Saffron(Crocus sativus L.) stigmas as a potential natural additive to improve oxidative stability attributes of sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) oil stored under different conditions

The aim of our study was to explore the antioxidant potential of Moroccan saffron stigmas(SS) and examine their performance as a natural antioxidant in enhancing the stability and quality properties of edible sunflower oil(SO), with a focus on understanding the critical importance of edible oil stability for predicting quality deterioration during storage. Bearing this in mind, our research was designed to compare the efficacy of three concentrations of dried SS(at 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.6%) against tocobiol(a synthetic antioxidant) as a positive control(at 0.3% concentration). This comparison was conducted under three distinct storage conditions namely accelerated ageing(60 ℃), exposure to light at ambient temperature, and darkness, to evaluate their impact on preventing severe oxidation and extending oil shelf-life. Oxidation state evolution was evaluated through peroxide value(PV), free fatty acid(FFA), anisidine value(p-AV), K_(270)value(conjugated trienes), total oxidation index(TOTOX), iodine value(IV), and fatty acid composition(FA). Our results revealed notable differences in stability tracking parameters. Specifically, these parameters were higher in samples stored under accelerated conditions, followed by the samples stored in ambient light, while those stored in darkness showed the highest stability among the three storage conditions. Supplementation of sunflower oil with SS and tocobiol significantly enhanced its oxidation stability. Notably, SS exhibited exceptional effectiveness in stabilizing sunflower oil regardless of SS dose, with the highest efficacy observed at 0.6%. This was evidenced by the slower rate of oxidation parameters under various storage conditions, highlighting a superior antioxidant activity compared to both the non-enriched oil and tocobiol-enriched oil. Furthermore, saffron stigmas, used as a natural supplement,contributed to the preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, indicating its potential as a robust source of natural antioxidants in sunflower oil. These attributes position SS as a promising alternative to synthetic antioxidants, offering opportunities to enhance the nutritional quality and extend edible oil shelf-life.

Identification, characterization and full-length sequence analysis of a novel endornavirus in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To identify the possible quarantine viruses in seven common sunflower varieties imported from the United States of America and the Netherlands, we tested total RNAs extracted from the leaf tissues using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. After analysis of small RNA sequencing data, no any quarantine virus was found, but a double-stranded RNA（dsRNA） molecule showing typical genomic features of endornavirus was detected in two varieties, X3939 and SH1108. Full-length sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is a novel endornavirus, temporarily named as Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus（HaEV）. Its full genome corresponds to a 14 662-bp dsRNA segment, including a 21-nt 5′ untranslated region（UTR）, 3＇ UTR ending with the unique sequence CCCCCCCC and lacking a poly（A） tail. An open reading frame（ORF） that encodes a deduced 4 867 amino acids（aa） polyprotein with three domains： RdRP, Hel and UGT（UDP-glycosyltransferase）. HaEV mainly distributed in the cytoplasm but less in the nucleus of leaf cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH） experiment. This virus has a high seed infection rate in the five varieties, X3907, X3939, A231, SH1108 and SR1320. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the virus of the family Endornaviridae in the common sunflower.

Effects of Exogenous Vc on Seed Germination and Physiological Properties of Oil Sunflower(Helianthus annuus) under Salt Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to provide the theoretical and technical basis for alleviating salt damages in production practice of oil sunflower （Helianthus annuus）. [Method] Seeds of oil sunflower were used as experimental materials and treated with 120 mmol/L NaCI solution and 0-200 mg/L Vc solution during the germina- tion process, to investigate the effects of exogenous Vc on seed germination and physiological properties of oil sunflower under salt stress. [Result] Under salt stress, with the increase of Vc concentration, germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities and proline （Pro） content of oil sunflower seedlings increased first and then declined, which reached the maixmum in 80 mg/L Vc treatment, 120 mg/L Vc treatment and 80 mg/L Vc treatment, respectively; malondialdehyde （MDA） content of oil sunflower seedlings declined first and then increased, which reached the minimum in 160 mg/L Vc treatment. [Conclusion] To varying degrees, Vc could improve germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds and promote seedling growth under salt stress, thus alleviating the damages of salt stress to seed germination and seedling growth of oil sunflower.

