Multiscale Combined Action and Disturbance Characteristics of Pre-summer Extreme Precipitation Events over South China

The dominant frequency modes of pre-summer extreme precipitation events(EPEs)over South China(SC)between1998 and 2018 were investigated.The 67 identified EPEs were all characterized by the 3-8-d(synoptic)frequency band.However,multiscale combined modes of the synoptic and three low-frequency bands[10-20-d(quasi-biweekly,QBW);15-40-d(quasi-monthly,QM);and 20-60-d(intraseasonal)]accounted for the majority(63%)of the EPEs,and the precipitation intensity on the peak wet day was larger than that of the single synoptic mode.It was found that EPEs form within strong southwesterly anomalous flows characterized by either lower-level cyclonic circulation over SC or a deep trough over eastern China.Bandpass-filtered disturbances revealed the direct precipitating systems and their life cycles.Synoptic-scale disturbances are dominated by mid-high latitude troughs,and the cyclonic anomalies originate from downstream of the Tibetan Plateau(TP).Given the warm and moist climate state,synoptic-scale northeasterly flows can even induce EPEs.At the QBW and QM scales,the disturbances originate from the tropical Pacific,downstream of the TP,or mid-high latitudes(QBW only).Each is characterized by cyclonic-anticyclonic wave trains and intense southwesterly flows between them within a region of large horizontal pressure gradient.The intraseasonal disturbances are confined to tropical regions and influence SC by marginal southwesterly flows.It is concluded that low-frequency disturbances provide favorable background conditions for EPEs over SC and synoptic-scale disturbances ultimately induce EPEs on the peak wet days.Both should be simultaneously considered for EPE predictions over SC.

Experimental Study on Bubble Pulse Features Under the Combined Action of Horizontal and Vertical Walls

The pulse features of a bubble have a close connection with the boundary condition. When a bubble moves near a rigid wall, it will be attracted by the Bjerknes force of the wall, and a jet pointing at the wall will be generated. In real application, the bubble may move under the combined action of walls in different directions when it forms at the corner of a pipe or at the bottom of a dam. The motion of the bubble shows complex and nonlinear characteristics under these conditions. In order to investigate the bubble pulse features near complex walls, a horizontal wall and a vertical wall are put into the experimental water tank synchronously, and an electric circuit with 200 voltages is designed to generate discharge bubbles, and then experimental study on the bubble pulse features under the combined action of horizontal and vertical walls is carried out. The influences of the combined action of two walls on the bubble shape, pulse period, moving trace and inside jet are obtained by changing the distances from bubble center to the two walls. It aims at providing references for the relevant theoretical and numerical research.

Combining ability and gene action studies for yield and fibre traits in Gossypium arboreum using Griffings numerical and Haymans graphical approach

Background For the purpose of utilising hybrid vigour to produce possible hybrids with a suitable level of stability,the knowledge of gene activity and combining ability is a crucial prerequisite before choosing desirable parents.The present study was carried out with six parents crossed in full diallel fashion and generated 30 F1 hybrids.These hybrids were evaluated in two replications in Randomized Block Design at Department of Cotton,TNAU for combining ability and gene action.Diallel analysis was carried out according to Griffing’s method-I(parents + F_(1) + reciprocals) and model-I and Hayman’s graphical approach by using INDOSTAT software.Results Analysis of variance for combining ability indicated that mean square values of GCA,SCA and reciprocals were highly significant for all the traits except for the uniformity index.RG763 and K12 showed highly positively significant GCA effects for most of the yield traits while PA838 and K12 for fibre quality traits,so they were found as best general combiners.PAIG379 × K12 and PDB29 × K12 for yield traits,and PDB29 × PA838,RG763 × PA838,and CNA1007 × RG763 cross combinations for fibre quality traits could be recommended for future breeding programms.Conclusion The results of both Griffing’s and Hayman’s approaches showed that non-additive gene action predominates as SCA variance was bigger than GCA variance,so heterosis breeding is thought to be a more fruitful option for enhancing GCA of many traits.

