pattern of Syndrome and Treatment of Lung-intestine Related Diseases in Ancient and Modern Medical Cases Based on Data Mining

Objective: To analyze the similarities and differences of the applications of "the lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related"between the ancient and modern clinical practices, and to reveal the theory meaning.Method: Based on the ancient and modern medical cases database, 245 ancient medical records and 373 modern medical records were studied with the general statistical description and analysis of association rules, and the results were compared to summarize the similarities and differences of the regular pattern of syndrome and treatment on lung-large intestine related diseases in ancient and modern medical records.Results: In modern medical cases, intestinal diseases appeared with the main symptom of constipation due to deficiency of lung qi and qi stagnation of large intestine were always treated by purgation together with replenishing and restoring lung qi. In ancient medical cases, large intestine heat was always caused by lung heat and a variety of diarrhea symptoms appeared. They were always treated by clearing heat and moistening lungs. In addition, the symptom of bound stool caused by qi stagnation of large intestine due to lung qi stagnation was always treated by lowering lung qi to regulate and smooth large intestine qi. And Armeniae Amarum Semen was used by both as a core medicinal herb.Conclusion: Ascending-descending of qi movement is the core of the lung and large intestine relationship. In other words, the lung and the large intestine communicate through qi.

Coronary artery disease in women:From the yentl syndrome to contemporary treatment

In recent years attention has been raised to the fact of increased morbidity and mortality between women who suffer from coronary disease. The identification of the so called Yentl Syndrome has emerged the deeper investigation of the true incidence of coronary disease in women and its outcomes. In this review an effort has been undertaken to understand the interaction of coronary disease and female gender after the implementation of newer therapeutic interventional and pharmaceutics' approaches of the modern era.

Clinical treatment of myasthenia gravis with deficiency of spleen and kidney based on combination of disease with syndrome theory

OBJECTIVE: To study the use of Jianjining in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with a deficiency of both spleen and kidney via the theory on the combination of disease with syndrome. METHODS: Sixty MG patients with a deficiency of both spleen and kidney were randomly divided into an treatment group (n=30) treated with Jianjining granules and Western Medicine (prednisone or pyridostigmine bromide) and a control group (n= 30) treated with Jianjining granules. The dosage of the three drugs was reduced over the course of treatment. After 3 and 6 months of treatment, the curative effect was evaluated with the muscle weakness severity scale (MWSS). RESULTS: The MWSS score after treatment declined significantly in both groups. The score in the treatment group was much lower than that in thecontrol group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 63.33% (19/30) in the treatment group and 36.67% (11/30) in the control group after 3 months of treatment, and 80.00% (24/30) and 50.00% (15/30), respectively, after 6 months of treatment. The obvious and total effective rates in the treatment group were much higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 6 months of treatment, there were no obvious differences (P>0.05) in the obvious and effective rates between the 2 groups. However, the total effective rate in the treatment group was much higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Using the theory on the combination of disease with syndrome, we found that the curative effect of Jianjining and Western Medicine on MG patients with deficiency of both spleen and kidney is worth further exploration.

Indwelling catheter and conservative measures in the treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in fulminant acute pancreatitis

瞄准：学习联合留置导管，血过滤，呼吸支持和繁体中文药的效果(例如 Dahuang ) 在治疗暴发性的尖锐胰腺炎的腹的分隔空间症候群。方法：有暴发性的尖锐胰腺炎的病人随机被划分成监视的腹的排水和 intra 腹的压力和平淡的保守措施组(组 1 ) 和控制组织的 2 组联合留置导管(组 2 ) 。平淡的非起作用的保守疗法包括血过滤，呼吸支持，胃肠的 TCM 沐浴也在控制组病人被使用。二个组的有效性被观察，并且 APACHE II 分数被申请分析。结果：在第二和第五天术后疗法上，组 1 和 2 病人的 APACHE II 分数是显著地不同的。有效性的比较(腹痛和 burbulence 消除时间，住院时间) 在组之间， 1 和 2 显示出包囊的有效差量，以及发生率形成。组的死亡率 1 和 2 分别地是 10.0% 和 20.7% 。为在组 1 的病人，腹的排水数量和 intra 腹的压力，和住院时间断然被相关(r = 0.552， 0.748， 0.923， P【0.01 ) 与 APACHE， II 得分。结论：联合留置导管腹的排水和 intra 腹的压力监视的、短 veno 静脉的血过滤(SVVH ) ，胃肠的 TCM 沐浴，呼吸支持在暴发性的尖锐胰腺炎的腹的分隔空间症候群上有预防措施和治疗效果。

Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical gastroenterologist.It seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the treatment.In daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical agents.These combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment applied.Therefore,a part of these patients are going to surgery.In recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe cases.In our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very few.As mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal manifestations.The appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research shortly.In this editorial,we attempt to summarize the existing data regarding the already applied combination therapies and to humbly formulate thoughts and suggestions for the future application of the combination treatment of biological agents in a well-defined category of patients.We suggest that the application of biomarkers and artificial intelligence could help in establishing new forms of treatment using the available modern drugs in patients with IBD resistant to treatment.

Vanishing bone disease(Gorham-Stout syndrome): A review of a rare entity

Vanishing bone disease(Gorham-Stout syndrome) is a rare entity of unknown etiology, characterized by de struction of osseous matrix and proliferation of vascula structures, resulting in destruction and absorption o bone. Despite the extensive investigation of the patho genetic mechanisms of the disease, its etiology hasn'been clarified and several theories exist. The syndrome can affect one or multiple bones of the patient, includ ing the skull, the upper and lower extremities, the spine and pelvis. The clinical presentation of a patient suffer ing from vanishing bone disease includes, pain, func tional impairment and swelling of the affected region although asymptomatic cases have been reported, as well as cases in which the diagnosis was made after a pathologic fracture. In this short review we summarize the theories regarding the etiology as well as the clini cal presentation, the diagnostic approach and treat ment options of this rare disease.

Surgical management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Classical considerations and current controversies

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome(ZES)is characterized by gastric acid hypersecretion causing severe recurrent acid-related peptic disease.Excessive secretion of gastrin can now be effectively controlled with powerful proton pump inhibitors,but surgical management to control gastrinoma itself remains controversial.Based on a thorough literature review,we design a surgical algorithm for ZES and list some significant consensus findings and recommendations:(1)For sporadic ZES,surgery should be routinely undertaken as early as possible not only for patients with a precisely localized diagnosis but also for those with negative imaging findings.The surgical approach for sporadic ZES depends on the lesion location(including the duodenum,pancreas,lymph nodes,hepatobiliary tract,stomach,and some extremely rare sites such as the ovaries,heart,omentum,and jejunum).Intraoperative liver exploration and lymphadenectomy should be routinely performed;(2)For multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related ZES(MEN1/ZES),surgery should not be performed routinely except for lesions>2 cm.An attempt to perform radical resection(pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by lymphadenectomy)can be made.The ameliorating effect of parathyroid surgery should be considered,and parathyroidectomy should be performed first before any abdominal surgery for ZES;and(3)For hepatic metastatic disease,hepatic resection should be routinely performed.Currently,liver transplantation is still considered an investigational therapeutic approach for ZES.Well-designed prospective studies are desperately needed to further verify and modify the current considerations.