Study on Petal-Sepal Mutant of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) after Space Mutation

In this paper, we studied the morphological, histological and photosynthetic characteristics of the stably inherited sunflower petal-sepal mutant, and it was obtained by the space radiation-induced mutagenesis. Afterwards, we got following results: 1) The morphological characteristics represented that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant maintained the appearance and structure of capitulum, whereas no explicit tubular flower or ligulate flower was differentiated. 2) The histological characteristics revealed that the petal-sepal mutant only completed the inflorescence development and the differentiation of sepal primordia and inflorescence primordia, without entering the differentiation stage of tubular flower primordia, ligulate flower primordia, stamen primordia or pistil primordia. 3) The photosynthetic characteristics showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of petal-sepal mutant were relatively weaker than the control plants. In the end, we concluded that the petal-sepal mutant of sunflower had only inflorescence differentiation, while several mutant genes were caused by radiation-induced mutation, which entered an infinitely recurrent development process rather than the floral differentiation stage. We also observed a few chloroplast structures in the paraffin section, combined with the results of photosynthetic characteristics of petal-sepal mutant, and then we believed that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant was involved in photosynthesis to accumulate energy for plant growth.

Evaluation of Three Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） Hybrids for Salt Tolerance in Vitro

This study aimed to induce callus from three sunflower （Helianthus annulus L.） hybrids, namely Anna, Alhaja and Kuds, and to evaluate their callus for salt stress tolerance. Cotyledons and hypocotyl were taken from seedling of these hybrids and cultured on MS media contained 2,4-D （0,0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L） and kinetin （0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L）. The cultures incubated at 25 ＋ I^C under light condition （1,000 Lux） for 16 h/day. After 6 weeks observations were taken on the response of cotyledons and hypocotyl to callus induction. The induced callus were cultured on the same MS media that contained appropriate concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin for callus induction as well as contained various concentration of sodium chloride NaCI （0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%）. After six weeks callus fresh and dry weights, proline and total carbohydrates concentrations were measured. The results showed significant differences among the hybrids, explants, 2,4-D and kinetin concentration and significant interaction between them in their percentage response for callus induction. The results also revealed that fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced with increased NaCI concentration in the medium, hybrids showed significant differences in their response to salt stress. Proline and total carbohydrate concentration increased in callus as NaCI increased in the media. Significant interaction was showed between hybrids and NaCI concentration in these parameters.

Influences of Genotype and Explant on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）

In vitro regeneration was performed with the aim of developing efficient callus and shoot regeneration from different explants of sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）. The 6 genotypes （RHAI0, RHA 14, RHA15, PR6404, N Record 109/Sanay 3-5, N Record 109/Sera） were used as plant materials. The roots, hypocotyls and cotyledons were excised from 4 day-old seedlings and cultured on embryo induction medium （EIM） supplemented with Benzylaminopurine （BAP）, Naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） and Gibberellic acid （GA3）. The experiments were kept in 18/6 hour light/dark photoperiod at 26± 2 ℃for four weeks. The rates of callus and root organ formation on explants were 67%-100% and 7%-31% respectively, depending on the genotype. Root explants produced statistically high callus formation （2.6 score） compared to cotyledon （2.0 score） and hypocotyl explants （2.5 score） at all sunflower genotypes used. The highest shoot regeneration was obtained from RHAI 5 （7%） while PR6404 （100%） produced the highest callus formation.