Study on scour around vertical large-size cylinder base due to combined action of wave and current

Based on the mechanism of local scour around vertical large-sized cylinder due to combined action of wave and current,the sour morphology,scour process and the maximum scour depth around the cylinders are studied experimentally.The influence of various ocean environmental parameters on local scour around the cylinder is considered in physical model test.The experimental results indicate that the principal effect factors on the scour in fine-sand seabed are wave height,wavelength,current velocity,ratio of diameter to wavelength and ratio of depth to wavelength when the ratio of cylinder diameter to wavelength is from 0.2 to 0.8.In this paper,dimensional analysis theory is utilized to establish a theoretical equation for forecasting maximum scour depth around large-sized round cylinder base due to the combined action of wave and current.The results computed with the theoretical equation are compared with the experimental results,and found to be in good consistency.The results in this studies can be used to estimate the maximum sour depth around analogous structures.

IN SITU OBSERVATION OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE FOR SUPERALLOY GH169 UNDER COMBINED FATIGUE-CREEP ACTION

In Situ observation of deformation and fracture for superalloy GH169 under combined fatigue-creep action is made by using high temperature metalloscope,it is shown that under the test conditions the deformution takes place by merely of slipping,twinning and grain houndary sliding,and the mode of failure depends on the microstructure of specimen. lntergranular cracks arise.from W-type voids produced by the stress concentration at triple point which could not be relaxed by the interior deformation of grains and the local deformathm region along grain bounaries.And the crack propagation mechanism is the nucleation,growth and linkage of carities at the grain boundaries.Transgranular cracks form from deformatiom damages within the grain,and its propagation mechanism is shear rupture along the slip phme.

Chemospecific and Regioselective Ethereal Methyl-Oxygen Bond Cleavage Behavior of Aroylated Dimethoxynaphthalenes by Combined Action of AlCl₃and Aroyl Group

AlCl3-mediated cleavage of ethereal methyl–oxygen bond in aroylated 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene compounds proceeds chemospecifically and regioselectively. The ethereal bond at the β(2)-position of 1-monoaroylated 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene is cleaved readily and predominantly against the β(7)-position, whereas scission of β-ethereal bonds of 1,8-diaroylated 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene hardly undergoes like the non-aroylated mother frame compound of 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene.

LARGE DEFLECTION PROBLEM OF CIRCULAR PLATES WITH VARIABLE THICKNESS UNDER THE ACTION OF COMBINED LOADS

By using the modified iteration method of large deflection theory of plates with variable thichness[1], we solve the problem of circular plates with variable thickness subjected to combined loads under the boundary conditions of the clamped edges and get comparatively more accurate second-order approximate analytical solution. If the results of this paper are degraded into the special cases, the results coinciding with those of papers [1,2] can be obtained. In this paper, the characteristic curves are plotted and some comparisons are made. The results of this paper are satisfactory.

Heterosis, Combining Ability and Gene Action for Yield in Bottle Gourd

The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh during the winter season of 2018-2019 to study the genetic architecture of yield in a seven parent half diallel cross of bottle gourd. The values of mean square for GCA (general combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability) were highly significant which suggested the presence of both additive and non-additive genetic variance in the population. But the higher magnitude of GCA compared to SCA indicated predominance of additive genetic variance. In most of the cases, the cross between poor and poor parents showed positive SCA effect for fruit yield, which indicated the higher yield. The estimates of significant positive better parent heterosis ranged from 6.27 to 49.72 percent. Analysis of genetic components of variation suggested that additive components were more important in the inheritance of fruit yield. This character was observed being controlled by two to three pairs of genes or groups of genes. Narrow sense heritability was 23 percent indicating probability of selection in generations. The graphical analysis also indicated wide genetic diversity among the parents.

