Multi-Dimensional Analysis of China’s“Double Reduction” Policy

Under China’s“Double Reduction”policy,although the educational pressure has somewhat reduced,the mechanism of talent selection through examinations still exists,which means competition remains,leading to the internalization of education.This article analyzes the challenges faced by the“Double Reduction”policy from historical and current perspectives.The reasons for the internalization of education are examined and four recommendations for the further implementation of the“Double Reduction”policy are presented.

Research on the Well-off Family Education Investment under the Policy of Double Reduction

Chinese education is like a large competitive game in the past time,with a lot of over-step learning and pre-emptive education increasing the extra—curricular pressure on primary and secondary school students day by day.In 2021,the national"double reduction"policy was implemented,and in 2022,the"Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China"was introduced.With the combined effect of"one government,one law",the status and role of family education have become more prominent,so it is of great practical significance to understand the education investment behavior of Chinese families.Therefore,this study is a case study of three students and their families from different schools in Weifang,Shandong Province in China.Through semi-structured interviews,this paper discusses the educational investment of well-off families after the implementation of the double reduction policy.The results show that art-related learning content dominates the education expenditure of well-off families after the implementation of the double-reducing policy,while cultural tutoring decreases.Becasue of(a)parents mainly want to cultivate their children's interests and hobbies or provide guidance for weak subjects;(b)the lack of understanding of the double reduction policy,leading to parents and students blindly follow the trend,increasing the pressure of students and parents'anxiety.This study focuses on the feelings of students and parents after the implementation of the double reduction policy,and attaches importance to the problems arising after the implementation of the policy.The findings are helpful to provide reference for future research on the educational investment of wealthy families after the implementation of the double reduction policy.

The Role of Mathematics in STEAM Education under the“Double Reduction”Policy

This essay delves into the pivotal role of mathematics within the context of STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics)education under China’s“Double Reduction”policy.Amidst a shifting global education landscape that emphasizes holistic growth,policies such as the“Double Reduction”strategy underscore the significance of well-rounded development alongside academic excellence.By advocating for a balanced approach to education,the policy resonates with the principles of STEAM education,which seeks to cultivate versatile and innovative individuals.Mathematics,acting as a unifying force,connects disparate STEAM disciplines,fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and preparing students to thrive in a rapidly evolving,technology-driven world.This essay provides an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted role of mathematics in STEAM education,drawing on specific cases and scholarly references to highlight its contributions to creativity,critical thinking,and holistic development.

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Spatial emission reduction effects of China’s carbon emissions trading:quasi-natural experiments and policy spillovers

Insufficient assessment of emission reduction effects still exists in the carbon emission rights trading system,a major environmental regulation measure in China.Based on the data from the carbon trading pilot covering the years from 2007 to 2017,this study combined the synthetic control method with dynamic spatial Durbin model to comprehensively evaluate the spatial emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies.The results showed that:①The carbon trading policies promoted carbon emission reductions in the pilot regions,among which Tianjin and Hubei responded significantly,and also helped to suppress carbon emissions in the neighboring areas.②Long-term emission reduction effect from carbon emissions trading became gradually significant,while the indirect emission reduction effect was relatively weaker.③In term of reducing carbon emissions,the economic development channel played a key role,but it had a threat to the promotion of carbon emissions in the surrounding areas.Energy consumption was the main obstacle to the growth of carbon emissions.④In the long run,technological progress tended to become the key to the effective implementation of potential emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies.Based on the above findings,we suggest that the construction of a national carbon trading market should be promoted,the balanced development and orderly advancement of regional carbon trading markets should be paid attention to,the coordinated development of green economy as well as knowledge and technology exchange and cooperation among regions should be strengthened to form a low carbon development model among regions.

Are energy conservation and emission reduction policy measures effective for industrial structure restructuring and upgrading?

The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact;the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.