向日葵[Helianthus annuus(L.)]白花粉突变体遗传研究初报

向日葵[IIelianlhus anuus (L.)]是我国的重要经济作物。其花粉通常呈深浅程度不同的黄颜色。据我们掌握和查新资料,目前世界上尚未见有关白花粉方面的报道。1989年7月下旬至8月上旬,我们在吉林农业大学向日葵育种试验田的恢复系C8711群体中,先后发现4株白花粉突变体。暂分别定名为C8711—1、C8711—2、C8711—3和C8711—4。在进行人工套袋之前,此4株突变体已经在一定程度上发生了开放授粉,其中C8711—4开放授粉程度较轻。成熟时单独收获这4株突变体的种子,以进行有关遗传学研究,本文拟对白花粉突变的遗传学机理进行初步的探讨。

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of seeds and flowers crude extracts of sunflower

Oil-producing crops,including Helianthus annuus L.(H.annuus,Sunflower),have been used for the treatment of different human diseases since ancient times.This study aims to determine the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of different polarities of seeds and flower extracts of locally grown H.annuus by well-established bioassays.To achieve the objects,the plant extracts were prepared from both flowers and seeds powder samples individually with methanol solvent by using a Soxhlet extraction method.The antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the flowers and seed extracts were determined by the in vitro diffusion and brine shrimp method(BSL).The results of the antimicrobial potential of both prepared flower and seed extracts of various polarities at different concentrations showed promising potential against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains,within the range of inhibition zone 0–20 mm.Among the flower extracts,the highest potential was obtained in water extract and the lowest potential was in butanol extract followed by water>ethyl acetate>hexane>methanol>chloroform>butanol extracts.However,from the seed extracts,the highest potential was obtained in water extract and the lowest potential was in the methanol extract followed by water>hexane>butanol>ethyl acetate>chloroform>methanol extract.On the other hand,the results of cytotoxicity among the flowers extracts against the brine shrimp method where the highest LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii were found to be 31.25μg/mL in water extract and the lowest LC50 was 1345.86μg/mL in chloroform extract followed by water>ethyl acetate>hexane>butanol>methanol>chloroform extract.Similarly,different polarities of seed extracts,the highest LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii was shown to be 109.56μg/mL in butanol extract and the lowest LC50 was 1513.56μg/mL in ethyl acetate extract followed by butanol>hexane>water>methanol>chloroform>ethyl acetate extract.In conclusion,the results showed that both flowers and seeds extracts at various concentrations have promising potential against the positive and negative bacterial strains and the highest potential water extract could be used as natural broad-spectrum antibiotics as herbal medicine to treat different human infectious diseases.

不同植物生长延缓剂对切花向日葵农艺性状的影响

以切花向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)品种圣骑士为试验材料,使用80 mg/L多效唑、200 mg/L矮壮素、100 mg/L缩节胺、20 mg/L烯效唑和800 mg/L丁酰肼进行叶面喷施,以清水作为对照,在达到采收成熟度后,对不同处理条件下切花向日葵茎、叶、花性状进行测定。结果表明,与CK相比,各处理在不同程度上降低了株高、重心、叶面积和叶柄长度,提高了茎干比、叶片厚度、叶绿素含量和花盘比重。80 mg/L多效唑处理的花盘直径增加13.4%,茎粗增加37.4%,20 mg/L烯效唑处理的花盘直径增加7.3%,茎粗增加17.3%,提升了切花品质。植物生长延缓剂可使切花向日葵植株高降低,重心下降,茎干比增大,叶柄缩短,叶片缩小增厚,叶绿素含量增加,切花品质提升,其中以多效唑和烯效唑处理综合效果较好。

油葵(Helianthus annuus)HaDGAT1基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

