The origin, classification, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resources, and breeding methods were introduced. The researches of biotic or/and abiotic stress, exploration of genomics and proteomics in common bea...The origin, classification, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resources, and breeding methods were introduced. The researches of biotic or/and abiotic stress, exploration of genomics and proteomics in common bean in recent years were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide theoretical reference for utilization and innovation of germplasm resources in common bean.展开更多
The mechanism through which exit options and outside opportunities affect cooperation outcomes has not been well studied in the resource management literature, since a deep analysis of the concepts of “exit options”...The mechanism through which exit options and outside opportunities affect cooperation outcomes has not been well studied in the resource management literature, since a deep analysis of the concepts of “exit options” and “outside opportunities” is missing. This article analyzes these concepts across the common pool resource management literature, investigates the factors that underlie “opting out” decisions, and reviews potential ways to operationalize these concepts for empirical analysis. It also explores how the relationship of cooperation and exit options may be influenced by broad economic processes, such as economic integration.展开更多
This article analyzes the importance of non use values in the management of natural resources with a model of imperfect competition.By constucting a framework of duopolistic exploiters,the incorporation of non use v...This article analyzes the importance of non use values in the management of natural resources with a model of imperfect competition.By constucting a framework of duopolistic exploiters,the incorporation of non use values based on self interest and altruistic motives appears to be significant for determining the degree of inefficiency caused by the problem of common property at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.It is found that when the non use value placed by the altruist exploiter is bounded by that placed by the pure self interest exploiter,the effect of market power is dominated by the effect of common exploitation.In this case,the exploiters' harvesting strategy will response in the same direction to the change of each other's harvesting at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.In contrast,when the non use value placed by the altruist is substantially larger or smaller than that placed by the self interest exploiter,one exploiter's increase in harvesting will lead to a decrease in harvesting of the other exploiter at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.展开更多
Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities w...Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities which dump household wastes, and pollution externalities arising from dyeing and screen-printing of fabric industries. Conventional approach to control the pollution might not be effective since it will end up in zero sum game. This paper attempts to explore the role of traditional institituion in managing common pool resource such as controlling river pollution. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of traditional law on managing pollution of printing and dyeing industries on this big river. Survey method was used for collecting primary data and then the data was analyzed by ordinal regression to determine the effect of internal and external factors which influence the intensity of pollution. The result indicates that even though traditional might help to influence household and industry＇s decision making, it might not sufficient enough to reduce the pollution of the river. Other factors are influencing the waste management, such as level of waste management knowledge of the entrepreneur, the attitude of the entrepreneur toward public program especially on waste and pollution management, the financial support, and the education level of government supervision. Furthermore, Government of Denpasar City need to arrange policy that giving incentive to businessman who handling waste properly and also giving reward to traditional organization who implementing local wisdom and norm to control river pollution strictly.展开更多
OER Commons项目是由美国教育领域的知识管理研究协会(ISKME)创建的共享开放教育资源的知识库与联接门户,旨在支持开放教育资源应用和重用。文章介绍了OER Commons项目的发展及其特色,并分析了该项目的开放机制,提出了对我国开放教育资...OER Commons项目是由美国教育领域的知识管理研究协会(ISKME)创建的共享开放教育资源的知识库与联接门户,旨在支持开放教育资源应用和重用。文章介绍了OER Commons项目的发展及其特色,并分析了该项目的开放机制,提出了对我国开放教育资源建设的启示。展开更多
This paper deals with the imperatives of nature-society interaction in the Himalayas as seen through CPR (Common Property Resources). It specifically looks at the process and factors that characterize the dynamics of ...This paper deals with the imperatives of nature-society interaction in the Himalayas as seen through CPR (Common Property Resources). It specifically looks at the process and factors that characterize the dynamics of the above interactions, with particular reference to the changing status and governance of CPRs at community levels. The paper puts together the synthesis of observations and inferences of different studies by ICIMOD and others in mountain regions, particularly in different parts of Nepal, India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China and Pakistan. Rural CPRs (providing sustenance supplies and services) as an important component of a community’s natural resource base, manifest the institutional arrangements evolved by the communities to facilitate their adaptations to nature. The above process can be more clearly illustrated with reference to specific characteristics of mountain areas, called mountain specificities. However, over time, the situation of CPRs in terms of their extent and status, governance and management as well as contributions to community sustenance, has changed. The paper attempts toindicate potential lead lines for searching options for rehabilitation of CPRs, based on a closer under- standing of the factors contributing to their decline.展开更多
基金Supported by Postdoctor Initial Funding Project from Northeast China Agricultural Innovation Center(2013-2015)Fund for Overseas Students from the Personnel Department of Jilin Province(3140101)~~
文摘The origin, classification, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resources, and breeding methods were introduced. The researches of biotic or/and abiotic stress, exploration of genomics and proteomics in common bean in recent years were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide theoretical reference for utilization and innovation of germplasm resources in common bean.