The Emission Reduction Potential of Non-CO_2 Greenhouse Gases in China and Its Policy Implications

Using the improved Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model (GTAP-E) and the sixth version of emission database of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, we simulate the emission reduction potential of non-CO2 greenhouse gases in China and its policy implications. The results show that at present, China is a country with the greatest emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases in the world, and the emission will account for about 20% of the world's total emission in 2020. The proportion of emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases from the agricultural sector reaches 73%. In the next 10 years, the emission of non-CO2 gases from cattle and sheep, industry and service industry will experience the highest growth rate; the growth rate of emission from service industry will be higher than that of emission from industry, and the emission from service industry will exceed that from industry after 2010. China can implement emission reduction policy of non-CO2 greenhouse gases to ease the international pressure of CO2 emission reduction. Although the high carbon tax collected can reduce considerable non-CO2 emission, there is little difference in policy efficiency between high carbon tax and low carbon tax. So, in the implementation of emission reduction carbon tax policy of non-CO2 gases, it is necessary to control the carbon tax at a low level.

Greenhouse gas emission reduction in public buildings according to greenhouse gas reduction policies in Daegu

The issues related to climate change such as depletion of energy resources and continuous high oil prices,global warming,and development of clean energy are adopted and discussed as a national agenda internationally.To cope with these domestic and foreign energy and environmental problems actively,government must prepare prudently in methodology of greenhouse gas reduction.Especially,as energy consumption of buildings accounts for 26 of national consumption,plans to reduce energy consumption of buildings are needed.Each region has a unique nature of energy consumption or consumption patterns,thus an appropriate policy or goal to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) should be selected.For this,effects on the current policies for GHG as well as nature of energy consumption of buildings should be analyzed.We analyzed quantitatively the effectiveness of policies to reduce GHG emission in public buildings.

Tax Cuts and Fee Reduction Will Provide More Policy Bonuses

'This year we will put more efforts in to tax cuts and fee reductions, to lower the VAT rate and contribution rate for basic retirement insurance. The surplus will amount to RMB 2 trillion,'Premier Li Keqiang said at the press conference during the Two Sessions.He also commented that all types of enterprises will benefit from the tax cuts and fee reductions policies and it will have a very high efficiency as the benefits will be delivered directly to market entities. The VAT cuts took effect from April 1 and pension insurance rate will be lower starting from May 1.

A Critical Review of Policies for Emission Reduction of Non-road Mobile Machinery

Increasing attention is being paid to the reduction of emissions from non-road mobile machinery,and many policies to promote the reduction have been established in countries and regions around the world,including the United States,Canada,the European Union,and China.This paper reviews these policies and analyzes two successful grant programs in the USA.Depending on the findings from the research,it is suggested that the Chinese government should tighten emission standards,introduce more financial subsidies,and strengthen supervision.

Analysis of the Influence and Countermeasures of China’s New Educational Policy“Double Reduction”-Take an After-School English Training Institution as an Example

Recently,the Chinese government has published a new policy,called“Double Reduction”,addressing the problems of the workloads of the students under high school,and in the after-school training institution.Under this current situation,many after-school training institutions are confronting serious difficulties,even have to shut down and exit the market.Thus,it is of great significance to carefully analyze and discuss the influence on a certain case and its countermeasures.The article discusses the background of the“Double Reduction”policy,which is exam-oriented education,quality-oriented education,and education modernization.The article analyzes the influence and countermeasures of the“Double Reduction”on a medium size after-school English training institution in Wenzhou,Zhejiang,China.By using the method of interview,this article presents specific data about the influence and detailed plans of transition.

The Correlation Study between Thinking Styles and English-Speaking Learning Strategies of Junior School Students under the Background of “Double Reduction” Policy

Based on Cognitive Style Theory,Oxford’s Speaking Learning Theory and Communicative Competence Theory,this paper adopts questionnaire method,uses Sternberg’s Thinking Style Inventory modified by Zhang Lifang,as well as Oxford’s Learning Strategies Scale,and combines with the actual situation of junior high school students’oral learning to design the questionnaire of speaking learning strategies.Eighth graders of a junior middle school in Sichuan Province are randomly selected as the research object.The statistical tool SPSS23.0 is used to conduct the descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis of the questionnaire results to explore the overall situation of junior high school students’thinking styles and the use of English-speaking learning strategies as well as their correlation.According to the research,junior high school students generally tend to executive style,liberal style,conservative style,legislative style,hierarchic style.The use of speaking learning strategies is at an average level.They tend to use memory speaking strategies,social speaking strategies,affective speaking strategies,and cognitive speaking strategies.As a whole,there is a relatively significant correlation between thinking styles and speaking learning strategies.Specifically,there is a partial correlation between thinking styles and speaking learning strategies.