Preventive online and offline health management intervention in polycystic ovary syndrome

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, ovarian polycystic changes, and irregular ovulation, often occurring in women of childbearing age for whom it can be a cause of infertility. Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis dysregulation is important in the pathogenesis of PCOS and the associated chronic excess of sex hormones can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and malignancies such as endometrial cancer, and breast cancer. At present, most scholars agree that lifestyle interventions in conjunction with drug treatment can help PCOS patients achieve their goals of successful pregnancy and childbirth.AIM To investigate the clinical effect of an online and offline(O2O) preventive health management model on PCOS with kidney deficiency and phlegm dampness.METHODS A total of 82 patients with PCOS of the kidney deficiency and phlegm dampness type who were admitted to Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group was treated with oral Diane-35 for 3 mo and received preventive O2O medical health management for 6 mo(including eating and living, exercise, drug management). The control group was treated with oral Diane-35 for 3 mo and completed outpatient health education. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score, acne score, hair score, sex hormone level and clinical effects were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. RESULTS After treatment, the TCM syndrome score, acne score, and serum luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone level were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P < 0.05). After 3 mo of treatment, the TCM syndrome curative effect index in the treatment group was 97.30% compared to 54.05% in the control group(P < 0.05), whereas the total treatment effect in the treatment group was 91.89%, compared to 54.05% in the control group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION An integrated therapeutic approach incorporating medication, TCM methods and social media is more effective than standard treatment for PCOS.

Endovascular stenting combined with external constriction valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein for the treatment of Cockett syndrome

To evaluate the effect of endovascular stenting combined with external constriction valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein for the treatment of Cockett syndrome.Methods Forty-two cases of Cockett syndrome with femoral veins reflux were treated with iliac vein stent implantation or venoplasy,and superficial femoral veins were constricted with ePTFE graft patch at the level of the first valves.Results All the iliac veins were patent after stent implantation.A follow-up of 8 to 45 months revealed that limb swelling disappeared in 38 cases with no varicose.Slight limb swelling was left over in 3 cases.Stent thrombosis,developed in one case two months later,subsided by a successful thrombolysis.Conclusion The procedure is mini-invasive,safe and effective for the treatment of Cockett syndrome.6 refs,1 fig.

A Case Report on Treating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with a Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine

A case of progressive supranuclear palsy in a 66-year-old woman is presented.The patient complained of“progressive stiffness of both lower limbs for five years,accompanied by choking and coughing for more than 1 year,”and was diagnosed with paralysis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which was characterized by a deficiency of liver and kidney,and phlegm and blood stasis blocking the collaterals.Western medicine diagnosed it as progressive supranuclear palsy.The patient was diagnosed with“Parkinson’s disease”several times in the past and was given“polybasic hydrazide”and“amantadine hydrochloride tablets,”etc.The patient did not have significant symptomatic relief,so she sought further treatment with a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.Based on the concept of deficiency and excess,this disease is categorized as a paralytic disease in Chinese medicine,and the onset of the disease is closely related to the deficiency of the body after a long period of illness,with wind,phlegm,blood stasis,and deficiency as the main pathogenetic mechanism.The treatment is based on the combination of disease and evidence,with traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture as the main treatments,supplemented by intermediate-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation,transcranial repetitive magnetic stimulation,medicated canisters,wax therapy,traditional Chinese medicine guasha,and acupoint injections.Western medicine is based on symptomatic treatment,and the patient’s symptoms were relieved significantly after the combination of Chinese and Western medicine.

Study on Correspondence between Prescription and Syndrome and the Essence of Phlegm and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease Based on Metabonomics

Studying the essence of a syndrome has been a key challenge in the field of Chinese medicine.Until now,due to limitations of the methods available,the progress towards understanding such complicated systems has been slow.Metabonomics encompasses the dynamics,composition and analysis of metabolites,enabling the observation of changes in the metabolic network of the human body associated with disease.Being from the point of view of the whole organism,metabonomics provides an opportunity to study the essence of a syndrome to an unprecedented level.Phlegm and blood stasis syndrome is the main syndrome associated with coronary heart disease（CHD）,which bring difficulties in clinical treatment due to difficulties associated with differentiation of symptoms and signs.The fundamental differences of material between the two also need to be interpreted.The authors consider that we can use the method of combining a disease（in this case CHD）with associated syndromes（phlegm and blood stasis syndrome）to select patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome of CHD,and utilize metabonomics to explore the essence of the syndrome by difference analysis of metabolite spectra.Meanwhile,we can study the syndrome in CM,observe the change regularity of metabolism spectra after the treatment of corresponding and non-corresponding prescription and syndrome,in order to validate the material fundament in the progress of syndrome formation and their differences.This will not only have great significance in enhancing the ability to identify syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis in CHD and to establish the clinical curative criteria,but will also offer a new approach of studying the essence for a syndrome using metabonomics.