文摘The mechanism through which exit options and outside opportunities affect cooperation outcomes has not been well studied in the resource management literature, since a deep analysis of the concepts of “exit options” and “outside opportunities” is missing. This article analyzes these concepts across the common pool resource management literature, investigates the factors that underlie “opting out” decisions, and reviews potential ways to operationalize these concepts for empirical analysis. It also explores how the relationship of cooperation and exit options may be influenced by broad economic processes, such as economic integration.
文摘This article analyzes the importance of non use values in the management of natural resources with a model of imperfect competition.By constucting a framework of duopolistic exploiters,the incorporation of non use values based on self interest and altruistic motives appears to be significant for determining the degree of inefficiency caused by the problem of common property at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.It is found that when the non use value placed by the altruist exploiter is bounded by that placed by the pure self interest exploiter,the effect of market power is dominated by the effect of common exploitation.In this case,the exploiters' harvesting strategy will response in the same direction to the change of each other's harvesting at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.In contrast,when the non use value placed by the altruist is substantially larger or smaller than that placed by the self interest exploiter,one exploiter's increase in harvesting will lead to a decrease in harvesting of the other exploiter at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.
文摘Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities which dump household wastes, and pollution externalities arising from dyeing and screen-printing of fabric industries. Conventional approach to control the pollution might not be effective since it will end up in zero sum game. This paper attempts to explore the role of traditional institituion in managing common pool resource such as controlling river pollution. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of traditional law on managing pollution of printing and dyeing industries on this big river. Survey method was used for collecting primary data and then the data was analyzed by ordinal regression to determine the effect of internal and external factors which influence the intensity of pollution. The result indicates that even though traditional might help to influence household and industry＇s decision making, it might not sufficient enough to reduce the pollution of the river. Other factors are influencing the waste management, such as level of waste management knowledge of the entrepreneur, the attitude of the entrepreneur toward public program especially on waste and pollution management, the financial support, and the education level of government supervision. Furthermore, Government of Denpasar City need to arrange policy that giving incentive to businessman who handling waste properly and also giving reward to traditional organization who implementing local wisdom and norm to control river pollution strictly.
文摘This paper deals with the imperatives of nature-society interaction in the Himalayas as seen through CPR (Common Property Resources). It specifically looks at the process and factors that characterize the dynamics of the above interactions, with particular reference to the changing status and governance of CPRs at community levels. The paper puts together the synthesis of observations and inferences of different studies by ICIMOD and others in mountain regions, particularly in different parts of Nepal, India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China and Pakistan. Rural CPRs (providing sustenance supplies and services) as an important component of a community’s natural resource base, manifest the institutional arrangements evolved by the communities to facilitate their adaptations to nature. The above process can be more clearly illustrated with reference to specific characteristics of mountain areas, called mountain specificities. However, over time, the situation of CPRs in terms of their extent and status, governance and management as well as contributions to community sustenance, has changed. The paper attempts toindicate potential lead lines for searching options for rehabilitation of CPRs, based on a closer under- standing of the factors contributing to their decline.
