Influence of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments on preoperative anxiety of preschool-aged children undergoing surgery

BACKGROUND Preschoolers become anxious when they are about to undergo anesthesia and surgery,warranting the development of more appropriate and effective interventions.AIM To explore the effect of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments on preoperative anxiety and anesthesia induction compliance in preschool-aged children undergoing surgery.METHODS One hundred and sixteen preschool-aged children were selected and assigned to the drug(n=37),intervention(n=40),and control(n=39)groups.All the children received routine preoperative checkups and nursing before being transferred to the preoperative preparation room on the day of the operation.The drug group received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam and the intervention group treatment consisting of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments.The control group received no intervention.The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate the children’s anxiety level on the day before surgery(T0),before leaving the preoperative preparation room(T1),when entering the operating room(T2),and at anesthesia induction(T3).Compliance during anesthesia induction(T3)was evaluated using the Induction Compliance Checklist(ICC).Changes in mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and respiratory rate(RR)were also recorded at each time point.RESULTS The anxiety scores of the three groups increased variously at T1 and T2.At T3,both the drug and intervention groups had similar anxiety scores,both of which were lower than those in the control group.At T1 and T2,MAP,HR,and RR of the three groups increased.The drug and control groups had significantly higher MAP and RR than the intervention group at T2.At T3,the MAP,HR,and RR of the drug group decreased and were significantly lower than those in the control group but were comparable to those in the intervention group.Both the drug and intervention groups had similar ICC scores and duration of anesthesia induction(T3),both of which were higher than those of the control group.CONCLUSION Combining static cartoons with dynamic virtual environments as effective as medication,specifically midazolam,in reducing preoperative anxiety and fear in preschool-aged children.This approach also improve their compliance during anesthesia induction and helped maintain their stable vital signs.

Synergistic effects of total ionizing dose and radiated electromagnetic interference on analog-to-digital converter

The influence of combined total ionization dose(TID)and radiated electromagnetic interference(EMI)in a commercial analog-to-digital converter(ADC)was studied.The degradation of the direct-current response,the static parameters,and the dynamic parameters caused by the TID and EMI separately and synergistically is presented.The experimental results demonstrate that the increase in TID intensifies data error and the signal-tonoise ratio(SNR)degradation caused by radiated EMI.The cumulative distribution function of EMI failure with respect to data error and SNR with different TIDs was extracted.The decreasing trend of the threshold was acquired with a small sample size of five for each TID group.The result indicates that the ADC is more sensitive in a compound radiation environment.

Chlorination pattern effect on thermodynamic parameters and environmental degradability for C_(10)-SCCPs: Quantum chemical calculation based on virtual combinational library

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins（SCCPs） are still controversial candidates for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention.The inherent mixture nature of SCCPs makes it rather difficult to explore their environmental behaviors.A virtual molecule library of 42,720 C10-SCCP congeners covering the full structure spectrum was constructed.We explored the structural effects on the thermodynamic parameters and environmental degradability of C10-SCCPs through semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations.The thermodynamic properties were acquired using the AM1 method,and frontier molecular orbital analysis was carried out to obtain the EHOMO,ELUMO and ELUMO-EHOMO for degradability exploration at the same level.The influence of the chlorination degree（NCl on the relative stability and environmental degradation was elucidated.A novel structural descriptor,μ,was proposed to measure the dispersion of the chlorine atoms within a molecule.There were significant correlations between thermodynamic values and NCl,while the reported NCl-dependent pollution profile of C10-SCCPs in environmental samples was basically consistent with the predicted order of formation stability of C10-SCCP congeners.In addition,isomers with largeμ showed higher relative stability than those with small μ.This could be further verified by the relationship between μ and the reactivity of nucleophilic substitution and · OH attack respectively.The C10-SCCP congeners with less Cl substitution and lower dispersion degree are susceptible to environmental degradation via nucleophilic substitution and hydroxyl radical attack,while direct photolysis of C10-SCCP congeners cannot readily occur due to the large ELUMO-EHOMO values.The chlorination effect and the conclusions were further checked with appropriate density functional theory（DFT） calculations.

Soil particle and moisture-related factors determine landward distribution of bacterial communities in a lateral riverside continuum of the Xilin River Basin

Continuous landscape components along the lateral riverside are affected by both hydrologic connectivity and disconnectivity.In recent years,anthropogenic activities and climate changes have caused wetland shrinkage and land degradation along the lateral riverside of many arid and semiarid regions.Since microorganisms are major drivers of soil biochemical cycling,it is essential to examine soil microbial communities along the lateral landscape continuum to understand their ecosystem functioning and predict future land changes.Here,we collected samples along a lateral riverbed center-riverbed edge-oxbow lake-floodplain-terrace continuum(i.e.,landward distribution)in the Xilin River Basin,Inner Mongolia,China.The floodplain had the highest microbial diversity and heterogeneity,with Bacteroidetes,β-andγ-Proteobacteria being the most abundant taxa.In contrast,the terrace had the lowest microbial diversity and heterogeneity,with Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Verrucomicrobia,Gemmatimonadetes,andα-Proteobacteria as the most abundant taxa.Silt particle,salinity,and moisture were the most influential factors for landward variation of bacterial communities along the riverside continuum.Altogether,we demonstrate that dominant bacterial lineages,soil particles,and moisture-related factors are valuable indicators of this continuum,which can be leveraged for the early prediction of drought-induced wetland shrinkage and grassland desertification.