Risk factors of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and its relationship with clinical prognosis in adult patients with moyamoya disease

Background To investigate the incidence,risk factors,and clinical prognosis of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome(CHS)after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis combined with encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis(STA-MCA/EDAS)in adult patients with moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods The clinical data of 160 adult patients with MMD treated by STA-MCA/EDAS from January 2016 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.According to CHS diagnosis,MMD patients were divided into CHS and non-CHS group.Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors and Kaplan-Meier curve of stroke-free survival for CHS were performed.Results A total of 12 patients(7.5%)developed postoperative CHS,of which 4 patients(2.5%)presented with cerebral hemorrhage.Univariate and multivariate analysis showed moyamoya vessel on the surgical hemisphere(OR=3.04,95%CI=1.02-9.03,P=0.046)and left operated hemisphere(OR=5.16,95%CI=1.09-21.34,P=0.041)were independent risk factors for CHS.The other variables,such as age,gender,presentation,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,mean mRS score on admission,modified Suzuki stage and pre-infarction stage on surgical hemisphere,and bypass patency,had no association with postoperative CHS(P>0.05).At final follow-up with average 38 months,there were 18 out of 133 patients(13.5%,4.91%per person year)presented with newly developed complications.There was no significant difference between newly developed complications,mean mRS scores,and Kaplan-Meier curve of stroke-free survival in patients with and without CHS(P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of moyamoya vessels and left operated hemisphere was independent risk factors for CHS,which could not affect the clinical prognosis if treated timely and properly.The current study offers a new perspective of moyamoya vessels and supporting data for choosing MMD candidates on cerebral revascularization.

Factors influencing Medication Literacy in Chinese Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: insights from the MLS-22 scale

Background:The role of the patient’s medication literacy is crucial in ensuring the efficacy of the treatment for nephrotic syndrome(NS).It is imperative to identify and examine instances of inadequate medication literacy in order to effectively manage NS.This study aimed to detect the low medication literacy in Chinese NS children using the 22-item Medication Literacy Scale(MLS-22)and to further analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This study involved consecutive sampling of 157 Chinese children with NS.Interviewer-led questionnaires were used to collect data.Firstly,the MLS-22 was evaluated for reliability and validity.Secondly,the medication literacy level was assessed,and factors related to low scores were examined using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results:MLS-22 proved reliable and valid for detection at a low level in NS children.The tertile was divided into low-level and medium/high-level medication literacy.It was found that the scores of NS children averaged 13.06.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that parents of children with primary NS and congenital NS had lower medication literacy scores,which were related to parents with less than high school education.Conclusions:Healthcare providers should develop tailored strategies to effectively assist Chinese children with limited medication literacy in managing chronic diseases.