A research of green taxation policy for promoting energy saving and emission reduction

It's been proved by theory and practice that taxation policy is one of the important means of realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The green taxation system in the Western countries has got better effects in energy saving and environmental protection. In the recent years, China has in succession released some taxation policies promoting energy saving and emission reduction, but still has a huge gap to meet the real needs of energy saving and emission reduction. By analyzing China's status quo of the polices of energy saving and emission reduction and drawing upon experiences of the developed countries about green taxation, this paper presents how to perfect ideas of China's energy saving and emission reduction taxation policies: adjusting taxes relevant to green taxation in the current taxation system, such as resource tax, consumer tax, and so on; collecting new environmental tax; perfecting the preferential taxation policies for the energy saving and environmental protection industries.

Chinese Public's Willingness to Pay for CO＿2 Emissions Reductions: A Case Study from Four Provinces/Cities

Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) was used to investigate the Chinese public's willingness to pay(WTP) for a policy to reduce CO2 emissions. Face to face interviews were conducted to collect 1,653 valid questionnaires from Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong province, and Fujian province. A model was constructed to understand the factors that influence WTP. The results indicate that the Chinese public is willing to pay CN 201.86 annually to support the policy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Participants from Beijing show the highest WTP, followed by participants from Fujian and Shandong, while those from Shanghai report the lowest WTP. The findings reveal that participants with higher income, higher satisfaction with their current life, and awareness of climate issues are willing to pay more for CO2 emissions reductions. In addition, those who are young, male and members of the Communist Party also indicate a higher WTP. The results imply that translating the public's willingness to protect climate into actions should be taken into account in China's low carbon policy. There is a need to consider the difference in degree of willingness, among different social groups, to pay for emissions reductions if the market-based mechanisms such as carbon tax were designed to facilitate emissions reductions.

Study on the Emission Reduction Effect of Environmental Protection Tax—An Empirical Study Based on the Change of Pollution Charge Standard in China?

This paper reflects the actual effect of China’s environmental protection tax by empirically analyzing the environmental effect of the emission fee, in order to provide reference for China’s environmental tax reform. Based on the traditional environmental “Kuznets” model, the factor of environmental tax is added to verify the effect of environmental governance of environmental tax. The results show that: 1) the improvement of sulfur dioxide emission charge standard can effectively inhibit industrial sulfur dioxide emission, which verifies the existence of environmental effect of pollution levy policies. 2) The improvement of sewage charge standard has better inhibitory effect on sulfur dioxide emission per unit GDP than on sulfur dioxide emission. 3) There is regional heterogeneity in the “emission reduction” effect of sulfur dioxide emission charges in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Pollutants should be taxed differently according to regional differences. 4) Economic growth and sulfur dioxide emission show an inverted “U” shape, China is still in the stage before the inflection point of EKC. Economic growth still takes environmental damage as the cost, and the “emission reduction” effect of technological progress is not ideal, which reveals the urgency of increasing technological development in the field of green environmental protection under the current situation.