Test on mechanical behavior of SRC L-shaped columns under combined torsion and bending moment

Investigations of the seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete L-shaped columns under constant axial compression and cycled bending-shear-torsion load were performed.Six specimens,which considered two parameters,i.e.,the moment ratio of torsion to bending(γ)and the aspect ratio(column length-to-depth ratio,φ),were prepared for the experiment.In this study,the failure process,torsion-displacement hysteresis curves,and flexure-displacement hysteresis curves were obtained.The failure characteristics,mechanical behavior of specimens such as the failure patterns,hysteresis curves,rigidity degradation,ductility and energy dissipation,are analyzed.The experimental research indicated that the major failures of the specimens were bending failure,bending-shear failure and bending-torsion failure as the moment ratio of torsion to bending(γ)increased.The torsion-displacement hysteresis curves were pinched in the middle,formed a slip platform,and the phenomenon of“load drop”occurred after the peak load.The bending-displacement hysteresis curves were plump,which showed that bending capacity of the specimen was better than its torsion capacity.Additionally,the energy dissipation of the specimen was dominated by torsion in the early stage and ultimately governed by the bending moment in the later phase.Test results also indicated that the displacement ductility coefficient and interstory rotation angle of the failure point were less than 3.0 and 1/50,respectively,which means the test specimen performance does not meet the requirement of the Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2014)in this respect.

模块化建筑刚性桩复合地基共同作用试验分析

本文依据某模块化示范楼,制作了简化后的1∶10的模块化建筑刚性桩复合地基的室外缩尺模型,考虑了上部模块结构与地基基础共同作用。通过模型试验分析了上部模块刚度变化对上部模块钢柱、筏板基础和刚性桩复合地基各受力体的影响。结果表明:模块化建筑中部柱轴力>边部柱轴力>角部柱轴力;随上部模块刚度的增加,中部柱轴力逐渐减小,边部柱和角部柱轴力逐渐增大;筏板基础中部沉降最大,边部沉降最小,整体沉降随上部模块楼层的增加逐渐增大;角部桩身轴力>边部桩身轴力>中部桩身轴力,桩身轴力沿着桩深度方向先增大后减小;桩身上部一定范围内产生负摩阻力。分析结果能够为模块化建筑单元构件设计及刚性桩复合地基基础优化设计提供参考。

索-悬链线拱联合结构的受力机理与力学特征

早期拱桥已运营多年,缺乏有效的养护,且设计荷载等级偏低;随着交通量的增加及车辆超载,其在活载作用下的力学性能已不能满足现代交通需求。为改善此类拱桥的受力性能,提出一种索-悬链线拱联合结构,在拱肋两侧对称设置索,使索和拱肋形成新的受力体系,从而改变悬链线拱结构的传力路径,进而降低拱结构的内力。在索-拱联合结构图式下,基于弹性中心法对其力法方程进行简化,采用近似曲线积分方法推导了竖向移动荷载作用下拱肋的内力解析解,并借助ANSYS有限元软件验证解析解的准确性;分析了在车道荷载作用下索约束位置、拱轴系数、矢跨比和轴向刚度比等设计参数对拱结构的影响,揭示了索-拱联合结构的受力机理和内力变化规律。研究表明,内力解析解与有限元结果的相对误差在1%以内;索的设置改变了拱结构弯矩影响线量值的正、负区间分布,而且有效地降低了拱结构弯矩影响线的峰值,从而使拱结构的整体弯矩得到较大幅度的降低,弯矩分布更均匀;沿拱脚至拱顶,拱结构弯矩的降低幅度和轴力的增长幅度均逐渐减小;轴向刚度比从0.02增加至0.10,拱脚负弯矩的减小幅度呈非线性增大,最大降幅达63.7%;索力的增长幅度与其数值大小成反比,当索设置在距拱顶0.3L(L为拱跨经)时,索力可增至轴向刚度比为0.02时的1.9倍。矢跨比对拱结构内力带来的影响不容忽视,矢跨比越大拱结构的内力变化幅度越大;拱轴系数对拱结构内力的影响可以忽略。

