By two years (2007-2008) located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, ...By two years (2007-2008) located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers' increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers' which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.展开更多
为了研究化肥减量配施有机肥对木薯根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构及产量的影响,采用Illumina Nova 6000测序平台,对未施肥(CK)、有机肥(T_(1))、常规施肥+有机肥(T_(2))和化肥减施+有机肥(T_(3))等施肥方式处理下的华南12号木薯根际土...为了研究化肥减量配施有机肥对木薯根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构及产量的影响,采用Illumina Nova 6000测序平台,对未施肥(CK)、有机肥(T_(1))、常规施肥+有机肥(T_(2))和化肥减施+有机肥(T_(3))等施肥方式处理下的华南12号木薯根际土壤进行16S rRNA高通量测序分析。结果表明,与CK相比,T_(3)处理不仅能显著增加木薯株高和茎粗,还能提高木薯产量。在相似水平为97%下聚类分析得到木薯根际土壤OTUs,分别为3603个(CK)、1688个(T_(1))、1276个(T_(2))和3317个(T_(3))。不同施肥方式改变土壤细菌的多样性和丰度,其物种多样性由高到低依次为:CK>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)。基于土壤细菌群落的PCoA和聚类分析,CK和T_(3)细菌群落结构组成较为相似,T_(1)与T_(2)细菌群落结构组成相似。不同施肥处理下木薯根际土壤中优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门。化肥减施配施有机肥增加了变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,降低了厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度。冗余性分析结果表明速效钾是影响木薯根际土壤菌群的主要效应因子。研究表明,化肥减量配施有机肥不仅能增加木薯的产量,还能改变木薯根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性,为发展绿色、高效、可持续的木薯产业提供坚实的理论支撑。展开更多
近地层臭氧(O_(3))已严重威胁到作物生产,而施肥可以调节土壤的养分平衡,进而促进作物生长。以两个水稻品种(徽两优898和南粳9108)为研究对象,利用开顶式气室,设置2个O_(3)浓度处理(NF:环境大气为对照;NF40:环境大气+40 nmol/mol O_(3))...近地层臭氧(O_(3))已严重威胁到作物生产,而施肥可以调节土壤的养分平衡,进而促进作物生长。以两个水稻品种(徽两优898和南粳9108)为研究对象,利用开顶式气室,设置2个O_(3)浓度处理(NF:环境大气为对照;NF40:环境大气+40 nmol/mol O_(3)),每个O_(3)处理下嵌套设置3个肥料处理(Ino:施无机肥处理,270 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Red:减施无机肥30%处理,189 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Com:有机无机肥配施处理,Red+有机肥鸡粪5000 kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)),通过测定不同生育期水稻光合参数,探究不同肥料处理下O_(3)对水稻不同生育阶段光合生理的影响。结果表明,NF40对水稻营养生长阶段的饱和光合速率(A_(sat))没有显著影响,而显著地降低了水稻灌浆期的A_(sat)。基于两个水稻品种的A_(sat)和相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)相对减少量与O_(3)累积剂量关系的斜率,发现杂交稻徽两优898(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-1.55和-0.98)比常规稻南粳9108(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-0.92和0.06)对O_(3)更敏感。此外,基于不同O_(3)处理下水稻的气孔导度(g_(s))和胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i)),可以看出O_(3)造成南粳9108光合速率降低的主要是非气孔因素,而徽两优898光合的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同限制。与Ino处理相比,Red处理主要通过降低叶片SPAD进而显著地抑制两种水稻品种的A_(sat),但Ino处理和Com处理间A_(sat)没有显著差异,说明有机无机肥配施能部分缓解减施无机肥造成水稻光合的降低。O_(3)和肥料处理对两个水稻的所有光合参数都没有显著的交互影响,表明短期有机无机肥配施并不能有效缓解O_(3)对作物造成的负面影响。在O_(3)污染背景下,研究结果可以为通过合理的农田氮肥管理措施减缓O_(3)造成的作物减产提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Supported by Black Soil Conservation Tillage and Oriented Cultivation Technology Research (GB06B107-1)Innovation Fund of Northeast Agricultural University (CXP7003-3-3)+1 种基金Northeast Agricultural University and the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Province to Black CollegesUniversities Cold Key Laboratory of Utilization and Protection of Open-funded Projects (GXS08-5)
文摘By two years (2007-2008) located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers' increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers' which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.
文摘为了研究化肥减量配施有机肥对木薯根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构及产量的影响,采用Illumina Nova 6000测序平台,对未施肥(CK)、有机肥(T_(1))、常规施肥+有机肥(T_(2))和化肥减施+有机肥(T_(3))等施肥方式处理下的华南12号木薯根际土壤进行16S rRNA高通量测序分析。结果表明,与CK相比,T_(3)处理不仅能显著增加木薯株高和茎粗,还能提高木薯产量。在相似水平为97%下聚类分析得到木薯根际土壤OTUs,分别为3603个(CK)、1688个(T_(1))、1276个(T_(2))和3317个(T_(3))。不同施肥方式改变土壤细菌的多样性和丰度,其物种多样性由高到低依次为:CK>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)。基于土壤细菌群落的PCoA和聚类分析,CK和T_(3)细菌群落结构组成较为相似,T_(1)与T_(2)细菌群落结构组成相似。不同施肥处理下木薯根际土壤中优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门。化肥减施配施有机肥增加了变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,降低了厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度。冗余性分析结果表明速效钾是影响木薯根际土壤菌群的主要效应因子。研究表明,化肥减量配施有机肥不仅能增加木薯的产量,还能改变木薯根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性,为发展绿色、高效、可持续的木薯产业提供坚实的理论支撑。
文摘近地层臭氧(O_(3))已严重威胁到作物生产,而施肥可以调节土壤的养分平衡,进而促进作物生长。以两个水稻品种(徽两优898和南粳9108)为研究对象,利用开顶式气室,设置2个O_(3)浓度处理(NF:环境大气为对照;NF40:环境大气+40 nmol/mol O_(3)),每个O_(3)处理下嵌套设置3个肥料处理(Ino:施无机肥处理,270 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Red:减施无机肥30%处理,189 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Com:有机无机肥配施处理,Red+有机肥鸡粪5000 kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)),通过测定不同生育期水稻光合参数,探究不同肥料处理下O_(3)对水稻不同生育阶段光合生理的影响。结果表明,NF40对水稻营养生长阶段的饱和光合速率(A_(sat))没有显著影响,而显著地降低了水稻灌浆期的A_(sat)。基于两个水稻品种的A_(sat)和相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)相对减少量与O_(3)累积剂量关系的斜率,发现杂交稻徽两优898(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-1.55和-0.98)比常规稻南粳9108(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-0.92和0.06)对O_(3)更敏感。此外,基于不同O_(3)处理下水稻的气孔导度(g_(s))和胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i)),可以看出O_(3)造成南粳9108光合速率降低的主要是非气孔因素,而徽两优898光合的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同限制。与Ino处理相比,Red处理主要通过降低叶片SPAD进而显著地抑制两种水稻品种的A_(sat),但Ino处理和Com处理间A_(sat)没有显著差异,说明有机无机肥配施能部分缓解减施无机肥造成水稻光合的降低。O_(3)和肥料处理对两个水稻的所有光合参数都没有显著的交互影响,表明短期有机无机肥配施并不能有效缓解O_(3)对作物造成的负面影响。在O_(3)污染背景下,研究结果可以为通过合理的农田氮肥管理措施减缓O_(3)造成的作物减产提供理论依据。