油葵(Helianthus annuus L.)种子富含不饱和脂肪酸,主要是亚油酸。亚油酸是人体必需的脂肪酸,能降低血液胆固醇,预防动脉粥样硬化,发挥抗癌作用。二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(diacylglycerol acyltrabsferase,DGAT)作为一种限速酶在油葵合成三酰甘油的过程中发挥重要作用。本研究通过对油葵种子转录组测序,利用PCR方法成功克隆得到一个DGAT1基因的c DNA序列,命名为HaDGAT1。对油葵HaDGAT1基因进行生物信息学分析,发现油葵HaDGAT1基因CDS全长1 440 bp,共编码479个氨基酸,所编码蛋白的分子量为55.740 kD,理论等电点为9.24。油葵Ha DGAT1为疏水性蛋白,亚细胞定位预测在内质网膜上。该蛋白的二级结构中α螺旋(44.05%),β转角(1.88%),延伸链(13.36%)和无规则卷曲(40.71%),与预测的蛋白质三级结构一致。本研究为进一步深入了解HaDGAT1基因的功能和调控机制和利用基因工程技术调节油葵脂肪酸的含量、改良油葵油的品质提供了理论依据。

铅胁迫对向日葵(Helianthus annuus)幼苗蛋白二级结构的影响

以不同浓度铅处理的向日葵HA300自交系幼苗为材料,运用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析铅胁迫下向日葵幼苗蛋白质二级结构的变化。结果表明:铅胁迫后向日葵幼苗根、茎、叶及全株的蛋白二级结构在酰胺Ⅰ区都有变化。较对照而言,根、茎在600 mg/L铅胁迫下蛋白二级结构均较稳定,有序结构分别增加了15.01%、16.45%;叶的蛋白二级结构在铅胁迫后无序结构相对含量增加,蛋白二级结构稳定性下降;在全株变化中,600 mg/L铅胁迫下蛋白二级结构较稳定,说明向日葵HA300幼苗能在一定浓度的铅胁迫下维持其蛋白二级结构的稳定性。本研究结果可以为逆境下向日葵幼苗生理机制的研究提供一定的科学依据。

重金属胁迫对向日葵种子萌发特征影响评价及花海品种筛选

为了研究重金属胁迫对向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)种子萌发影响及花海品种筛选,以32种常见向日葵观花品种为试材,采用培养皿发芽试验方法,用含Pb^(2+)、Cr^(6+)、Cd^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)和Zn^(2+)离子的溶液模拟重金属胁迫,研究重金属胁迫对发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和平均发芽日数的影响,用隶属函数法和聚类分析法筛选耐重金属胁迫品种。结果表明,重金属胁迫对多数向日葵品种种子萌发产生低浓度促进高浓度抑制的作用,并延长种子的平均发芽日数,不同品种间耐重金属胁迫能力差异较大,耐重金属胁迫性较强的品种为金富贵、魔术回旋、满天星、金庸碧翠、醉云长和活力,耐重金属胁迫中等的品种为黄钻、宝石红芳、红柠檬等10个品种,耐重金属胁迫较弱的品种为出水芙蓉、帕蒂小葵、金太阳等16个品种。

向日葵抗旱自交系叶片转录组SNP位点信息挖掘

为探究响应向日葵干旱胁迫的转录组SNP标记信息,以向日葵抗旱自交系17062为供试材料,利用RNA-seq技术结合生物信息学分析方法,对SNP标记进行统计分析。结果表明,SNP类型分析中,转换率占62.82%,颠换率占37.17%,转换中以C/T发生频率最高,为31.51%。功能原件分布中,分布在外显子区的SNP数量为178744.3个,显著多于其他功能元件。对SNP位点序列注释发现,有76678条SNP基因具有GO注释,4379条具有KEGG注释。筛选GO注释排序前30位(Top30)差异基因(DEGs)中重复存在的SNP基因序列,得到1542条,其中650条基因序列有GO注释。这些差异基因涉及到了多个生物功能与重要代谢途径,对向日葵转录组SNP标记开发、向日葵抗旱种质资源鉴定及抗旱“三系”杂交种选育具有重要意义。