地震和风耦合作用下超高层连体结构易损性分析

为探究超高层连体结构在多灾害耦合作用下的设计与安全性能,以苏州超塔为例,开展地震和风耦合作用下的多灾害易损性分析.根据设计资料建立结构有限元模型,分别开展结构在地震作用下以及地震和风耦合作用下的易损性分析,探究结构在多灾害耦合作用下的响应规律.结果表明,地震和风耦合作用下结构联合易损性随着地震动和风荷载强度的增大而增加,且地震动对结构的破坏占主导作用.地震与风耦合作用时结构达到中等破坏、严重破坏和倒塌破坏的概率均比仅地震作用时有所增加.当风速达到40 m/s时,结构在罕遇地震下达到3种破坏状态的概率分别为99.77%、91.56%和46.54%,相比于仅罕遇地震作用下分别提高了1.11%、10.73%和14.65%,相比于一般高层连体结构在同样的灾害耦合作用下分别提高了0.27%、6.26%和14.34%.

风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台耐波性能的数值模拟

通过数值模拟方法,研究风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台的耐波性能。该方法通过建立风速与波浪相干函数模型,利用该模型获得当前深水半潜平台不同工况下风速与海浪的关系,再计算风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台的海浪作用力和风作用力,以2个数值为基础,构建深水半潜平台耐波性能数值模拟模型,在不同情况下模拟风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台耐波性能。实验结果表明:该方法可在不同波浪周期时,模拟风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台的横荡和垂荡数值,在波浪周期较小时,垂荡与横荡数值也较小,深水半潜平台的耐波能力较强;风浪角越大,在波浪周期相同时深水半潜平台的垂向弯矩数值越大,其耐波能力则较小。

“机车行车安全与设备”课程岗位能力数字化培养研究

针对教学内容和岗位实际脱节、岗位能力培养的实施步骤和方法不够完善和思政育人路径不够全面等铁路机务岗位能力培养过程中面临的实际问题,依托铁道机车运用与维护专业核心课程“机车行车安全与设备”,提出了相应的三方面六种解决方法,形成了理实一体的行动导向模式和育训并举的实践训练模式,旨在通过数字化教学改革提升铁路机务岗位能力的培养实效。

去甲斑蝥素抗肿瘤作用机制与联合治疗潜力

目的 对去甲斑蝥素的药理作用机制及临床联用进行系统阐述,并对开发去甲斑蝥素新型给药系统进行展望,为去甲斑蝥素进一步深入研究和临床应用奠定基础。方法 查阅国内外相关文献,对去甲斑蝥素的药理作用机制和临床联合用药情况进行分析和归纳总结。结果 去甲斑蝥素既可以通过单药多靶点机制实现抗肿瘤作用,还具有升高白细胞和调节机体免疫平衡的功能;去甲斑蝥素在临床上可以与化疗药物、免疫药物、靶向药物或放射疗法等联用,实现协同抗癌作用;去甲斑蝥素有望开发出脂肪乳注射液、乳化体和脂质体-乳剂复合体等高靶向、缓控释、低毒性和不良反应少的新型改良系统。结论 去甲斑蝥素临床联用具有广阔的应用前景,有待进一步深入研究。

端板攻丝高强度螺栓连接受力性能试验研究

对10.9S级M16、M20高强度螺栓和Q345B端板攻丝连接与传统高强度螺栓连接受力性能进行试验对比,研究了其在单向受拉、单向受剪以及拉-剪复合受力状态下的破坏形态、受力机理和极限承载能力。试验结果表明:单向受拉时,极限承载能力和变形与传统连接方式基本一致;单向受剪时,即使是厚径比为0.8的M20螺栓,仍可实现栓杆剪断,而端板攻丝孔内牙体无明显变形破坏且攻丝连接件形式早期滑移量明显较小;拉-剪复合受力时,随着拉剪比从0.58增大到1.73,破坏形态由剪切破坏转变为受拉破坏。因此,为确保端板攻丝牙体无明显破坏,应考虑螺栓与板厚的合理设计,建议M20螺栓在单向受拉和拉-剪复合受力时厚径比不小于0.9d,3种受力状态下高强度螺栓端板攻丝连接方式的承载力与传统连接方式基本一致。试验结果分析可为工程设计提供参考依据。