Etiological characteristics and treatment of tardive dyskinesia

OBJECTIVE ： The pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia （TD） is complicated and uncertain, Thus, there is not any effective treatment for it. The psychiatrists pay more and more attention to TD, which lasts for a long time and is difficult to treat. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify articles about the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD published in English by using the keywords of ＂rD, etiology, pathogenesis＂ and ＂TD, therapy, drug treatment＂. Meanwhile, Chinese articles about the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD were searched in Wanfang database and China journal full-text database, and the keywords were ＂TD, etiology, pathogenesis＂ and ＂TD, therapy, drug Treatment＂ in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： Articles met the following inclusion criteria were selected in this paper. Inclusion criteria： （1） Researches of randomized blind control design, before and after control design and retrospective. （2） Researches of the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD. Exclusion criteria： the repetitive researches and individual reports. DATA EXTRACTION ： Totally 65 articles related the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD of randomized blind control design, before and after control design and retrospective studies were collected, and 53 of them were accorded with the inclusion criteria. Of the 12 excluded ones, 8 were concerning with genetics, 4 were repetitive researches. DATA SYNTHESIS ： The feature of etiology for TD includes：（1） Hypothesis of dopamine receptor super-sensitivity： The dopamine receptor is persistently blocked, so it will result in functional disorder in CNS, and then TD may take place. （2）） Hypothesis of neuronal degeneration： The concentration of aminosuccinic acid and glutamic acid will increase after the antipsychotic used for a long time and this will result in neuronal degeneration through glutamic acid receptor in the postsynaptic membrane; meanwhile with free radical, the nerve cells of corpus striatum may degenerate and become necrosis. （3） Sex and age： The females and gerontal patients are liability to the TD disease. It is may related to the lower estrogen. （4） Molecule heredity： TD may association with the dopamine and 5-HT receptor gene polymorphism. （5） Other theories： Hypofunction of γ-amino-butyri acid （GABA）, hypothesis of noradrenaline 5-serotonin and nutrition metabolism can cause TD disease. Treatlent for TD： （1） Dopamine receptor agonist： The therapeutic effect is not satisfactory, especially for gerontism females. （2） Oxygen free radical scavenger： As represent of vitamin E, it can clear out free radicals and reduce the potential cytotoxic effect of free radicals. （3） Calcium channel blocker： This maybe related to block calcium ions releasing from muscle cells and inhibit muscle convulsion; therefore, it can be used for symptomatic treatment. （4） GABA receptor agonist： It is more effective for the prominent dysmyotonia than dancing slowly symptom. （5） Antipsychotic： There is some therapeutic effect with ciozapine, but the effect will reduce because of the age growing up and the symptom exacerbating. （6） Other therapies： Valproate sodium, cyproheptadine, melatonin, branched chain amino acid, ahalysantinfarctasum, electric acupuncture and injection ad acumen, traditional Chinese drug have a certain effects on TD. Prevention of TD： The serum creatine phosphokinase （CPK） combined with symptoms should be checked regularly so as to early discovery TD. CONCLUSION ： （1） Etiology of TD： The hypothesis of dopamine receptor super-sensitivity is denyed; the hypothesis of neuronal degeneration is approved in academic circles; the sex and age is a finding of generally received; but the dopamine and 5-HT receptor gene polymorphism, hypofunction of GABA, noradrenaline, 5-serotonin and nutrition metabolism cannot explain the pathogenesis of TD. （2） Treatment for TD： The therapeutic effect of dopamine receptor agonist is not satisfactory; the oxygen free radical scavenger maybe effective; calcium channel blocker maybe used for symptomatic treatment; GABA receptor agonist maybe more effective for the prominent dysmyotonia than dancing slowly symptom; the consequence of antipsychotic is discrepancy; other therapies maybe use to adjunctive therapies. （3） As far as prevention of TD is concerned, and the serum CPK combined with symptoms should be checked regularly so as to early discovery TD.

Disease-Syndrome Combination Clinical Study of Psoriasis:Present Status,Advantages,and Prospects

Psoriasis is an immune-abnormal,chronic,proliferative skin disease determined by polygenic inheritance and induced by a number of environmental factors.It causes worldwide concern because of its high-prevalence,harmful and incurable characteristics.Over the years,Chinese medicine（CM） treatment of psoriasis has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience.Disease-syndrome combination, which achieves more satisfactory clinical effect,is the basis to highlight the special CM advantages in treating psoriasis.In this paper,we review the advantages of treating psoriasis with the combination of disease and syndrome,analyze the prospects of research on treating psoriasis combining disease with syndrome.We also make a point that there are several key points for the clinical research of combination of disease and syndrome.It can be expected that carrying out clinical research on the combination of disease and syndrome will help improve the clinical efficacy of medical treatment of psoriasis,which will be the main direction of research in the future.