3种油葵光合光响应曲线模型拟合及其光合参数与产量的关系

采用2种典型的光响应模型对3个油葵品种KWS203、TH320及矮大头667DW叶片的光合-光响应曲线进行拟合,并分析其光合参数与油葵生物产量、籽粒产量的关系。结果表明:直角双曲线修正模型和非直角双曲线模型对3个油葵品种的光合-光响应曲线的拟合精度较高,拟合方程的决定系数均为R2≥0.997。其中直角双曲线修正模型可以更好地拟合KWS203和矮大头667DW光系统Ⅱ动力学下调或光抑制部分的光合-光响应曲线,可准确计算其饱和光照度及最大净光合速率,且与实际测量值相当接近。直角双曲线修正模型拟合3种油葵光合-光响应曲线所得的光合参数与产量关系表明,油葵产量与最大净光合速率和饱和光照度具有相关性,饱和光照度与其生物产量(r=0.971**)、籽粒产量(r=0.982**)的相关系数均为极显著差异水平,但最大净光合速率与其生物产量(r=0.309)、籽粒产量(r=0.344)的相关系数都未达到显著水平;TH320的最大净光合速率、饱和光照度均最大,为36.926μmol/(m2·s),CO2、2 286.884μmol/(m2·s),其生物产量、籽粒产量也最高,分别为13 664.25kg/hm2、4 711.81 kg/hm2。综上所述,直角双曲线修正模型更符合油葵的光合生理特征,是研究油葵光合-光响应曲线的首选模型;TH320相对于其他2个油葵品种,具有更高的光饱和点和最大净光合速率,更低的暗呼吸速率和光合产物消耗。

利用外源DNA导入技术培育向日葵育种新材料

采用氯仿 -异戊醇 -RNA酶法 ,从菊芋、罗马尼亚向日葵幼叶中提取总DNA ,利用花粉管通道法和子房注射法导入向日葵品种“吉农 92 - 1”、吉农 92 - 5”中 ,发现D1代及D2 代在植株形态、种皮色、百粒重。

向日葵分子生物学研究进展

向日葵是一种营养价值极高的资源植物 ,向日葵的研究和生产在当前我国中西部大开发的战略中具有重要的意义。本文对近年来国内外向日葵分子生物学研究的最新进展 ,在蛋白质、酶、基因及基因工程、分子标记等方面进行了综述。特别对生化标记、分子标记技术在向日葵研究上的应用及所取得的成果作了重点介绍 ,并对今后向日葵研究工作进行了展望。

三个向日葵品种在培养基中的耐盐性鉴定

利用组织培养方法,在MS培养基中添加不同浓度NaCl溶液(0、65mmol/L、130mmol/L、200mmol/L、270mmol/L)培养3个向日葵品种(甘葵一号、赤峰白、长岭白),观察NaCl胁迫对向日葵幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,出芽率、出苗率和茎粗受NaCl胁迫较小,而NaCl胁迫显著地降低了幼苗苗高、叶片数和鲜重,NaCl浓度为200mmol/L时严重地影响向日葵幼苗生长。在3个向日葵品种中,长岭白对NaCl的耐受性好于其他两个品种。

向日葵遗传转化研究进展

综述了PEC、基因枪和农杆菌介导的转化方法应用于向日葵遗传转化研究所取得的进展,并对影响向日葵遗传转化效率的因素和研究前景进行了探讨。

脱硫石膏的施用量对盐碱地葵花生长的影响

采用拉丁方田间试验设计,测定脱硫石膏在不同施用量条件下对盐碱地的改良效果.结果表明:施用脱硫石膏显著提高了土壤有机质和养分含量,一定程度上降低了土壤碱化度、pH值和全盐含量,提高了葵花出苗率、千粒重和产量.根据脱硫石膏施用量与葵花出苗率、产量的模拟曲线关系,测得利用脱硫石膏改良盐碱化土壤的最佳施用量为28.0 t/hm2左右.

利用种子蛋白聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定向日葵种子纯度的研究

采用种子贮存蛋白 SDS- PAGE技术 ,对 13份向日葵杂交种和自交系进行了鉴别 ,结果表明 ,它们的种子蛋白电泳图谱差异明显 ,特征谱带稳定。种子蛋白电泳鉴定与田间小区种植鉴定种子纯度结果之间存在极显著的线性正相关性。