身体与道德:高校生态人格塑造的离身认知与具身转向

人与自然和谐共生的现代化需要以人格的生态化推进为先导,生态人格是应对中国环境问题的必然选择,也是对人类文明生态转向的积极回应。大学生作为中国式现代化事业的建设者和接班人,理应具备资源节约、环境友好的生态人格。当下高校生态人格塑造存在虚假需要与真实需要、工具理性与价值理性、外部环境与内在秩序、知善能力与行善意向等一系列矛盾,究其原因在于传统生态文明教育的重知观念和离身方式。以具身认知修正离身认知所表现出来的机械唯物主义弊端,需要重视认知主体与场域在认知产生中的作用,打造“心理场”“教育场”“文化场”“实践场”等育人场,织补新时代大学生人格的生态缺失,促进个体人格发展的完满,从而成长为新时代生态型高素质人才。

冲击波和破片联合作用下舱段毁伤效应分析

为了研究冲击波和破片联合作用下船舶舱段的毁伤效应,首先在ANSA中建立舱段的有限元模型,设定材料模型、模拟舷侧破口、建立战斗部模型和耦合模型;之后在AUTODYN中对比分析了爆炸冲击波单独作用以及冲击波、破片联合作用2种情形下,船舶舱段的舱内爆炸载荷特性、舱室结构等效塑性应变及位移等数值结果的差异。结果表明:考虑冲击波和破片的联合作用时,冲击波压力曲线的前期趋势与冲击波单独作用下大致相同,但由于冲击波从破口发生泄漏,舱室内压力会较早达到准静态压力状态。同时,爆炸当舱的更多区域出现了大破口,毁伤主要表现为角隅大塑性变形以及边缘大面积撕裂,甲板和舷侧的最大位移和等效塑性应变也较冲击波单独作用大得多。

新型旋转减冲装置对桩基局部冲刷防护试验研究

为减轻海上风电单桩基础周围局部冲刷对其结构安全的影响,本文提出了一种新型旋转减冲装置。在波流水槽中开展物理模型试验,改变波流条件、装置安装高度、安装距离,记录桩周冲刷发展历时,运用激光地形仪扫描冲刷坑形态,分析各工况下冲刷坑形态差异,验证装置不同安装距离、安装高度下的冲刷防护效果,提出了不同安装位置下的防护效率公式。结果表明:新型旋转减冲装置具有较好的冲刷防护效果,本试验工况下,桩周最大冲刷深度可减小44%左右。装置安装距离对冲刷防护效果影响较小,波流作用下的冲刷防护效果受装置安装高度影响显著,冲刷防护效果随装置安装高度的增加而减弱。

拉伸-弯曲组合作用下高强钢丝受力行为研究

为研究拉伸-弯曲组合作用下高强钢丝的受力行为,开展了拉伸-弯曲组合作用下高强钢丝的应力测试试验,测试了高强钢丝在不同轴向荷载和弯曲角度下的应力值。建立了拉伸-弯曲组合作用下高强钢丝的有限元模型,分析了高强钢丝的应力分布情况,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了数值模型的准确性和合理性。基于该有限元模型,进一步研究了高强钢丝表面和截面内的应力分布情况,以及弯曲作用对应力范围的影响。结果表明,存在弯曲角度时,高强钢丝的应力分布会变得不均匀。相同轴向荷载时,高强钢丝应力值和应力范围都随弯曲角度的增加而增大。拉伸-弯曲组合作用会显著影响高强钢丝中部和两端区域的应力变化,使得这些区域内应力沿轴向和径向都存在较大的应力梯度,拉伸-弯曲组合作用效果在这些区域内应重点考虑。