Analysis of Global CCS Technology,Regulations and Its Potential for Emission Reduction with Focus on China

这份报纸介绍碳俘获和存储(CCS ) 的发展与 CCS 有关的技术，在 CCS 示范工程的进步，和规定和政策。为 CCS 的大规模推广的障碍和限制被讨论。为排放减小的 CCS 和不同工艺的答案(例如，精力保存和可更新的精力) 被比较。分析证明中国应该小心地评估 CCS 推广和需要的否定影响在 CCS 提高研究和开发输入以便掌握 CCS 系统的核心技术。而且， CCS 刺激应该取决于实际 CCS 开发。基于当前的状况，中国可以需要集中于与 CCS 技术翻新存在热发电厂， CCS 能因此为未来被支持大规模申请。引证扇子， Y. ， L. 朱，和 X. 张， 2011：为有中国的焦点的排放减小的全球 CCS 技术，规定和它的潜力的分析。副词。Clim。变化物件， 2 (2 ) ， doi：10.3724/SP .J.1248.2011.00057。

短视频平台公共政策传播的信息框架效应——基于“双减”政策的视频内容分析与实验

[目的/意义]短视频作为新兴的互联网信息表达方式,已逐渐成为政策传播的重要工具。探索短视频平台在公共政策信息传播中的效力以及受众采纳意愿,有助于提升公共政策传播效果。[研究设计/方法]以“双减”政策为例,根据框架效应理论和信息采纳理论,通过内容分析法归纳总结短视频平台中“双减”政策信息框架的组织方式,同时分析不同政策信息框架对传播效果的影响;此外,采用在线控制实验法验证了不同政策信息框架对受众采纳意愿的影响。[结论/发现]在短视频平台中有近四成的信息使用了目标框架,其中损失框架居多,多数采用集体主义视角和非叙事陈述方式;目标框架、文化框架、叙事框架对受众的评论、转发、点赞意愿并未产生显著影响;双减政策信息中,损失、收益框架,集体、个人主义价值观以及叙事和非叙事要素都能增强受众的采纳意愿,并且目标框架与文化框架之间存在交互效应。[创新/价值]研究结论对于政策宣传部门及相关政府机构优化政策传播策略,提高传播效果具有启示作用。

“双减”背景下课后服务协同治理的现实困境与纾解策略

课后服务是深入推进“双减”政策的重要制度补充和保障,从“自上而下”的行政推动走向“上下互动”的协同治理是提升课后服务质量的必然选择。课后服务协同治理的核心是通过“价值共识—权力配置—行动网络—制度支持”四维联动,重构政府、学校、社会、家庭等多元主体之间的新型关系,协同推进课后服务质量的提升。基于课后服务协同治理分析框架发现,当前课后服务协同治理存在价值目标分离、多元主体权责模糊、协同合作机制缺位、制度保障供给不足等问题。课后服务协同治理应构建以公共利益为核心的目标导向,重构政府主导、学校主阵地、家庭主人翁、社会积极参与的多元治理主体权责关系,搭建合作、互动、协商的行动网络,持续增加资源、制度供给创新,构建良好的课后服务治理生态,助推“双减”走深走实。

“双减”政策视域中义务教育阶段教师角色转型的挑战与应答

中国正处于“双减”时代的初始阶段,需要义务教育阶段教师推动学校教育提质增效、缓解家长过度焦虑情绪、开发学生的个性潜能、实现教育回归其本质初心。部分中小学教师由于思想认识滞后、适应能力不足、专业素养不高以及评价方式失当和对学生家长沟通指导欠缺等原因,使得义务教育阶段教师角色转型充满挑战。合理应对挑战,回应时代呼唤,教师角色需要由被动的执行者转变为主动的学习设计师,由学生的指导引路者转变为学生的生涯规划师,由知识灌输者转变为教育的研究者,由分数商人转变为学生发展的数据分析师,由家长代理人转变为家庭教育的指导师。

“双减”背景下中小学办学质量评价体系构建

将“双减”政策要求转化为中小学办学质量评价内容并建立与之相适应的评价机制,是当前教育评价改革面临的一项重要课题。学校办学质量评价应遵循质量为本、注重增值、尊重差异、多元参与的原则,通过细化指标形成测评点、研发适用于不同主体的测评工具、确定评价标准、构建学校办学质量指数等技术路径开展评价;同时还要建立政府部门协同联动、专业机构提供支撑、学校积极参与的组织管理机制,构建评价—反馈—改进—追踪的政策闭环,发挥以评促建的作用。